1. Unusual Fish-Lungfish

_____________ do not ____________ like most other fish you know. Most fish ____________ through ________ in their _________ called __________.  Lungfish breathe through their __________ _____________. (This __________ keeps fish __________ __________ or _____________ upward.)  In fact, gills are _______________ to them. If you hold lungfish _______________ too long, they will _____________.

Four ____________ of lungfish live in _______________ and ______ in South America.  They live in _______________ _______________, lakes, and ___________ ___________ in _____________ and marshes.  Some are quite _____________, growing up to _________ _________ in ____________.

Lungfish can ___________________ out of ___________.  When their watery home ________________ in the summer, they __________ into the _______ and stay there _________ the __________ come. This is called ___________________.  Other ______________--or animals with _______________ like some _____________--live through __________, _______ periods this way. So do some _____________ and _____________.

African lungfish make a ____________ of _______ and __________ produced by their ____________. Their _________________ and other body processes ________________. They live off _______________, an important __________________, stored in their ______________. They breathe slowly through their ___________ at a little ________________ in the ______________.  When the ________ comes, the cocoon _______________, and the lungfish _________________.

Baby lungfish, which ______________ from _________ during the __________ season, look and act much like _____________, (which are baby __________ and ___________).  ____________ lungfish _______ the eggs.  ______________ male lungfish _____________ the babies ________ they're ready to _____________ _____________ to live on their own.

Lungfish, like _____________, are _______________ ________________. They love __________, ___________ food.  They eat ________________ from small fish and other water animals _____ ______________.  It _______________ its _________ quickly, with strong ___________ and ______________ teeth.  A lungfish ____________ _______ from ___________________ is like a ___________ waking up from ___________________.  They are _______________ and ________________.  No one wants to be a _________ for this fish.  So, stay ___________ from this _______________ ________________!

2. On Coronado's Trail

Have you ever ____________ the _____________ "throw down the _______________"? A ____________ is a ____________ glove worn by ______________ and _________________ dressed in ______________.  Not too long ago, a ____________ farmer ______________ a gauntlet. ______ ___________ he thought it was _______________-_____ fence ______________.  Then he realized it was an _________ ___________ ____________.  He __________ it to a ________________ for $_____________.

____________________ in Texas went to the farmer's ____________.  They dug up ____________ __________, _____________ crossbow tips, and other metal _______________.  They ________________ that these pieces were very old--about ___________ _______________ years old.  They were from the _______________ of the Spanish _________________ Francisco V□squez de Coronado.

Coronado was __________ in Spain in ___________.  Like many young men, Coronado ______________ to _________ a life of world __________________.  He went to Mexico, _________ Spain was building a new ____________.  A ____________ ruled this new ___________, called New Spain.  At least one ___________________ taught _______________ to the Native Americans.  Coronado was ________________ _____________ of a western _________________.

____ 1540, the viceroy heard _____________ of the _______________ Seven Cities of Gold in the _____________.  He appointed Coronado to lead an ______________ exploration to ___________ them.  Coronado and ______________ soldiers traveled __________ what are now Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and ______________.  All he ___________ was tall ____________ and the Pueblo __________ of Native Americans.  These cities of gold never _________________.  They were only _________________: stories _____________ _________ one to _______________.

As part of _______________, Coronado was a ______________ _____________________.  The ____________ he took became the Santa Fe __________.  The native people and ____________ he _______________ along the trail became part of the Spanish _________________.  He kept ____________ ___________ about what he saw in his ________________.  The ___________ objects found in the ______________ field are _____________ links to this __________________ from so _______ ago.

3. The LADY's SLIPPER and the BEE

Manitoba, Canada, is a great __________ for _____________ trips.  Travelers on ______________ trails, ______________ their canoes, and at __________________ often see an ____________-looking _____________called the pink lady's _____________.  It is not ___________________.  The lady's slipper is a _______________ ____________!

The world is ___________ ________ _____________ traps.  ________________ trap insects with their ___________ and _________________.  Insect-eating flowers _________________ their _________ and _____________ at leisure.  The pink lady's slipper is not ___________________.  It lets its _________________ ______, but not before it has gotten ___________ it ____________.

The pink lady's slipper _______________ _______ a large _____________ of orchids called Cypripedium (sip ruh PEE dee um).  This __________ ____________ many kinds of _____________, including the small white lady's slipper _____________ ___ North America.  These flowers are named __________ their lower ___________, which looks like a _____________ slipper.  ____________ are _______________ to these sweet-smelling flowers in their _____________ for _____________ to make ____________.

A bee enters a _________________ from the __________.  It soon ______________ it has been ____________!  The _____________ of the lady's slipper has _________ nectar.  To ____________ the lady's slipper, the bee has to ___________ ___________ a small opening at the _______________.  As it craws along, ____________ that it _____________ ________ from another flower _________ _______ its back.  The bee picks up new _____________.  The lady's slipper _____________ _______ this pollen ___________ to _________________.  That is _________ it ___________ bees.

The usual _______________ between most flowers and insects _________________ ___________.  Bees exchange ___________ for _____________.  However, the lady's slipper/bee ________________ is a _____________ of time for the bee.  Once a bee learns that the lady's slipper offers ______ ____________, it does not _____________. _______________ for the lady's slipper, there is always a ______________ of young bees waiting _____ _______ ______________!

4. Haym Salomon: An Unlikely Hero

Think of some ____________ of the American ________________.  There's George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Paul Revere.  __________ ________ Haym (hi-yeem)Salomon?  ___________ __________ you've never ________ ____ him.  He didn't ___________ a single ___________, write a single improtant ___________, or hold ___________.  What __________ make him a _____________?

When the _________________ War ___________ _________, Haym Salomon was a recent __________________ to the colonies.  He had __________ Poland due to __________________ because he was _____________.  He traveled through Europe, learned _______________ and became a skilled _________________.  In those days, a _____________ might ______________ as a banker.  A broker might also __________ and ___________ government _____________--to help a country _______________ __________.  He also might ___________ in things like food, __________, or other ____________.

Salomon ____________ ______ New York around ___________ and ______ himself _____ in the broker business. ___________ freedom in his Polish ______________, he soon became _____________to join the _______________.  In New York and Philadelphia, he ___________________ himself to the ____________ of the Revolution.  His skills made him very ____________.

Haym Salomon became a ________________ member of the Sons of _____________, helping __________ _______________ among the patriots.  Twice he was ________________ by the British for ______________, a crime ______________ the government.  Both times he ________________ escaped ____________.  However, his main work was far ______________ the _____________.

War is ________________.  Without _____________, the patriots might ___________ __________ to give up the fight.  Salomon _______________ money from foreign governments and American _________________ so the _______________ against the British could _______________.

Salomon also __________ his own money to ____________________ and to the ___________________ government.  Salomon was never ______________ ___________ and he died in 1785 without a __________.  Perhaps, he felt his _____________ was this new nation _________________ _________ freedom and ______________ for all.

5. We've been Working on the Railroad

The California __________ _________ of 1849 and the _____________ of the American ___________ made the building of a ___________________ railroad a _____________.  California was ________________ _______ the East by thousands of miles of _______________ ________________: mountains, deserts, and ______________.  The two ______________ of the country had to be ___________________.  The __________ of thousands of Chinese ________________ this ______________.

___________________ workers arrived in California in ____________, along with the gold-seeking _______________________.  By 1864, the gold rush was ____________.  The gold _____________ and everyone else were ____________ _______ _____________.  The only _____________ labor _______________ was working on the railroad.  The first Chinese railroad workers ________ _____________ in 1865.

By far, the ____________________ and __________ ___________________ work was laying track ___________ the high, ____________ ______________ of the Sierra Nevada mountains.  Tunnels had to _______ ______________ into the rock with _______________.  The Chinese used ________________ they __________ ___________________ in China.  They _______________ themselves by _____________ in baskets along the _____________ of the steep ____________.  _______________ over the sides, they planted the _________________.

By the summer of ____________, the railroad ___________ ____________ the High Sierras.  _______ May _______, 1869, the ______________ Pacific and ______________ Pacific Railroads were to ___________ at Promontory, Utah.  A big ________________ was planned with ____________ bands and _________________ crowds.  A Chinese _______ was ____________ to lay the final ten miles of __________.  They _______________ the job in only ___________ hours.  The first ________________ chugged across the _____________ track to great celebration.

The ________________ and ____________ of the United States would ___________ ___________ _____________ by years without the ______________ of the Chines workers.  Only _______________ has their ____________ work in building the railroad been ______________.  People now realize __________ ___________ and ________________ Chines-American railroad workers were in the 1860s.

6. Ellen Ochoa Flying High

Ellen Ochoa was 10 years old in 1969 ___________ Neil armstrn took the __________ ___________ walk.  Although ______________ by that amazing _________, she did not think that someday she _____________ travel ________ ___________.  In 1969 _______ women were _______________.  Ellen didn't know ____________ she wanted to be when she __________ _______.  She was _______________ in _________ and science.  Ellen also loved ____________ and was a _______________ _________ player.

For Ellen, a ____________ in ____________ won out _________ music.  Ellen ______________ in _____________, which is the study of __________ and ____________, in college.  She went on to _____________ __________ for electrical engineering.  In 1983, when Sally Ride became the ____________ American ____________ astronaut, Ellen decided that the space program was _________ _________.  After ___________ graduate school, she ______________.

While waiting to ____ __________, she worked on ____________ used in space.  Her _____________ caught the eye of ___________, the government's space ___________, and in 1990 Ellen was _______________ into the astronaut _____________ program.

__________ years later, ___________ the space ___________ Discovery, became the first _____________ woman in space.  Her most important job was to ______________ the shuttle's 50-foot ___________ arm, which _______________ a ______________ into space.  The satellite gathered ___________ about the ____________, the outer layer of ___________ surrounding the sun.  It also observed the ____________ __________.  That's the stream of ________________ sent into space by __________ ____________, which are bursts of ___________ on the sun's surface, or _______________.

Now Ellen Ochoa works on the ______________.  Her job with NASA is to ___________ _______ _____________ with space shuttle crews.  She also has another job--______ a mother.  Still, she finds ________ to speak with Hispanic students and _____________ groups, telling them, "If you stay in school, you have the ___________ to ____________ what you want in the ______________."

8. Pyramids in the Rain Forest

When you think of ______________, does Egypt ________________ come to mind?  Do you think of _______________, endless _____________, _____________, and the River Nile?  ___________ Egypt was not the only place _____________ pyramid __________ over the landscape.  In Central America, where you'll find ________________ and mountains, the __________ built pyramids there.

________________ was an important part of Maya life, ______ it had been for Egyptians centuries ________________.  Their pyramids were ____________ ________ small _____________ for religious __________________.  ____________ and other important people were ____________ inside the pyramids.  ______________ were sometimes buried with them, too.  ________________ and eating _______________ might be ____________ with them for use in the _______________.

The Maya _______________ other interesting __________________, such as large, low houses for ____________ and ____________.  These had flat _____________ called __________ ___________, which made the buildings look very ___________.  The Maya also created beautiful paintings, _____________ and ________________.

Like the Egyptians, the Maya ____________ a richly _____________ and ____________ form of picture writing.  They kept _______________ on large ___________ and made books of paper from the __________ of ______ trees.  They kept detailed ______________ based on a year of 260 days.  They mad ____________ in _________, such as the use of a ___________ for __________.  In science, they ______________ ______________ of the Sun and Moon.

Most of what we know about ____________ _________________ is from __________________ who found the ______________.  The Maya civilization was powerful between about A.D. 250 and 900, in the _______________ rain ___________ of northern Guatermala.  Later, the society moved ___________ into Mexico and further ____________ into Central America.

What ______________ _____ the Maya?  Like many other great ________________, after they started to ___________ their power, ______________ soldiers came and _______ __________.  The Maya civilization _____________.  Like the Egyptians, what is left of the Maya ____ ________ in ___________ and in museums.

9. Juana's Thirst for Knowledge

In the ____________, many girls didn't usually ___________ ______ ___________.  But three-year old Juana Ines Ramirez didn't know that.  She _________ ___ _________ with books and read _____________ the many ______________ in her grandfather's library.  At six, Juana wrote her first ___________.  When she was 11, her grandfather died.  She went to Mexico City to live with an __________.  There, she _____________ her ______________.

In 1664, her aunt _____________ her to the court of the ______________ in Mexico City, who _____________ the ___________ ______________ for the Spanish king.  Juana became a ________________________ to the viceroy's wife.  Her __________ and beauty made her a ______________ with the _______________ at court.

Viceroys came and went.  Juana decided ________ ____ stay _______ _________.  There were ______ other job for women.  So Juana became a ________, taking the name Sor (sister) Juana Ines de la Cruz.

Many nuns take __________ agreeing to a life of ______________, but the ____________ where Sor Juana went to live was not very ____________.  Her living ______________ in the convent was a large apartment.  Her own ___________ library had thousands of books.  Many people visited her there.  The convent soon became the _______________ center of Mexico City.

Juana wrote poems, ___________, songs, ______________ articles, and tales for the __________ and the church.  She wrote songs and plays with _________ of _____________ and _________ for women.  However, Juana got into __________ __________ with a powerful ______________ about her ____________ in rights for women.  This was long ago when women had _________ _____________.  Not wanting to have more trouble, she _________ _____ writing.

Although she lived over 300 years ago, she was a writer, __________ and _____________. Juana today is _____________ ____ as an early _________________ for women's rights.

10. Jupiter's Comet

_______________ are dirty space _________________ that race through our ______________ system.  Their long ______________ _____________ from beyond the planet Pluto and ______________ the Sun.  When their path _________________ the Sun, they ______________ a long "___________" which is made of ________________ __________.  Rarely do comes pass by ______________.  If one does, it's for a very _____________ time.  Then the comet ________________ off into ______________ space.

One comet, however, passed too _____________ to the larges planet, Jupiter.  This was a ________________ for the comet.  It was ______________ to bits by Jupiter's strong __________________.  The comet was left in 21 ______________________.

These fragments circled __________________ for _____ ___________.  Then for six years, _____ ___________ of 1994, the fragments __________ Jupiter.  In all __________________, these fragments could not __________________ the strong __________ of Jupiter's _________________ any longer.

The fragments ______________ Jupiter on the ____________ facing away from Earth.  The Hubble Space Telescope picked up ________________ of the _________________ event.  Thousands of people on Earth were able to _________ them.  A single _______________ was usually between 1 and 2 ____________________ (5/8 to 1 1/4 miles) in __________________.  The _____________________ fragment struck Jupiter with __________________ energy.  The ___________________ created a hugh ________________ that rose far above Jupiter's ____________________.

The comet-Jupiter ___________________ had three separate __________________.  The ___________ was when the comet passed _________ Jupiter's __________________.  The comet _____________ ________ and __________________ into a fireball of very __________ gas.  The ____________________ phase was _____________ the gas and rock ___________________, rose, and ___________________.  The _____________ phase was when a _________________ of material from the comet and the __________________ fell ____________ toward Jupiter.  As with other _______________ space events, _________________ hope what they've learned from this comet will be one of the _____________ that _______________ the mysteries of the ____________________.

11. Wilma Rudolph-Running with Wind

____________ _______ in Clarksville, Tennessee, in the 1940s, Wilma Rudolph had to _________________ many __________________. Her family--with 22 children in all--was _____________.  ______ African Americans, their chances were _____________ by racial __________________.

When she was quite young, Wilma's _________ leg became ___________ after she was ___________ with ___________.  Years ago, polio was a ________________ illness that struck many young people.  Now there are _______________ that _____________ polio.

Wilma and her family made long __________ to the ________________ to get her help.  They gave her leg _______________________ and physical ________________.  Wilma had a strong ____________ to get ________________, too.  By the age of 12, she was walking ______________________.

Wilma decided to become an ____________________.  Her _______________ speed got ____________________.  The track _____________ from Tennessee State University saw her __________ and _______________ her to join a summer sports camp.  Then she ___________ a full ________________________ to _____________.  Her life as a ___________________ really took off.

As Wilma's running career _________________ _________________, there was no stopping her!  At the 1960 Olympics in Rome, she won ___________ medals _____ the 100-meter __________, 200-meter dash, and the _________-meter ___________.  In the relay ________, she was _________ to __________________ a bad _____________ pass.  She finished the race just _________-_________ of a second ________________ her own ______________ record.

Wilma ___________________ great things at ___________ in Clarksville, too.  When the ____________ wanted to ________________ her with a ______________ and a _____________, Wilma ___________________ to attend if it was _________________.  The mayor listened.  It was the first _______________ ____________ in Clarksville that allowed the _______________ of whites and African Americans.

Wilma went on to win many _____________, make ________________ tours, marry and have four children.  She was an _______________________ to the Goodwill Games in Senegal, Africa.  _____________________ her life was ________ ___________ in 1994 by a ___________ _____________.  Wilma's life of _____________________ is a story of success ________________ many _________________.

12. Tiny Worlds Through Glass

Using his tiny, __________________ microscopes, Antonie Van Leeuwenhook (LAY vin hook) made incredible _______________ in _________________.  He introduced the ______________ worlds of ___________ and _________________ to scientists around the world.  Science took a great _________ ____________ because of Leeuwenhoek's work.

Leeuwenhook  was not a __________________ _______________.  Until his mid-30s, he _________________ a busy ________________ store in the town of Delft, Holland.  He probably was ____________________ to the world of small things by ___________ a ___________________ ___________ to look at the ________________ of the cloth he sold.

A book about ______________________ caught his ________________.  He learned __________ ______ ___________ and ______________ his own lenses.  His simple microscopes were very small, only 3 ____ 4 inches __________.  The ______________ size lens was placed in a ___________ _________ in a brass _____________.  To look at something, he moved it under the lens ___________ a ___________ ____________.  By turning two _____________, he could __________________ its position and _____________.  This tiny microscope ____________ a lot of ______________ and _______________ to use.

_______________ microscopes magnified _____________ only about 20 or 30 _______________.  Leeuwenhook's microscopes _______________ an object 200 times! Over his _____________ of study, he made over 500 of these _________ microscopes.

Leeuwenhook plced all _____________ ______ things under his lens for __________________.  He looked at animal and plant ____________, ____________, and rocks.  He was the first _____ _____________ blood ___________.  He discovered bacteria and other tiny ______________ __________ called _______________.

Leeuwenhook became __________ _____________ for the scientific _______________ he discovered.  He did not draw but he ______________ everything very ______________ in words.  His ____________________ were _____________________ into many languages and he had _____________________ from all over the world.  One visitor was Czar Peter the Great of _______________.

Leeuwenhook showed the _______________ ruler how blood _______________ in the __________________ of an _________. When he died in 1723, at the age of ________, Leeuwenhook was _______________ among scientists all over the world.

13. Heartening News

With ___________ ______________, some parts of the human body can be _________________.  Worn out _____________ such as ______________, hips, and shoulders ___________ __________________ with new joints made of ____________ and _________________.  After _______________, patients can do thing they were not able to do _________ a ___________ ____________.  They can play sports, run and walk _________ ______________ and ______________ ___________.  They have their ______________ lives back.

On July 3, 2001, there was an amazing ___________________ in medicine.  A man received an __________________ ______________.  His new heart _______ ____________ ________ plastic and metal.  The new _____________-operated heart _________________ his own ___________________ heart.

The new heart has a ___________________ ______________ __________ a human heart.  It does what a natural _____________ heart does.  That is, it _____________ blood _____________________ the body.

Millions of people _________________ with a wide ________________ of heart problems.  However, only a small _________________, about 100,000, may need _______________ ______________.  A person needs another heart when the person's _____________ ______________ cannot pump ____________ through the ____________ and the rest of the body.  ____________ blood flow ________________ the amount of _________________ that is carried through the body and to the _______________.  The brain cannot work _______________ oxygen.

In the _______________ room, everything is well planned.  The _______________ must be _______________.  Surgeons do not __________________.  Blood vessels that need to be ___________________ to the new heart are _______________--the size of tiny wires.  Every ___________________ (1/1000 of a meter) counts.  A heart _______________ may take seven hours or more.  A team of about fifteen ______________________ and _____________________ doctors, nurses, and support staff ___________ ____________ _____ the operation.

The operation in 2002 was a __________________!  The patient _________________.  New ___________________ in __________________ give hope to people who have serious _________________.  The goal of medicine is to help people live _______________, _________________, and ________________ lives.