1.   Earth's secret treasure

Have you ever _________ of finding a ___________ in your __________?

An ______________ ______________, William Parker Foulke, did just that.  He found a _____________ in his friend's ____________________ .

The treasure Foulke found was not gold or ________.  Pirates did not ______ it.  It was buried __________ of years ago and became one of Earth's __________.  This __________ _____________ was the first _____________ _____________ ever found!  Foulke's ______________ _____________ happened in 1858 in Haddonfield. New Jersey.

Foulke was visiting a friend in new Jersey.  He told Foulke about an _______________ bone that had been _______  ____ behind his house twenty years _________.  Foulke, who liked to study _____________, was excited by the story.  He thought this bone could be from a long ____________animal.  Foulke hired a team of workers.  Throughout the summer of 1858, they dug in a pit of wet, ___________ __________.  After a lot of hard work, Foulke and his team unearthed the first partial ______________ of a ___________!  This first ____________ was a _________________, which is a plant-eating ____________.  Foulke's ___________ _________ was huge-about 30 feet long!

The world was shocked by the __________ of this __________ __________.  The _____________  was proof that _____________- had once __________.  People began to understand that Earth was _____ older than they had thought.  They began to _____________ that different kinds of life _________ on Earth ______________ of years before human beings.

People have only known about __________ for _______ than two hundred years.  Since 1858, many other ________________ have been found.  Many ________ now have dinosaur ___________.  However, Foulke's ___________ was the first.  It changed the way people think about Earth, history, and __________.

2.    What are those rings?

What do you think about when you look at the stars?  Some of these _____________ bodies are really ______________.  One ___________ in our solar system has been a ____________ for many years.  That _________ is ____________.

In 1610, Galileo was the first person to see ___________' rings.  _____________' _________ rings ___________ his attention.

Galileo was a great ________________ and the first to use a ___________.  This early ______________ was not very powerful.  He thought the rings were moons on ________ side of the ________.

Stronger _______________ showed that what Galileo thought were moons were really rings. A ________________ were ____________ by the rings.  What __________ were they made of?  Where did they come from?

The _________ ________ is a ____________.  The _________ is like a large, round ball filled with very light gases.  _______________ thought the rings were made of gas, too.

About twenty years ago, two __________ ________ _________,named ________ 1 and _________ 2, traveled through our _________ system.  They sent back wonderful ___________________.  __________________ counted over 1,000 ________ that make up ________,s rings!  They discovered that the rings were not made of gas.  They were made of ice crystals and rock dust, which is _________ _________.  Matter is anything that takes up space-solids, ________,and gases are all forms of matter.

Scientists discovered that the rings __________ more than 400,000 miles ________ but are very ______.  They __________ about two miles in ________ from top to ______.  In some photos you can ________ see the rings at all.

We will learn more about ____________' rings in 2004.  That is when another space ________ , named __________, will _________ through the rings for the first time.

What new _______________ do you think this __________ _________ might find?

3. Roosevelt saves the Earth

Some of the most beautiful places in the United States belong to everyone.  These places are our _______________ ___________.

We have many _______________ __________ because of Theodore Roosevelt.  Roosevelt was the 26th _______________ of the United states.  He was born in New York City in 1858.  Roosevelt became the youngest ______________ in 1901.

Roosevelt was a ____________, _____________ war hero, and Nobel Peace Prize winner .  He was a ____________ lover also.  In 1883, he visited North Dakota.  He liked it so much he moved there and became a ______________. He had a big farm with many ______________.

In North Dakota, he saw bad ________________ around him.  ____________ of _____________ had _________________ because of hunting and ______________.  ______________ were being _______________ as a ______________of ________________ by cattle.  This was a ______________ since ________________ are the home of ________________, such as ___________ and small animals.

Roosevelt felt a deep _________________ to the land and animals.  When he became ________________, he had the power to help.  Roosevelt ___________ the United States Forest Service.  He __________ _______ five ______________ ____________, 55 _____________ ____________,and 150 national _______________.

These were safe place for land and animals.  People were not _____________ to hunt or _________ ________ trees.  He signed a low that named eighteen national ______________ also.  These _____________ , __________, and parks ______________ great Americans.

There is a _____________ _______ that ___________ this great _____________.

Theodore Roosevelt _____________ _________ in North Dakota ___________ his _________________ work. It is in the _______________ of North Dakota.  The beauty of the park  _______________ thousands of ________________ every year.  The ____________ ________ help people _______________ the good things that _______________ Theodore Roosevelt did for the _____________.                          4. The Wall of Names

The Vietnam _____________ _____________ in Washington D.C. is a sad but beautiful work of art.  It ___________ and remembers the _____________ who died in the Vietnam War, a ___________ that ____________ American in the 1960s and 1970s.  Maya Lin, a 21-year-old ____________________ student, won a _______________ design  contest ____________ 1,500 other ___________.

She was given the job of designing the ________________, often called "The Wall."

The wall is made of ____________ black _____________.  Two large piece ______________ on the earth and meet at an ________________, forming a V.

The _________ of the V ___________ the other ________________ around it.   Lin has ______________ that she sees the _______________ as a part of the earth.  At the highest point, the walls is over 10 feet _______.  ____________'s names are ____________ into the wall in white.  Names are listed in a __________ _________.  This gives each ___________ his or her Place in ____________ and ________________.

The Vietnam ____________ ____________ is now the most visited piece of ____________ art in the country.  More than one million people come each year.  They _____________ flowers, notes pictures, toys, and _____________.  There is paper there for people to make _____________ of the Names.  Large books _______ visitors where on the _________ each name can be found.

Though Lin is most famous for The Wall,  she has done other ____________.  She _____________ a civil rights ________________ in Montgomery, Alabama.  Water flows over a table ____________ with the words of Martin Luther King, Jr    Lin also _____________ two big earth art ___________ in the Midwest,  " __________ __________" and " ______________."

Today, she works as an _______________ and __________________ designer in New York.  But Lin will always be _________________ as the young and _______________ ______________ of The Wall.

5. Hanging Roots and Rainbow Trees

____________! Welcome to Hawaii!  our 50th ____________ is a long chane of ____________ in the middle of the _________________ ______________.  It is one of the most ___________ places on Earth.  Visitors come to __________ for its colorful and ______________ plants, deep rain forests, ________________, beaches, and its many ______________ or _____________ trees.

Two of these trees are found on the _____________ of Maui.  One kind of tree is called the _____________.  The largest is the town of Lahaina.  When the ____________ __________ was planted in 1873, it was only 8 feet tall.  Today this same tree is about 50 feet tall.  The ___________ around the ___________, which is the _____________________, is almost ________ __________of a mile!  This is because the Lahaina tree has grown twelve main ___________.  All ____________ trees grow _____________ _________.  Roots grow from the middle of the ___________ and hang down to the __________.  These roots grow up into more and more ____________ trunks.  The tree gets wider and wider!

The rainbow _________________is an unusual tree found in the __________ ____________ of Maui.  Because of the amount of ____________________ and warm _______________, these trees grow to be very big very fast.  A full-grown rainbow _________________ can reach 200 feet high in 60 years!

Their ____________ are ___________ and can grow as wide as 8 feet.  These trees are ______________ to the nose and ____________ to the eye.  ________________ have a wonderful ______________ but what's more amazing is the tree's ____________.  When the outer bark ___________ ___________, __________________ bark is shown.  The colors are ____________ and beautiful.  It's like nothing you've ever seen.

Maybe one day you will get a chance to visit this ________________ paradise.  In the _________________, aloha! Hope you have enjoyed your short visit.

6. X-Ray Vision

Have you ever seen an ___________ ?  Maybe you have had one yourself.  You _______________ know that an x-ray takes an ___________ of a person's _______________ _______________, or bones.  X-ray are very useful.  Doctors use them to see if a person has a bone _______________ or a ____________ rib.  Dentists use them to if a tooth has a hole.  They are used in airports for _______________, too.  X-ray can _______t metal objects in ______________.

An x-ray is _____________ when an ___________ _____________ passes through  special glass ________ called a _____________ tube.  ____________ rays come out of the tube.  The rays can go through ___________ but are stopped by metal or bone.  The __________ ____________ leaves an image or picture on ________________ film.

Like many ______________, the ______________ of the x-ray was _______________.  Wilhelm Roentgen, the __________ , was ____________ an experiment when he made the ________________.  He had covered a __________ tube with black paper. _______________ noticed that a new type of ray passed through the tube's covering.  It showed _____________ of solid ___________.  One of the first x-rays _____________ took was of his wife's hand.  It showed the ___________ of her hand and a __________ ring she was wearing.  Roentgen  called them x-ray because he did not know what they where.  The "x" meant ______________.

Roentgen's discovery was a medical _____________________.  Before the X-ray, doctors would cut people open to see if bones were ______________.

Now there was a better way.  Soon doctors all over the world were using __________.  Roentgen won a __________ ___________ for this great ________________.  The x-ray is one of the most widely used ________________ in the world.

8. Snow Birds

Imagine living in a place that is _____________ covered in ice!  Such a place actually exists.  It's _________________ - home of the coldest _________ on Earth.  _________________ there can sink down to - 128℉.  ____________ is the southern-most ________________ and sits over the South Pole.  ___________ the cold, some scientist live there, and many animals call it home.

As many as 24 million ____________ swim to ____________________ every year.  Penguins are the most ______________ of all birds.  _________________ is key to _____________.  One group of _____________ can __________ in the thousands.

Penguins looks like little men in _____________ __________.   Their suits ____________ these birds well.  The black and white colors make penguins almost _______________ to _______________ from above and below.  Their _________ feather are ____________________.  A thick layer of fat _______________ them from the cold.  This ________________ keeps them ____________ warm.

Although they are birds, ________________ do not fly - their _________ are too solid and heavy.  The heavy bones give penguins the _____________ to __________ deeply __________________.

Penguins spend most of their time in the water looking for food.  Penguin's small wings and ____________________ shape enable them to swim very fast.  They use their wings like _______________ and their feet like _______________.

Penguins raise their young on land.  Most ______________ of penguins build nests.  The _________ may be nothing more than a ___________ of rocks on the ice.   ______________ penguins build no _____________.  Instead, they hold the egg on top of their feet.  They __________ the egg under a _____________ fold of skin!

Penguins are like no other bird in the world. They love to live in Earth's _______________ _____________.  Their many numbers prove that Penguins have ______________ to life on ice!

9. Brain Power

You've _______________ heard the saying "knowledge is power."   One man who applied that saying to his life with great _______________ _______________.  Douglass lived in a time of _________________.  as a child in Maryland, he was forced to work on a __________________, or a large farm.  He suffered ____________  treatment by the ________________ owners.

Douglass did not let this ______________ life break his ____________.  He had ___________________.  He wanted a better life.  At an early age, Douglass _____________ learned to read.  He knew that _____________ would be the key to his _____________.

In 1838,  Douglass ran away from Baltimore, Maryland to New York City.  In one day, he became a free man.  Douglass was ______________ to gain ___________ and _____________ for all.

Douglass spoke powerfully about ________ _________ all over the country.  He wrote newspaper _____________ about the _____________ conditions of _____________.  His _______________ served him well.  People were _____________ with Douglass and he gained many __________________.

Douglass was active in the __________________ _____________.  His home in Rochester. NY was a stop for _______________ ____________.  The Underground Railroad was made up of people who provided ______________, safe places for __________________ to stop on their flight to ______________;

_______________ escaped to northern states and to Canada.

Women at that time did not have _______ __________ and could not __________.  Douglass worked hard for women's rights also.  His efforts in _________ _________ won him the __________ of important people.  Douglass served as an _____________ to presidents.

Douglass is an _______________ man in American _____________.  He ____________ the hardest of beginnings  and became an _____________ leader.  He never gave up the fight for _______________.  Many people today have lived that are richer in ________________ because of Frederick Douglass.

10. Lizards' Best Defences

It would be ________________ to call anyone a __________________ _______________.  Or would it?  first of all, there are over 3,000 ____________ of _____________ in the world.  That's the largest group of all   ________________ .  Being ________________ only means ______________ cannot  control their body ________________.  they depend on the sun's _____________ ____________ to heat them.  To cool off, they hide in the ______________.

_______________ also have some pretty _______________  method of ___________.  One type can ______________ blood from holes in its eyes.  Another kind can hide __________________ for a long time.  Still another can hang upside down from a ______________.

A _____________'s tail is very handy to its ____________.  Some ___________ use their tails like a ___________ to scare off a __________________.  They _________________!  A ____________ can grow a new tail!    An animal that wants to eat a _______________ often ____________ its tail.  When the ____________ tail falls off, it can ________________.  The ___________ is left holding the tail.

This _________________ ____________ does not last long.   The new tail grows back pretty _______________.  it can also break off and be ___________ again and again.  _______________ often have many tails during their lifetimes.

Some _______________ use _________________ to hide from an enemy.  They _____________ or look like other animals, objects, plants.   _______________, a type of  ________________, change their color to _________________ themselves.  A ________________ can turn brown to match a _______.  If it sits on ____________, it can turn green.  The ________________ blends in!

So next time you're thinking unkindly of the _____________, think again.  It could be __________ to hang from a ______________ or __________ _________.

With their ____________ to ________________, they are far ahead of us!

11. A Camera You Can Swallow

Imagine putting a camera the size of a ________ on your tongue and _______________ it!  This is  a new _____________ that _____________ doctors to see inside  your ____________ __________!  The picture are sent from the camera to a computer.  These picture enable doctors to ___________ illness and _______________ inside the body.

We can see some of the ____________ ___________.  We a\start to ________ food in our mouths.  The teeth, ________ and _________ start the _____________ process ________________.  The _________ up food is ___________ down the ______________ or food pipe.  The ____________ camera takes pictures of the _______________.  Nothing is wrong here, and the next stop is the ___________.  In this __________, food is broken down and mixed with _____________ _________ and _________.  The camera sees nothing wrong in the _____________.  Then the camera travels on to the _________ _____________.  Here, the food is broken down  into tiny pieces.  The ______________ from the food that keep our body health are taken away through the __________ ___________.  The camera finds nothing wrong in the _________ ____________.  On to the ___________ ____________ where water is removed from the food.  The doctor __________ the pictures from the camera.  The last stop for the ____________ food is the ______________ system.  The camera leaves the body with the ______________ and is _____________ down the toilet.  The picture taking stops.

Before this amazing camera, doctors had to ____________ on a person just to see what was wrong inside.  This "_______" camera is easier for _________ and __________.  Modern science works to find better ways of _____________ our health.  However, most people would not want their food in ________ _________.  Food tastes good and is too much fun to eat!

12. Making Art Speak

The Great Wall of China is probably the world's most famous wall.  But there is a great wall here in the United States, too.  Judy Baca, a ___________ artist _________-____________ for her colorful ___________, painted The Great Wall of Los Angeles.  This ___________ is half a mile long!  It took five summers to ______________, from 1978-1983.  Forty teachers and 40 _____________ artists worked on the project.  So did 400 youths, many of them gang members.  The __________ shows the _____________ __________ who have lived in California from long ago through the 1950s.

Baca's Mexican ___________ shaped her as an artist.  Her grandfathers were Mexican ______________ who settled in Colorado.  Baca spoke only Spanish when she was young.  She discovered ___________ as a child.  She _________ to art when she couldn't understand the lessons at school.  Baca studied ____________ making in Mexico, and began to use to help her _______________.

Baca's painting show women, people of Mexican  ___________, and other __________ __________ that suffer from ____________________.  By painting their _____________and their ___________, Baca gives these groups a voice.   Along with their large scale, Baca's painting are full of strong _____________ and powerful _______________.

Baca has also put together  The World Wall: A vision of the Future without Fear.  This _________is in seven pieces, and can be easily moved.  The painting address war, understanding, and peace between different __________ groups.  As the project ____________ around the world, seven artists from different countries will add long, narrow ____________ to the _____________.

As well as working as an ___________,  Baca helped start a group that brings people together to make art.  She believes the act of working ____________ in this way helps people understand  ________ __________ and _______ __________ better.

13. Waste Not!

Think about a world without plants and animals.  It's probably hard to ____________.  Sadly, many plants and animals are dying because of ________________.  the ______________ amount of waste we ____________ is huge problem.

A major cause of _______________ is how we get rid of our ___________.  ______________ are one way we do this.  ________________, or dumps, are big openings in the ground filled with _________________.

_________________ present many problems.  One _______________ is that we are running out of room for them.  A bigger ____________ is that they contain ________________.  _______________ are from everyday things like ________________ cleaners, paints, and motor oil.  _______________ are not ________ _________.  Chemicals often ________ into nearby land and water.  Water becomes ___________ to use.

Another cause of _____________ is _______________.  __________________ burn trash.  Burning or heating anything creates a ______________ __________.

A product of ___________________ is smog and smoky ___________.  The ________ is _______________ into the air and creates _______ ________.  This _____________ rain bath harms all ______________, or natural life.  Many ___________ are dying because of ________ _________.

This problem is not ______________.  Every _______________ can do its part to carefully get rid of __________ and ____________.  ___________ paper, plastic and metal cuts down on ____________.  Another way help is to make a _______________ pile.  _____________ includes food ___________, grass clippings, and leaves.  Insects and worms are the _________________ that make the ___________.  They break __________ _______________ down.  The rich _____________ is then used to ________________ the soil naturally.

It is not easy in our modern world to control ____________.  We have to think about __________, ______________, or reducing what is thrown away.

By doing these things, we can limit _________________ and keep our  ___________ cleaner.

Word bank

1.  backyard       geologist       millions         dinosaur        skeleton

discovery       fossils         extinct          creature        existed

2.  brilliant        astronomer     telescope       elements       gas giant

sphere        space probe       solid          matter          voyage

3.  national park     president      rancher      consequence      wildlife

responsibility      refuges     monuments    conservation      tourists

4.  soldiers       war        divided          architecture        polished

angle       faces         etched           time line           public

5.  islands      scenic        original         circumference      numerous

rain forest    precipitation   weather      eucalyptus    rainbow-colored

6.  x-ray       image       skeletal system       fracture         suitcases

electric current    flesh      accidental      inventor       breakthrough

8.  climate        continent         social         invisible        insulates

blubber        ability         streamlined       region          adapted

9.  slavery       plantation        cruel         determination     education

civil rights    underground railroad    runaway     freedom     history

10. coldblooded      species      reptiles       thermal energy      defense

regenerate     escape      physical change     mimicry      camouflage

11. digestive system     disorders      digest       esophagus      stomach

acids      small intestine      nutrients       blood vessels     leftover

12. well-known     murals      complete       assistant       ethnic groups

heritage      immigrants     characters       emotions          panels

13. pollution    landfills      household      incinerators    chemical change

soot        organic       recycle          compost         decomposers