National parks

Who protect a national parks?

Where is Grand Canyon National Park?

Why is Lake difficult to keeping?

Explain, Savannah's climate. (dry&wet season)

What is Uluru?

What is role of National Parks?

carve  베다, 새기다

- If you carve an object, you make it by cutting it out of a substance such as wood or stone.

landscape 경치, 풍경

-The landscape is everything you can see when you look across an area of land, including hills, rivers, buildings, trees, and plants.

rim 가장자리, 변두리

-The rim of a container such as a cup or glass is the edge that goes all the way round the top.

border 경계

-The border between two countries or regions is the dividing line between them.

elevation 고도, 해발

-In architecture, an elevation is the front, back, or side of a building, or a drawing of one of these.

rattlesnake 방울뱀

-A rattlesnake is a poisonous American snake which can make a rattling noise with its tail.

condor 콘도르 (남미산 큰 독수리의 일종)

-A condor is a large South American bird that eats the meat of dead animals.

roam 돌아다니다, 배회하다

-If you roam an area or roam around it, you wander or travel around it without having a particular purpose.

porcupine 호저

-A porcupine is an animal with many long, thin, sharp spikes on its back that stick out as protection when it is attacked.

remain 남아있다

-If someone or something remains in a particular state or condition, they stay in that state or condition and do not change.

accommodation 좌석, 편의

-Accommodation is used to refer to buildings or rooms where people live or stay.

erosion 부식, 침식

-Erosion is the gradual destruction and removal of rock or soil in a particular area by rivers, the sea, or the weather.

generation 세대, 동시대의 사람들

-A generation is all the people in a group or country who are of a similar age, especially when they are considered as having the same experiences or attitudes.

jag 뾰족한 끝, 깔쭉깔쭉 함

settle 놓다, 이주시키다

I-f people settle an argument or problem, or if something settles it, they solve it, for example by making a decision about who is right or about what to do.

terrain 지형, 지대

-Terrain is used to refer to an area of land or a type of land when you are considering its physical features.

due to ~때문에

damp 습기, 안개

-Something that is damp is slightly wet.

ledge 암붕, 선반

-A ledge is a piece of rock on the side of a cliff or mountain, which is in the shape of a narrow shelf.

migrate 이주하다

-If people migrate , they move from one place to another, especially in order to find work or to live somewhere for a short time.

caribou 삼림순록

-A caribou is a large north American deer.

meadow 목초지, 초원

-A meadow is a field which has grass and flowers growing in it.

glacier 빙하

-A glacier is an extremely large mass of ice which moves very slowly, often down a mountain valley.

strict 엄격한

-A strict rule or order is very clear and precise or severe and must always be obeyed completely.

moor 황무지, 황야

-A moor is an area of open and usually high land with poor soil that is covered mainly with grass and heather.

falcon 매, 송골매

-A falcon is a bird of prey that can be trained to hunt other birds and animals.

rare 드문, 희박한, 진귀한

-Something that is rare is not common and is therefore interesting or valuable.

scenery 풍경

-The scenery in a country area is the land, water, or plants that you can see around you.

conservation 보존, 유지

-Conservation is saving and protecting the environment.

fascinate 매혹하다, 반하게 하다

-If something fascinates you, it interests and delights you so much that your thoughts tend to concentrate on it.

gibbon  긴팔 원숭이

-A gibbon is an ape with very long arms and no tail that lives in southern Asia.

extinct  사라진, 멸종된

-A species of animal or plant that is extinct no longer has any living members, either in the world or in a particular place.

Summery

In the mountains

How mountains form?

What are facts that affect to climates of mountain?

Why people climb to a mountain?

What was role of Machu Picchu?

Explain, people who live in mountain community.

Explain, changing of travelling in mountains.

boundary 경계

-The boundary of an area of land is an imaginary line that separates it from other areas.

slope 비탈지게 하다, 능선

-A slope is the side of a mountain, hill, or valley.

altitude 고도, 해발

-If something is at a particular altitude , it is at that height above sea level.

blizzard 심한 눈보라

-A blizzard is a very bad snowstorm with strong winds.

sacred 신성한

-Something that is sacred is believed to be holy and to have a special connection with God.

meditate 꾀하다, 계획하다

-If you meditate on something, you think about it very carefully and deeply for a long time.

religious 종교상의

-You use religious to describe things that are connected with religion or with one particular religion.

deserve ~할 가치가 있다

-If you say that a person or thing deserves something, you mean that they should have it or receive it because of their actions or qualities.

respect 존경

-If you respect someone, you have a good opinion of their character or ideas.

enemy 적, 적대자

-If someone is your enemy , they hate you or want to harm you.

invade 침략하다, 침입하다

-To invade a country means to enter it by force with an army.

isolate 고립시키다

-To isolate a person or organization means to cause them to lose their friends or supporters.

axe  도끼

-An axe is a tool used for cutting wood. It consists of a heavy metal blade which is sharp at one edge and attached by its other edge to the end of a long handle.

pepper 후추

-Pepper is a hot-tasting spice which is used to flavour food.

descendant 자손, 후예

-Someone's descendants are the people in later generations who are related to them.

hardy 단련된, 튼튼한

-Plants that are hardy are able to survive cold weather.

llama 아메리카 낙타

-A llama is a South American animal with thick hair, which looks like a small camel without a hump.

fertile 기름진, 비옥한

-Land or soil that is fertile is able to support the growth of a large number of strong healthy plants.

tribal 부족의

-Tribal is used to describe things relating to or belonging to tribes and the way that they are organized.

copper 구리, 동

-Copper is reddish brown metal that is used to make things such as coins and electrical wires.

terrain 지역, 지대

-Terrain is used to refer to an area of land or a type of land when you are considering its physical features.

chasms 갈라진 튼, 균열

- A chasm is a very deep crack in rock, earth, or ice.

community 집단, 사회

-The community is all the people who live in a particular area or place.

resource 자원

-The resources of an organization or person are the materials, money, and other things that they have and can use in order to function properly.

operate 일하다, 작동하다

-If you operate a business or organization, you work to keep it running properly. If a business or organization operates , it carries out its work.

haul 끌어당기다

- If you haul something which is heavy or difficult to move, you move it using a lot of effort.

severe 엄한

-You use severe to indicate that something bad or undesirable is great or intense.

Summery

Knight life

What is a knight?

Explain, the feudal system.

What did squire do?

What is advantage of plate armour?

What is needed for battle?

In castle, Why was kitchen separated from main building?

amour 바람기

-An amour is a love affair, especially one which is kept secret.

deed 업적, 공적

-A deed is something that is done, especially something that is very good or very bad.

medieval 중세의

-Something that is medieval relates to or was made in the period of European history between the end of the Roman Empire in 476 AD and about 1500

noble 귀족의, 고귀한

-If you say that someone is a noble person, you admire and respect them because they are unselfish and morally good.

servant 하인, 머슴

-A servant is someone who is employed to work at another person's home, for example as a cleaner or a gardener.

carpenter 목수

-A carpenter is a person whose job is making and repairing wooden things.

peasant 농부, 소작인

-A peasant is a poor person of low social status who works on the land; used of people who live in countries where farming is still a common way of life.

estate 소유지

-An estate is a large area of land in the country which is owned by a person, family, or organization.

manor 장원, 영지

-A manor is a large private house in the country, usually built in the Middle Ages, and also includes the land and smaller buildings around it.

weave 짜다, 뜨다

-If you weave cloth or a carpet, you make it by crossing threads over and under each other using a frame or machine called a loom.

lord 주, 지배자

-In Britain, a lord is a man who has a high rank in the nobility, for example an earl, a viscount, or a marquis.

serf  농노

-In former times, serfs were a class of people who had to work on a particular person's land and could not leave without that person's permission.

weapon 무기

-A weapon is an object such as a gun, a knife, or a missile, which is used to kill or hurt people in a fight or a war.

lance 창기병, 창

-If a boil on someone's body is lanced , a small cut is made in it so that the liquid inside comes out.

pretend ~인 체하다

-If you pretend that something is the case, you act in a way that is intended to make people believe that it is the case, although in fact it is not.

dubbing knight 작위수여

demonstrate 논증하다, 설명하다

-To demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.

chivalry 기사도, 기사제도

-Chivalry is polite, kind, and unselfish behaviour, especially by men towards women.

sleeve 소매

-The sleeves of a coat, shirt, or other item of clothing are the parts that cover your arms.

garment 의복, 의상

-A garment is a piece of clothing; used especially in contexts where you are talking about the manufacture or sale of clothes.

plate 접시, 금속판

-A plate is a round or oval flat dish that is used to hold food.

injure 상처를 입히다

-If you injure a person or animal, you damage some part of their body.

depend 의존하다

-If you say that one thing depends on another, you mean that the first thing will be affected or determined by the second.

mace 철퇴, 전곤

-A mace is an ornamental stick carried by an official or placed somewhere as a symbol of authority.

dagger 단도, 단검

-A dagger is a weapon like a knife with two sharp edges.

shield 방패

-Something or someone which is a shield against a particular danger or risk provides protection from it.

heraldry 문장학, 문장

-Heraldry is the study of coats of arms and of the history of the families who are entitled to have them.

identify 확인하다, 식별하다, 증명하다

-If you can identify someone or something, you are able to recognize them or distinguish them from others.

joust 마상 창시합

-When two or more people or organizations joust , they compete to see who is better.

workshop 작업장, 일터

-A workshop is a period of discussion or practical work on a particular subject in which a group of people share their knowledge or experience.

cannon 대포

-A cannon is a large gun, usually on wheels, which used to be used in battles.

blast 센 바람, 폭풍

- A blast is a big explosion, especially one caused by a bomb.

minstrel 시인

-In medieval times, a minstrel was a singer and musician who travelled around and entertained noble families.

exaggerate 과장하다

-If you exaggerate , you indicate that something is, for example, worse or more important than it really is.

remind 생각나게 하다, 상기시키다

-If someone reminds you of a fact or event that you already know about, they say something which makes you think about it.

Summery

Hurricane

Where did Mitch begin?

What did people prepare for the hurricane?

Why did George, the hotel owner on Ambergris Cay, decide to stay?

After Mitch, What problem face to central America?

fierce 사나운

-A fierce animal or person is very aggressive or angry.

fury 분노

-Fury is violent or very strong anger.

tropical 열대 지방의

-Tropical means belonging to or typical of the tropics.

thunderstorm 뇌우

-A thunderstorm is a storm in which there is thunder and lightning and a lot of heavy rain.

forecast 예보하다, 예측하다

-A forecast is a statement of what is expected to happen in the future, especially in relation to a particular event or situation.

approximate ~와 가까워지다, ~와 비슷하다

-An approximate number, time, or position is close to the correct number, time, or position, but is not exact.

emergency 비상 사태

-An emergency is an unexpected and difficult or dangerous situation, especially an accident, which happens suddenly and which requires quick action to deal with it.

tide 조수

-The tide is the regular change in the level of the sea on the shore.

shutter 셔터, 덧문

-The shutter in a camera is the part which opens to allow light through the lens when a photograph is taken.

debris 부스러기, 파편

-Debris is pieces from something that has been destroyed or pieces of rubbish or unwanted material that are spread around.

evacuate 비우다, 피난시키다

-To evacuate someone means to send them to a place of safety, away from a dangerous building, town, or area.

resident 거주하는, 살고 있는

-The residents of a house or area are the people who live there.

cope 대항하다, 맞서다

-If you cope with a problem or task, you deal with it successfully.

surge 쇄도하다, 밀어 닥치다

-A surge is a sudden large increase in something that has previously been steady, or has only increased or developed slowly.

pour 따르다, 붓다

-If you pour a liquid or other substance, you make it flow steadily out of a container by holding the container at an angle.

spare 용서하다

-You use spare to describe something that is the same as things that you are already using, but that you do not need yet and are keeping ready in case another one is needed.

boulder 큰 알돌

-A boulder is a large rounded rock.

victim 희생자

-A victim is someone who has been hurt or killed.

determination 결심, 결단

-Determination is the quality that you show when you have decided to do something and you will not let anything stop you.

discipline 훈련, 단련

-Discipline is the practice of making people obey rules or standards of behaviour, and punishing them when they do not.

temporary 일시적인

-Something that is temporary lasts for only a limited time.

sanitation 공중위생

-Sanitation is the process of keeping places clean and healthy, especially by providing a sewage system and a clean water supply.

Summery

Coral reefs

What are coral polyps?

What do polyps use for catching prey?

Do soft coral polyps have exoskeletons?

Explain, chain of coral reef food .

Why do coral reef fish brilliantly?

How sea anemones catch their prey?

Why octopus and cuttlefish change color?

coral reef 산호초

-A coral reef is a long narrow mass of coral and other substances, the top of which is usually just above or just below the surface of the sea.

coral polyps 산호

exoskeleton 외골격

structure 구조

-The structure of something is the way in which it is made, built, or organized.

tentacle 촉수

-The tentacles of an animal such as an octopus are the long thin parts that are used for feeling and holding things, for getting food, and for moving.

algae 조류, 말

-Algae is a type of plant with no stems or leaves that grows in water or on damp surfaces.

feather 깃털

-A bird's feathers are the soft covering on its body.

ecosystem 생태계

-An ecosystem is all the plants and animals that live in a particular area together with the complex relationship that exists between them and their environment.

graze 풀을 뜯어먹다

-When animals graze or are grazed , they eat the grass or other plants that are growing in a particular place. You can also say that a field is grazed by animals.

nourishment 영양 상태

-If something provides a person, animal, or plant with nourishment , it provides them with the food that is necessary for life, growth, and good health.

predator 약탈자, 육식동물

-A predator is an animal that kills and eats other animals.

brilliant 빛나는 화려한

-A brilliant person, idea, or performance is extremely clever or skilful.

recognize 인지하다, 알아보다

-If you recognize someone or something, you know who that person is or what that thing is.

vivid 생생한

-If you describe memories and descriptions as vivid , you mean that they are very clear and detailed.

eel 뱀장어

-An eel is a long, thin fish that looks like a snake.

snatch 잡아채다

- If you snatch something or snatch at something, you take it or pull it away quickly.

paralyse

- If someone is paralysed by an accident or an illness, they have no feeling in their body, or in part of their body, and are unable to move.

camouflage 위장, 변장

-Camouflage consists of things such as leaves, branches, or brown and green paint, which are used to make it difficult for an enemy to see military forces and equipment.

suction 흡입

-Suction is the process by which liquids, gases, or other substances are drawn out of somewhere.

clever 영리한

-Someone who is clever is intelligent and able to understand things easily or plan things well.

glide 미끄러지다

-If you glide somewhere, you move silently and in a smooth and effortless way.

scavenger 청소 동물

-If people or animals scavenge for things, they collect them by searching among waste or unwanted objects.

territory 영토, 땅

-Territory is land which is controlled by a particular country or ruler.

parasite 기생충

-A parasite is a small animal or plant that lives on or inside a larger animal or plant, and gets its food from it.

crevice 갈라진 틈

-A crevice is a narrow crack or gap, especially in a rock.

clump 수풀, 나무 숲

-A clump of things such as trees or plants is a small group of them growing together.

lagoon 늪

-A lagoon is an area of calm sea water that is separated from the ocean by a line of rock or sand.

eventually 결국

-Eventually means in the end, especially after a lot of delays, problems, or arguments

threaten 위협하다

-If a person threatens to do something unpleasant to you, or if they threaten you, they say or imply that they will do something unpleasant to you, especially if you do not do what they want.

Summery

Dancing around the world

Who wear green makeup in Kathakali?

What means dragon to Chinese people?

Who did dance aboriginal dance?

When do people meet the Haka?

Why is Square dancing called a social dance?

What do dancers express through flamenco?

accompaniment 부속물

-The accompaniment to a song or tune is the music that is played at the same time as it and forms a background to it.

percussion 충격, 충돌

-Percussion instruments are musical instruments that you hit, such as drums.

consist 구성되어 있다

-Something that consists of particular things or people is formed from them.

aboriginal 토착민의

-An Aboriginal is an Australian Aborigine.

clan 당파, 일당

-A clan is a group which consists of families that are related to each other.

spear 창

-A spear is a weapon consisting of a long pole with a sharp metal point attached to the end.

didgeridoo

-A didgeridoo is an Australian musical instrument that consists of a long pipe which makes a low sound when you blow into it.

indigenous 토착의

-Indigenous people or things belong to the country in which they are found, rather than coming there or being brought there from another country.

twirl 빙빙 돌리다

- If you twirl something or if it twirls , it turns around and around with a smooth, fairly fast movement.

reed 갈대

-Reeds are tall plants that grow in large groups in shallow water or on ground that is always wet and soft.

chant 노래하기

-A chant is a word or group of words that is repeated over and over again.

combine 결합시키다

- If you combine two or more things or if they combine , they exist together.

ballroom 무도실

-A ballroom is a very large room that is used for dancing.

promenade 산책

-In a seaside town, the promenade is the road by the sea where people go for a walk.

immigrant 이주자

-An immigrant is a person who has come to live in a country from some other country. Compare emigrant .

bluegrass 새포아풀 속의 풀

-Bluegrass is a style of fast folk music that began in the Southern United States.

fiddle 현악기

- If you fiddle with an object, you keep moving it or touching it with your fingers.

warrior 전사

-A warrior is a fighter or soldier, especially one in former times who was very brave and experienced in fighting.

brandish  휘두르다

-If you brandish something, especially a weapon, you hold it in a threatening way.

chase 뒤쫓다

-If you chase someone, or chase after them, you run after them or follow them quickly in order to catch or reach them.

Summery

Charting your course

How to make a thermometer?

What woud be helpful to know through a barometer?

How to make a compass?

How does a periscope work?

Explain, making a periscope.

meteorologist

-Meteorology is the study of the processes in the Earth's atmosphere that cause particular weather conditions, especially in order to predict the weather.

barometer 기압계

-A barometer is an instrument that measures air pressure and shows when the weather is changing.

purchase 구입하다

-When you purchase something, you buy it.

procedure 순서, 차례

-A procedure is a way of doing something, especially the usual or correct way.

predict 예언하다

-If you predict an event, you say that it will happen.

pressure 압력

-Pressure is force that you produce when you press hard on something.

affect ~에 영향을 미치다

- If something affects a person or thing, it influences them or causes them to change in some way.

observe 관찰하다, 주시하다

-If you observe a person or thing, you watch them carefully, especially in order to learn something about them.

direction 방향

-A direction is the general line that someone or something is moving or pointing in.

compass 나침반

-A compass is an instrument that you use for finding directions. It has a dial and a magnetic needle that always points to the north.

periscope 잠망경

-A periscope is a vertical tube which people inside submarines can look through to see above the surface of the water.

expert 노련한, 전문가

-An expert is a person who is very skilled at doing something or who knows a lot about a particular subject.

Summery

Try it

How do people uncover their talents?

Did not people discover their talents when they are young?

Why did Michael and Margaret invent special sports helmet?

What did Cisco learn about Karate?

Why did publisher reject Madeleine's book?

obstacle 장애물

-An obstacle is an object that makes it difficult for you to go where you want to go, because it is in your way.

plaster cast 석고 모형

-A plaster cast is a cover made of plaster of Paris which is used to protect a broken bone by keeping part of the body stiff.

recover 회복시키다

- When you recover from an illness or an injury, you become well again

be willing to 기꺼이 ~ 하다

figure 수치

-A figure is a particular amount expressed as a number, especially a statistic.

donation 기부

-A donation is something which someone gives to a charity or other organization.

dare 감히~ 하다

-If you do not dare to do something, you do not have enough courage to do it, or you do not want to do it because you fear the consequences.

accomplish 성취하다

-If you accomplish something, you succeed in doing it.

contribution 기부

-If you make a contribution to something, you do something to help make it successful or to produce it.

satisfaction 만족

-Satisfaction is the pleasure that you feel when you do something or get something that you wanted or needed to do or get.

organize 조직하다

-If you organize an event or activity, you make sure that the necessary arrangements are made.

participate 참여하다

-If you participate in an activity, you take part in it.

philosophy 철학

-Philosophy is the study or creation of theories about basic things such as the nature of existence, knowledge, and thought, or about how people should live.

ingredient 성분

- Ingredients are the things that are used to make something, especially all the different foods you use when you are cooking a particular dish.

challenge 도전

-A challenge is something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination.

achieve 이루다, 성취하다

-If you achieve a particular aim or effect, you succeed in doing it or causing it to happen, usually after a lot of effort.

overcome 이기다, 극복하다

- If you overcome a problem or a feeling, you successfully deal with it and control it.

amputate 절단하다

-To amputate someone's arm or leg means to cut all or part of it off in an operation because it is diseased or badly damaged.

artificial 인조의

-Artificial objects, materials, or processes do not occur naturally and are created by human beings, for example using science or technology.

setback 역전

-A setback is an event that delays your progress or reverses some of the progress that you have made.

inspire 고취하다

-If someone or something inspires you to do something new or unusual, they make you want to do it.

Seeing is not believing

Explain, changing of the theory of light.

What is binocular vision?

When are the shadows longest?

Why does curved mirrors show funny reflection?

How are rainbows performed?

What is role of perspective?

What is best way to understand optical illusions?

stream 흐름, 개울

-A stream is a small narrow river.

particle 작은 티끌

-A particle of something is a very small piece or amount of it.

branch 가지

-The branches of a tree are the parts that grow out from its trunk and have leaves, flowers, or fruit growing on them.

optic 눈의

-Optic means relating to the eyes or to sight.

opaque 불투명한

- If an object or substance is opaque , you cannot see through it.

reflect 반사하다

-If something reflects an attitude or situation, it shows that the attitude or situation exists or it shows what it is like.

vision 시력, 미래상

-Your vision of a future situation or society is what you imagine or hope it would be like, if things were very different from the way they are now.

pupil 학생, 동공

-The pupils of a school are the children who go to it.

retina 망막

-Your retina is the area at the back of your eye. It receives the image that you see and then sends the image to your brain.

nerve 신경

-Nerves are long thin fibres that transmit messages between your brain and other parts of your body.

judge 재판, 재판관

-A judge is the person in a court of law who decides how the law should be applied, for example how criminals should be punished.

refract 굴절시키다

-When a ray of light or a sound wave refracts or is refracted , the path it follows bends at a particular point, for example when it enters water or glass.

reverse 반대, 반전

-When someone or something reverses a decision, policy, or trend, they change it to the opposite decision, policy, or trend.

convex 볼록렌즈

-Convex is used to describe something that curves outwards in the middle.

concave 오목한

-A surface that is concave curves inwards in the middle.

droplet 작은 물방울

-A droplet is a very small drop of liquid.

spectrum 분광

-The spectrum is the range of different colours which is produced when light passes through a glass prism or through a drop of water.

perspective 원근법, 전망, 견해

-A particular perspective is a particular way of thinking about something, especially one that is influenced by your beliefs or experiences.

optical 눈의

-Optical devices, processes, and effects involve or relate to vision, light, or images.

illusion 환각

-An illusion is a false idea or belief.

grid 눈금, 격자

-A grid is something which is in a pattern of straight lines that cross over each other, forming squares. On maps the grid is used to help you find a particular thing or place.

persistence 끈기, 인내심

-If you have persistence , you continue to do something even though it is difficult or other people are against it.

Summry

Find out about it!

What is report and research report?

What do you do before beginning research?

How to choose a topic?

Where do you look for information?

Arrange, steps of making an outline.

What is form of report?

undertake 맡다, 책임을 떠안다

-When you undertake a task or job, you start doing it and accept responsibility for it.

discuss 논의하다, 토의하다

-If people discuss something, they talk about it, often in order to reach a decision.

deadline 마감 시간

-A deadline is a time or date before which a particular task must be finished or a particular thing must be done.

narrow 폭이 좁은

-Something that is narrow measures a very small distance from one side to the other, especially compared to its length or height.

gather 모으다

-If people gather somewhere or if someone gathers people somewhere, they come together in a group.

encyclopedia 백과사전

-An encyclopedia is a book or set of books in which facts about many different subjects or about one particular subject are arranged for reference, usually in alphabetical order.

entry 입장

-If you gain entry to a particular place, you are able to go in.

reference 참조

-Reference to someone or something is the act of talking about them or mentioning them.

sticky 끈적거리는

- A sticky substance is soft, or thick and liquid, and can stick to other things.

overwhelm 압도하다

-If you are overwhelmed by a feeling or event, it affects you very strongly, and you do not know how to deal with it.

juvenile 소년의

-A juvenile is a child or young person who is not yet old enough to be regarded as an adult.

brief 간결한

-Something that is brief lasts for only a short time.

description 기술, 서술

-A description of someone or something is an account which explains what they are or what they look like.

numeral 숫자

-Numerals are written symbols used to represent numbers.

conclusion 결말

-When you come to a conclusion , you decide that something is true after you have thought about it carefully and have considered all the relevant facts.

polish 닦다, 윤내다

-Polish is a substance that you put on the surface of an object in order to clean it, protect it, and make it shine.

punctuation 구두법, 구두점

-Punctuation is the use of symbols such as full stops or periods, commas, or question marks to divide written words into sentences and clauses.

bibliography 서지학, 저서 목록

-A bibliography is a list of books on a particular subject.

assign 할당하다

-If you assign a piece of work to someone, you give them the work to do.

Summery

Birdwatching

Why do people watch birds?

Where usually live birds?

What equipment is useful to watch birds?

How to write a bird journal?

Who count bird populations?

observe 관찰하다, 보다

-If you observe a person or thing, you watch them carefully, especially in order to learn something about them.

appearance 출현, 외모

-When someone makes an appearance at a public event or in a broadcast, they take part in it.

range 열, 범위

-A range of things is a number of different things of the same general kind.

territory 영토

-Territory is land which is controlled by a particular country or ruler.

shrub 관목, 떨기나무

-Shrubs are plants that have several woody stems.

paddock 작은 목장

-A paddock is a small field where horses are kept.

binocular 쌍안경의

magnify 확대하다

-To magnify an object means to make it appear larger than it really is, by means of a special lens or mirror.

disturb  방해하다

-If you disturb someone, you interrupt what they are doing and upset them.

comfortable 편안한

- If a piece of furniture or an item of clothing is comfortable , it makes you feel physically relaxed when you use it, for example because it is soft.

blurry 더러워진

-A blurry shape is one that has an unclear outline.

adjust 조절하다, 순응하다

-When you adjust to a new situation, you get used to it by changing your behaviour or your ideas.

suitable 적당한, 알맞은

-Someone or something that is suitable for a particular purpose or occasion is right or acceptable for it.

sparrow 참새

-A sparrow is a small brown bird that is very common in Britain.

flock 떼, 무리

-A flock of birds, sheep, or goats is a group of them.

preen 털을 정리하다, 모양을 내다

-If someone preens themselves , they spend a lot of time making themselves look neat and attractive; used especially if you want to show that you disapprove of this behaviour or that you find it ridiculous and amusing.

refer to 언급하다

diagram 도형, 도식

-A diagram is a simple drawing which consists mainly of lines and is used, for example, to explain how a machine works.

carton 큰 상자

-A carton is a plastic or cardboard container in which food or drink is sold.

flap  펄럭이다

-If something such as a piece of cloth or paper flaps or if you flap it, it moves quickly up and down or from side to side.

ornithologist

-Ornithology is the study of birds.

Summery

Skeleton inside and out

What is skeleton's role?

Is vertebra fixing?

What allow your skeleton to bend, twist?

What are the longest and strongest bones in the human body?

Why are chimpanzees so good at climbing and swinging?

Why can bats easily lift their bodies off the ground to fly?

Do frogs have ribs?

What is difference of fish and crabs?

framework 틀, 구조

-A framework is a particular set of rules, ideas, or beliefs which you use in order to deal with problems or to decide what to do.

endoskeleton 내골격

exoskeleton 외골격

blob 물방울, 영점

-A blob of thick or sticky liquid is a small, often round, amount of it.

organ 장기

-An organ is a part of your body that has a particular purpose or function, for example your heart or lungs.

sternum 흉골

-Your sternum is the long flat bone which goes from your throat to the bottom of your ribs and to which your ribs are attached.

skull 두개골

-Your skull is the bony part of your head which encloses your brain.

spine 등뼈

-Your spine is the row of bones down your back.

vertebrae 척추골

-Vertebrae are the small circular bones that form the spine of a human being or animal.

connect 열결하다

-If something or someone connects one thing to another, or if one thing connects to another, the two things are joined together.

joint 이음매, 관절

-Joint means shared by or belonging to two or more people.

grasp 붙잡다

-If you grasp something, you take it in your hand and hold it very firmly.

paw 동물의 발

-The paws of an animal such as a cat, dog, or bear are its feet, which have claws for gripping things and soft pads for walking on.

flex 구부리다

-A flex is an electric cable containing two or more wires that is connected to an electrical appliance.

perch 새의 횃대, 지위

-If you perch on something, you sit down lightly on the very edge or tip of it.

amphibian 양서류의

-Amphibians are animals such as frogs and toads that can live both on land and in water.

paddle 노, 패들

-A paddle is a short pole with a wide flat part at one end or at both ends.

sway 흔들다, 기울게 하다

-When people or things sway , they lean or swing slowly from one side to the other.

cartilage 연골

-Cartilage is a strong, flexible substance in your body, especially around your joints and in your nose.

crustacean 갑각류의

-A crustacean is an animal with a hard shell and several pairs of legs, which usually lives in water. Crabs, lobsters, and shrimps are crustaceans.

moult

-When an animal or bird moults , it gradually loses its coat or feathers so that a new coat or feathers can grow.

shed 오두막, 우리

-A shed is a small building that is used for storing things such as garden tools.

scallop 가리비, 껍데기

-Scallops are large shellfish with two flat fan-shaped shells.

arachnid 거미류의 동물

protest 항의하다

- If you protest against something or about something, you say or show publicly that you object to it. In American English, you usually say that you protest it.

metamorphosis 변형, 변성

-When a metamorphosis occurs, a person or thing develops and changes into something completely different.

Summery

Volcanoes

Why happens a volcanoes?

Why change the land when volcanoes erupt?

Do underwater volcanoes form the same way as land volcanoes?

Why have people lived near volcanoes?

cease 그만 두다, 정지하다

-If something ceases , it stops happening or existing.

chamber 방, 침실

-A chamber is a large room, especially one that is used for formal meetings.

eventually 결국에는

-Eventually means in the end, especially after a lot of delays, problems, or arguments.

vent 구멍

- A vent is a hole in something through which air can come in and smoke, gas, or smells can go out.

lava 용암

-Lava is the very hot liquid rock that comes out of a volcano.

crumple 구기다, 압도하다

-If you crumple something such as paper or cloth, or if it crumples , it is squashed and becomes full of untidy creases and folds.

depend on ~에 의존하다

trap 덫, 올가미

-A trap is a device which is placed somewhere or a hole which is dug somewhere in order to catch animals or birds.

dormant 잠자는, 수면 상태의

-Something that is dormant is not active, growing, or being used at the present time but is capable of becoming active later on.

extinct 꺼진, 멸종한

-A species of animal or plant that is extinct no longer has any living members, either in the world or in a particular place.

igneous 불의

-In geology, igneous rocks are rocks that were once so hot that they were liquid.

fragment 파편

-A fragment of something is a small piece or part of it.

blast 센 바람, 돌풍

-A blast is a big explosion, especially one caused by a bomb.

aa 용암

-The AA called for laws to regulate clamping firms.

path 작은 길, 오솔길

-A path is a long strip of ground which people walk along to get from one place to another.

meanwhile 한편

-Meanwhile means while a particular thing is happening.

drain 배수하다, 방수하다

-If you drain a liquid from a place or object, you remove the liquid by causing it to flow somewhere else.

ridge 산등성이

-A ridge is a long, narrow piece of raised land.

canyon 깊은 협곡

-A canyon is a long, narrow valley with very steep sides.

trench 굴, 도랑

-A trench is a long narrow channel that is cut into the ground, for example in order to lay pipes or get rid of water.

gradually 차차, 점차

-If something changes or is done gradually , it changes or is done in small stages over a long period of time, rather than suddenly.

fertile 비옥한

-Land or soil that is fertile is able to support the growth of a large number of strong healthy plants.

geothermal 지열의

risky 위험한

-If an activity or action is risky , it is dangerous or likely to fail.

toxic 중독의

-A toxic substance is poisonous.

seismometer 지진계

Summery

Save our earth

When did many nations have factories and industries?

Why is air pollution and acid rain a problem?

What per cent of earth's water is fresh water?

What is three words to remember in the battle against waste?

What means high biodiversity?

renewable 계속 할 수 있는, 회복할 수 있는

fuel 연료

-Fuel is a substance such as coal, oil, or petrol that is burned to provide heat or power.

revolution 혁명

-A revolution is a successful attempt by a large group of people to change the political system of their country by force.

tap 마개, 두드리다

-A tap is a device that controls the flow of a liquid or gas from a pipe or container, for example on a sink.

petrol 휘발유

-Petrol is a liquid which is used as a fuel for motor vehicles.

acid 신 것

-An acid is a chemical substance, usually a liquid, which contains hydrogen and can react with other substances to form salts.

oxygen 산소

-Oxygen is a colourless gas that exists in large quantities in the air.

irrigate 물을 대다, 관개하다

-To irrigate land means to supply it with water in order to help crops grow.

flood 홍수, 물이 넘치다

-If there is a flood , a large amount of water covers an area which is usually dry, for example when a river flows over its banks or a pipe bursts.

coal 석탄

-Coal is a hard black substance that is extracted from the ground and burned as fuel.

seep 스며나오다, 새다

-If something such as liquid or gas seeps somewhere, it flows slowly and in small amounts into a place where it should not go.

contribute 기부하다

-If you contribute to something, you say or do things to help to make it successful.

sprinkler 뿌리는 것

-A sprinkler is a device used to spray water.

pesticide 살충제

-Pesticides are chemicals which farmers put on their crops to kill harmful insects.

contaminate 오염시키다

-If something is contaminated by dirt, chemicals, or radiation, they make it dirty or harmful.

tangle 엉키게 하다

-A tangle of something is a mass of it twisted together in an untidy way.

discard 처분하다

-If you discard something, you get rid of it because you no longer want it or need it.

methane 메탄

-Methane is a colourless gas that has no smell. Natural gas consists mostly of methane.

landfill 매립식 쓰레기 처리

-Landfill is a method of getting rid of very large amounts of rubbish by burying it in a large deep hole.

manufacture 제조, 생산

-To manufacture something means to make it in a factory, usually in large quantities.

biodiversity 생물의 다양성

-Biodiversity is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species living in their natural environment

Summery

Building bridge

Why did Leonardo devise a single arch?

Why did Baker decide to build a cantilever bridge?

Is cantilever cheapest bridge?

What is character of area that Akashi kaikyo bridge was built?

What is four bridge's goal?

mast 돛대

-The masts of a boat are the tall upright poles that support its sails.

granite 화강암

-Granite is a very hard rock used in building.

span 짧은 거리, 기간

-A span is the period of time between two dates or events during which something exists, functions, or happens.

load 짐 짐을 싣다

-If you load a vehicle or a container, you put a large quantity of things into it.

collapse 무너지다, 붕괴하다

-If a building or other structure collapses , it falls down very suddenly.

impress 감동시키다, 인상을 주다

-If something impresses you, you feel great admiration for it.

timber 목재

-Timber is wood that is used for building houses and making furniture.

lamination 얇은 판

pedestrian 보행자

-A pedestrian is a person who is walking, especially in a town or city, rather than travelling in a vehicle.

blend 섞다

-If you blend substances together or if they blend , you mix them together so that they become one substance.

pier 부두, 선창

-A pier is a platform sticking out into water, usually the sea, which people walk along or use when getting onto or off boats.

caisson 탄약 상자

bedrock 근본적인

-The bedrock of something is the principles, ideas, or facts on which it is based.

suspend 매달다, 중지하다

- If you suspend something, you delay it or stop it from happening for a while or until a decision is made about it

connection 연결

-A connection is a relationship between two things, people, or groups.

contract 계약, 약정

-A contract is a legal agreement, usually between two companies or between an employer and employee, which involves doing work for a stated sum of money

beam 들보, 갑판보

-If you say that someone is beaming , you mean that they have a big smile on their face because they are happy, pleased, or proud about something.

rivet 고정시키다

-If you are riveted by something, it fascinates you and holds your interest completely.

maintain 지속하다

-If you maintain something, you continue to have it, and do not let it stop or grow weaker.

wire 철사, 전선

-A wire is a long thin piece of metal that is used to fasten things or to carry electric current.

bundle 묶음, 다발

-A bundle of things is a number of them that are tied together or wrapped in a cloth or bag so that they can be carried or stored.

truss 다발

-To truss someone means to tie them up very tightly so that they cannot move.

demonstrate 논증하다, 설명하다

-To demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.

purpose 목적

-The purpose of something is the reason for which it is made or done.

Summery

Olympic champions

What is origin of Olympic games?

Why was an important moment to Australians when Cathy lit the Olympic flame?

Why did Marc end his skating career?

Where is birth place of Haile who is runner?

What is commonness of olympic champions?

discus 원반던지기

-A discus is a heavy circular object which athletes try to throw as far as they can as a sport.

combine 결합시키다

-you combine two or more things or if they combine , they exist together.

participate 참여하다

-If you participate in an activity, you take part in it.

struggle 싸우다, 분투하다

encouragement 격려

-Encouragement is the activity of encouraging someone, or something that is said or done in order to encourage them.

beat 패배시키다, 때리다

-If you beat someone or something, you hit them very hard.

consecutive 연속적인

-Consecutive periods of time or events happen one after the other without interruption.

retirement 은퇴

-Retirement is the time when a worker retires.

concentrate 집중하다

-If you concentrate on something, or concentrate your mind on it, you give all your attention to it.

whip 채찍질 하다

- A whip is a long thin piece of material such as leather or rope, fastened to a stiff handle. It is used for hitting people or animals.

spire 뾰족탑

-The spire of a building such as a church is the tall pointed structure on the top.

operation 수술, 작용

-An operation is a highly organized activity that involves many people doing different things.

surgery 외과수술

-Surgery is medical treatment in which someone's body is cut open so that a doctor can repair, remove, or replace a diseased or damaged part.

endurance 지구력, 인내

-Endurance is the ability to continue with an unpleasant or difficult situation, experience, or activity over a long period of time.

corrective 교정하는

-Corrective measures or techniques are intended to put right something that is wrong.

enroll 명부에 올리다, 기록하다

induct 인도하다, 안내하다

-If someone is inducted into a particular job, rank, or position, they are given the job, rank, or position in a formal ceremony.

Summery

Dictionary of geographical terms

parentheses  괄호

-Parentheses are a pair of curved marks that you put around words or numbers to indicate that they are additional, separate, or less important.

pronunciation 발음

-The pronunciation of a word or language is the way in which it is pronounced.

channel 수로, 운하

rapidly 빨리. 급속히

-A rapid change is one that happens very quickly.

path 작은 길

-A path is a long strip of ground which people walk along to get from one place to another.

ridge 산등성이

- A ridge is a long, narrow piece of raised land.

peak 뾰족한 끝, 절정

-The peak of a process or an activity is the point at which it is at its strongest, most successful, or most fully developed.

current 현재의, 흐름

-A current is a steady and continuous flowing movement of some of the water in a river, lake, or sea.

separate 분리하다

-If one thing is separate from another, there is a barrier, space, or division between them, so that they are clearly two things.

inlet 입구

-An inlet is a narrow strip of water which goes from a sea or lake into the land.

refer 언급하다

- If you refer to a particular subject or person, you talk about them or mention them.

territory 영토

-Territory is land which is controlled by a particular country or ruler.

crack 갈라진 틈

-If something hard cracks , or if you crack it, it becomes slightly damaged, with lines appearing on its surface.

gorge 골짜기, 협곡

-A gorge is a deep, narrow valley with very steep sides, usually where a river passes through mountains or an area of hard rock.

canyon 깊은 협곡

-A canyon is a long, narrow valley with very steep sides.

mass 큰 덩어리, 다량

-A mass of things is a large number of them grouped together.

occur 일어나다, 발생하다

-When something occurs , it happens

deposit 두다, 예금하다

-A deposit is a sum of money which is part of the full price of something, and which you pay when you agree to buy it.

eject 쫓아내다, 축출하다

-If you eject someone from a place, you force them to leave.

artificial 인공적인

-Artificial objects, materials, or processes do not occur naturally and are created by human beings, for example using science or technology.

meridian 정오

-A meridian is an imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole.

residential 주거의

-A residential area contains houses rather than offices or factories.

Rocks and minerals

What is made up of minerals?

Explain, two types of igneous rocks and their grains.

Where are sedimentary rocks left?

When are metamorphic rocks changed?

Where are minerals used?

igneous 불의, 화성의

-In geology, igneous rocks are rocks that were once so hot that they were liquid.

sedimentary 침전물의

-Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediment left by water, ice, or wind.

metamorphic 변성의

texture 직물, 조직, 구성

-The texture of something is the way that it feels when you touch it, for example how smooth or rough it is.

coarse 조잡한, 열등한

-Coarse things have a rough texture because they consist of thick threads or large pieces.

garnet 석류석

-A garnet is a hard, shiny stone that is used in making jewellery. Garnets can be red, yellow, or green in colour. N-COUNT

cement 시멘트

-Cement is a grey powder which is mixed with sand and water in order to make concrete.

gradually 점차

-If something changes or is done gradually , it changes or is done in small stages over a long period of time, rather than suddenly.

pebble 조약돌, 자갈

-A pebble is a small, smooth, round stone which is found on beaches and at the bottom of rivers.

alternative 양자택일, 대안

-If one thing is an alternative to another, the first can be found, used, or done instead of the second.

expose 드러내다

-To expose something that is usually hidden means to uncover it so that it can be seen.

sculpture 조각, 무늬

-A sculpture is a work of art that is produced by carving or shaping stone, wood, clay, or other materials.

distort 뒤틀다, 왜곡하다

- If you distort a statement, fact, or idea, you report or represent it in an untrue way.

rate 비율

-The rate at which something happens is the speed with which it happens.

greasy 기름기 있는

-Something that is greasy has grease on it or in it.

polish 닦다, 윤내다

-Polish is a substance that you put on the surface of an object in order to clean it, protect it, and make it shine.

Summery

New language, new friends

See page 7, What can you know?

Which method is useful to learn about other language?

What is exchange program?

Why do many companies employ people who are able to speak more than one language?

opportunity 기회

-An opportunity is a situation in which it is possible for you to do something that you want to do.

share  몫, 분배하다

- A company's shares are the many equal parts into which its ownership is divided.

penfriend 편지친구

-A pen-friend is someone you write friendly letters to and receive letters from, although the two of you may never have met.

connect 연결하다, 잇다

-If something or someone connects one thing to another, or if one thing connects to another, the two things are joined together.

local 지방의

- Local means existing in or belonging to the area where you live, or to the area that you are talking about.

serve 섬기다, 시중들다

- If you serve your country, an organization, or a person, you do useful work for them.

direction 방향

-A direction is the general line that someone or something is moving or pointing in.

take part in ~에 참여하다

employ 고용하다

-If a person or company employs you, they pay you to work for them.

Summery