﻿<Lesson 1>
High School English I 
Lesson 1 Three Weeks to a Better Me 
Communicative Functions 
I’m thinking of starting a journal. 
Your habits can be changed if you try hard. 
Language Form 
 Flossing teeth is as important as brushing them. 
 I had almost forgotten to floss. 
Get Ready 
A Fill in the blanks with words that describe you. 
Me 
funny friendly patient 
shy relaxed smart 
logical rude lazy 
organized determined 
B Make a slogan using the words you chose. 
 1. Happy and Funny Jenny! 
 2. Smart or Logical Sally! 
 3. Rude bet friendly Eric! 
 4. 
Let's Communicate 1 | I'm thinking of starting a journal. 
A Listen In 
1. What do the following pictures show? 
 They are all about a . 
2. Which type of journal is not mentioned? 
B Listen & Do 
1. Which of these titles best fits the dialog? 
 Stay Healthy Stay Happy! 
 Tomorrow Is Too Late! 
 New School Year New Resolutions!
2. Listen again. What did Sally and Eric decide to do? 
 Eric 
 Doing exercise 
 Playing the guitar 
 Sally 
 Starting a journal 
 Reading many books 
C Speak Out 
Step 1 Here are some school festival posters. Read them, then make your own poster. 
 Latin Dance 
 Do you wanna dance? 
 You can learn exciting Latin dances. 
 The best dancer will be awarded music CDs. 
 Dance dance club 
 Become a Chinese King 
 Do you wanna be a king? 
 Wear king and queen's clothes. 
 All participants will get photos. 
 Chinese culture club 
 Face Painting 
 Are you bored with your face? 
 Get a new face! 
 Fairies, dogs, anything's possible! 
 All participants will get paint brushes. 
 F-stop 
 On Your Own 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about a club that you want to join. 
| Example | 
Chris: Which club would you like to join? We don’t have much time. 
Annie: I can’t decide. I’d like to do something really interesting. 
Chris: I’m thinking of going to Latin Dance. The poster says we can try Latin dances. 
Annie: That’s great. Hey, the best dancer will be awarded music CDs. 
Chris: Let’s go. Hurry up! 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the parts in purple. 
Not yet. But I’m thinking of reviewing travel journals. 
Then why don’t you start right now? 
Let's Communicate 2 | Your habits can be changed if you try hard. 
A Listen In 
1. What are you like? 
 1. Are you creative?				 
 2. Do you keep things where they belong?	 
 3. Do you work on a task until it is done? 	 
 4. Are you able to keep a secret? 		 
2. Which picture matches the dialog? 
B Listen & Do 
1. Complete the form. 
Name		Harry 
Grade/Class	first grade of high school/3 
Preferred Time	after lunch this Thursday 
Worries 		I can't easily. 
2. Listen again. Which pieces of advice are mentioned in the dialog? 
 Let others know you need a friend. 
 Invite people to your house. 
 Join a sports team. 
 Spend more time around people. 
C Speak Out 
Step 1 These are some benefits of keeping a journal. Which ones appeal to you? Add your own. 
 Help me clarify my goals. 
 Help me remember things. 
 Reduce stress. 
 Help me reflect on my life. 
 Sharpen my writing skills. 
 Help me know myself better. 
 Enhance my creativity. 
 Find solutions to my problems. 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about keeping a journal. 
|Example| 
Nari: Last night I read the journal I wrote when I was twelve. 
Brian: Did you? Why did you write it? 
Nari: It helped me know myself better. It also gave me a chance to reflect on my life. Do you keep a journal? 
Brian: No, writing isn’t my thing. I’d like to try it, though. 
Nari: Give it a try. Your old habits can be changed. 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the parts in purple. 
I thought you were a person who wants to be alone. 
Then you should let others know that you would like to be friends. 
Real Talk 
A Complete the cartoon with your own words. 
1 B: Do you have a motto that you believe in? 
2 G: Yes, I do. My motto is “Treat others the way you want to be treated.” 
3 B: Oh, I like that. Do you have any reason for choosing it? 
4 G: Well, my best friend often tells me that I don’t care enough about others. I want to be a better person to people around me. 
5 B: That’s great. Then, how can you be a better person? 
6 G: Um, I’m thinking of being nice to others and listening to them. 
 B: You will be off to a good start if you do as you plan. 
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. 
Before You Read 
A Which of these bad habits do you have?
Bad Habits 
OFTEN 
SOMETIMES 
RARELY 
Being late 
Telling lies 
Being untidy 
Shaking legs 
Biting your nails 
Saying bad words 
Not taking a shower 
Playing games too much 
Eating only what you want 
Result 
 Over 25 
 You don't have any bad habits to break. 
 Very impressive! 
 Between 25 and 15
 You've got a couple of habits to break. 
 Good luck! 
 Under 10 
 You have several bad habits to break. 
B Discuss your bad habits with a partner. 
Three Weeks To a Better Me 
 I really don’t remember how or where I heard that it takes just three weeks to form a good habit. But I do remember that I was excited by the prospect and, at the same time, doubtful. Still, I decided to try it. There was certainly plenty of room in my life for improvement. 
keep in mind 
What do you think will happen? 
 prospect doubtful certainly room improvement plenty of 
March 12th 
 About a month ago I went in for a dental check-up. Dr. Morgan had warned me that flossing teeth was as important as brushing them, and that if I didn’t begin flossing, my gum problems would get worse. I had been meaning to f loss regularly, but I kept putting it off. 
 So I decided to give this three-week method a try. The first day of flossing wasn’t a big deal, but by the fourth day it had become an annoying chore. I had almost forgotten to floss and regretted following this three-week method. But just past the first week, flossing became a bedtime routine. By the end of the three weeks flossing had become as natural as brushing my teeth. I was delighted. I had formed a good habit! If I could do it once, I could surely do it again, on a more challenging level. 
keep in mind 
Underline the subject matter of the paragraphs. 
 floss gum annoying routine delighted challenging put off 
April 20th 
 I had long meant to start eating more healthily — more fruits and vegetables, and fewer sweets and fast food. So I prepared a chart listing what I would eat and taped it to my wall. This helped me to prepare mentally. 
 During the first day, quite frankly, I felt miserable. By the fourth day my friends in the dorm had chosen cake and cookies for their snacks, and I was actually beginning to enjoy carrots and cucumbers. Also, I felt a new surge of self-esteem. At the end of the three weeks my habit had been set: Cravings for something sweet no longer dominated my actions, and I had lost five pounds. To reach for better foods seemed natural. Wow! This is work ing! But the real challenge lay ahead. I had been concentrating on physical habits. What about habits of the heart and mind? 
keep in mind 
What does "This is working!" in line 11 mean? 
 mentally miserable surge self-esteem crave dominate concentrate on 
May 25th 
 My roommate Rebecca and I had not been getting along well lately. We didn’t argue, but we hardly spoke. I knew that one thing that had led to this was my constant criticism of her. Unfortunately, I looked only at her faults and forgot to notice the positive things about her. 
 I made another three week chart and decided to try following it. Each day I would find one thing I liked about Rebecca and mention it to her. The first day, again, presented the greatest challenge. I noticed quite a few things I didn’t like about Rebecca. Why did she leave her snack containers out? How could she wear that awful shirt again? I had a difficult time coming up with anything positive. Wasn’t there anything good I could mention? Why, of course! I usually don’t go to bed until 1 a.m. and so I have difficulty waking up in the morning. Rebecca is a morning person and gets up at 6 a.m. “It’s nice to live with an early bird,” I said. My voice could hardly hide the effort I needed to say it. 
 Over the next few days, finding good things about Rebecca was as difficult as putting up with her untidiness. But as the three weeks continued, finding positive things about Rebecca came more easily. She deals honestly with everyone; she even says hello to the cleaning ladies. Why had I only seen the negative? 
keep in mind 
Underline the topic of May 25th diary. 
 constant criticism unfortunately awful effort untidiness honestly get along with lead to come up with put up with deal with 
June 20th 
 Over the past few months, I have learned that three weeks of focused concentration can help correct any bad habit. And so I decided to challenge my worst habit — not starting unpleasant work until the last minute. I tended to put off doing tasks such as cleaning my room, mailing packages, and homework for as long as possible. Sometimes, two or three different homework assignments got piled up and I had to struggle to meet deadlines. My habit was driving me crazy! So, I made a plan to break it. First, I made to-do lists and arrange my tasks in order of importance before starting the work. Second, I asked Rebecca to check up on me and see how I was doing with my tasks. If I spent too much time doing things such as watching TV, Rebecca would remind me of my lists. At first it was difficult because I was too focused on what I wanted to do, not what I needed to do. But over time and with concentration I found that I could focus more and more on what I needed to do. When I finally began finishing tasks before their deadlines, I felt fantastic! Once you experience that kind of feeling, you can easily continue completing the work you need to do first, before moving on to a more enjoyable hobby. 
keep in mind 
What was the plan for breaking the worst habit? 
 unpleasant assignment struggle complete 
 pile up meet a deadline remind of 
After You Read 
A Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. 
Before 
1. I did not floss. 
2. I ate sweets and fast food a lot. 
3. I my roommate constantly. 
4. I doing tasks as long as possible. 
After
I floss regularly. 
I eat food. 
I try to look at good things about the roommate. 
I could focus on what I needed to do. 
B Fill in the bubbles with the given phrases. 
 I have gum problems. 
 I don't like fruits and vegetables. 
 Why did she leave her snack containers out? 
 Do you floss every day? 
 How's it going with the homework? 
C What would the writer say after three weeks of being nice? 
 You're wearing that shirt again, Rebecca! 
 Don't forget to lock the door. 
 I'm leaving now. 
 Don't forget to lock the door. I'm leaving now. 
Language Lounge 
A Word Formation 
room
mate
roommate
untidy
ness
untidiness
class
classmate
happy
happiness
soul
soulmate
lazy
laziness
 My roommate Rebecca and I had not been getting along well lately. 
 They were soulmates in the truest sense. 
 Finding good things about Rebecca was as difficult as putting up with her untidiness. 
 He’s a nice guy, but his laziness bothers me. 
B Word Combination 
form
+
a habit
bedtime
+
routine
an impression 
work
an opinion 
school
 I heard that it takes just three weeks to form a good habit. 
 He tends to form opinions before he knows the facts. 
 But just past the first week, flossing became a bedtime routine. 
 They wanted to quickly return to their normal school routine. 
C Words in Context 
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three. 
 She booked a(n) with an ocean view. 
 Is there any for me in the car? 
 There was plenty of in my life for improvement. 
D Focus on Form 
1. Flossing teeth is as important as brushing them. 
 Nancy is as smart as her older sister, Cathy. 
 Although they are brothers, they are as different as night and day. 
2. I had almost forgotten to floss. 
 Don’t forget to turn the lights off when you leave. 
 I nearly forgot to call you back. 
Write It Out 
A Rewrite the sentences below. 
| Example | 
Today is windy like yesterday. 
→ Today is as windy as yesterday. 
1. She and her sister are the same height. 
→ She is tall her sister. 
2. Steve and his wife do an equal number of household chores. 
→ Steve does his wife. 
3. Jane is very busy. 
→ Jane is a bee. 
B Match (A) with (B) to make sense. 
 (A) (B) 
1. I forgot to lock the door. 
I paid an overdue fine. 
2. I forgot to bring an umbrella.
A thief broke into my house.
3. I forgot to set my clock last night.
I got soaked in the rain. 
4. I forgot to return the book to the library.
I was late for school. 
C Look at the pie chart and answer the questions below. 
 Resolutions for the New School Year 
 Starting a journal 
 Reading a lot 
 Exercising 
 Making friends 
1. Which resolution is the most popular among students? 
→ 
2. Which is the least popular? 
→ 
3. Which two are equally popular? 
→ 
D Complete the summary of the chart above. 
 “Making friends” is among Hanguk High School students. percent said that they would “Exercise.” “Reading a lot” is “Starting a journal.” 
E Complete the summary of the chart below. 
 How Well Students Keep Their New Year's Resolutions 
 Never 
 A little 
 Sometimes 
 Often
 Almost always 
 Always 
The percentage of those who responded “Never” is as low as that of “Often.” 
Work Together | Three-week project 
Step 1 Get in groups of 4-5. How can you improve the classroom environment in three weeks? Pick a topic from below or create your own.
 Improving 
 the classroom 
 friendships 
 learning 
Step 2 Make a three-week action plan with your group members.
 | Example | 
 Improving friendships
 1. Say hi to classmates.
 2. Listen to others.
 3. Be supportive of each other.
 4. 
 5. 
Step 3 Present your group's plan to the class. 
Around the World 
A The following proverbs show the difficulties of habit-breaking. Find some more Korean proverbs. 
 Mexican Proverb 
 A tree that grows crooked will never be straightened. 
 Russian Proverb 
 A habit is a shirt that we wear till death. 
 Hungarian Proverb 
 A habit is first a wanderer, then a guest, and finally the boss. 
 English Proverb 
 Old habits die hard. 
 Korean Proverb 
 A habit formed at three lasts until eighty. 
 On Your Own 
B Create your own proverb about habits. 
 Habits will always follow you. 
Check It Yourself 
A Listening 
Answer the questions. 
1. What are the speakers talking about?
 Going to a rock festival
 Taking a picture
 Joining a club
 Posting a picture on the Internet 
2. What do the speakers have in common?
 They started a club.
 They passed an audition for singing.
 They went to the same middle school.
 They play a musical instrument.
B Speaking 
Look at the pictures below and tell a story based on them. You will be given 2 minutes to prepare your answer. 
C Reading 
Which is the best title for the passage? 
I had long meant to start eating more healthily — more fruits and vegetables, and fewer sweets and fast food. So I prepared a chart listing what I would eat and taped it to my wall. This helped me to prepare mentally. 
During the first day, quite frankly, I felt miserable. By the fourth day my friends in the dorm had chosen cake and cookies for their snacks, and I was actually beginning to enjoy carrots and cucumbers. Also, I felt a new surge of self-esteem. At the end of the three weeks my habit had been set: Cravings for something sweet no longer dominated my actions, and I had lost five pounds. To reach for better foods seemed natural. Wow! This is working! But the real challenge lay ahead. I had been concentrating on physical habits. What about habits of the heart and mind? 
 Top 10 Vegetables for a Healthy Diet 
 How I Changed My Eating Habits 
 The Best Ways to Organize Your Week 
 How to Reduce Sugar in Your Diet 
D Writing 
Write about one of your bad habits. Include the following information: 
 What it is 
 When it started 
 How you will handle it 
Scripts 
Lesson 1 Three Weeks to a Better Me 
Let's Communicate 1 p.10 
A Listen In 
M: Sally, where are you going? 
W: I’m going to the library. I need to search for more information about idea journals. How is your project going? Have you decided on a topic? 
M: Not yet. I’m thinking of reviewing travel journals. 
W: That’ll be interesting. 
B Listen & Do 
W: Hi, Eric. I’m glad we’re in the same class again. 
M: Me too! So, do you have any big goals for this year? 
W: Well, I’m thinking of starting a journal. I’d like to make this school year different from the years past. 
M: That’s a good idea. You seem to have grown up. I should do something to improve myself, too. 
W: If I were you, I’d do something good for your health. Last winter you came down with a cold twice. 
M: Something good for my health? All right. I’ll start exercising tomorrow. 
W: Are you going to start working out? I thought you liked reading books more than exercising. 
M: Yeah, but I’ve been thinking about doing some exercises to build up my muscles. 
W: Then why don’t you start right now? When it comes to exercising, there is no “I’ll start tomorrow.” Let’s run home together. 
M: Come on, Sally! 
Let's Communicate 2 p.12 
A Listen In 
M: I can’t find my glasses. Where could they be? 
W: Again? Think back. 
M: Whenever this happens, I make up my mind to be more organized. But it doesn’t last long. 
W: Your habits can be changed if you try hard. 
B Listen & Do 
B: I’d like to make as many friends as possible this year. 
W: Oh, really? I thought you were the type of person who wants to be alone. 
B: No, I’m not. I just don’t talk much. I’m shy. 
W: Then you should let others know that you would like to be friends. 
B: How can I do that? 
W: How about inviting people to your house? 
B: But I don’t want others to come to my place. I’m not ready to do that yet. 
W: Ok, but you might want to spend more time around people if you want to make friends. 
B: I’ll try. 
W: Your shyness can be overcome if you hang out with people more often. 
B: Thanks, Ms. Kim.
Real Talk p.14 
1 B: Do you have a motto that you believe in? 
2 G: Yes, I do. My motto is “Treat others the way you want to be treated.” 
3 B: Oh, I like that. Do you have any reason for choosing it? 
4 G: Well, my best friend often tells me that I don’t care enough about others. I want to be a better person to people around me. 
5 B: That’s great. Then, how can you be a better person? 
6 G: Um, I’m thinking of being nice to others and listening to them. 
 B: You will be off to a good start if you do as you plan. 
Check It Yourself p.28 
A Listening 
B: What’s up, Minju? 
G: Oh, I’m thinking of joining one of the clubs posted here on the board. 
B: I didn’t know our school had that many clubs. Which looks best to you? 
G: Playing the guitar sounds like fun. What about you? 
B: Well, joining the rock band would be cool. 
G: Hey, we have something in common. What instrument do you play? 
B: I played the drums in the school band when I went to middle school. 
G: Did you? Then let’s join the rock band together. I’ll play the guitar and you’ll play the drums. It’ll be fun. 
B: Wait a minute. There’s an audition for the part. 
G: When is the audition? Should I practice? 
B: It’s on the day after tomorrow. Let’s go get ready! 
<Lesson 2>
High School English I 
Lesson 2 Rhyme Around Us 
Communicative Functions 
Do you see what I mean? 
What’s the secret of doing that? 
Language Form 
 That’s what creates rhyme. 
 It’s fun to repeat the same sounds. 
Get Ready 
A Listen to the Doremi song and match the notes with the pictures below. 
doe tea ray sew 
B Sing along and talk about what makes this song entertaining. 
Row, row, row your boat 
Gently down the stream 
Merrily, merrily, merrily, merrily 
Life is but a dream. 
Let’s Communicate 1 | Do you see what I mean? 
A Listen In 
1. What are these three people all doing? 
→ They are telling a . 
2. Choose the right cartoon for the dialog. 
B Listen & Do 
1. Choose the topic of the dialog. 
 How people started storytelling 
 How people invented letters 
 How to become a good writer 
2. Listen again. Complete the notes. 
For the ancient people 
Problem : Without letters, they couldn’t ( ) to record their history. 
Solution : They relied on ( ) for passing stories. 
Better Solution : To remember a story, they made it into a ( ). 
C Speak Out 
Step 1 Here are some interesting festivals. Match (A) with (B). 
(A) 
Chuncheon International MIME Festival 
Busan International MAGIC Festival 
Jeonju International SORI Festival 
(B) 
Entertaining the audience with tricks 
Telling a story without words 
Singing a long story 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about a festival that you’re interested in. 
| Example | 
Jiho: I’m going to the International Mime Festival in Chuncheon. You wanna join? 
Ashley: Sure. I like the idea that a person can tell a story using only body movements. Do you see what I mean? 
Jiho: You mean, they are telling a story without words? 
Ashley: That’s right! It’ll be a good experience for you. 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the parts in purple. 
What are we supposed to learn today? 
What are you trying to say? 
Let’s Communicate 2 |What’s the secret of doing that? 
A Listen In 
1. Circle the word that doesn’t match. 
leg 
dialogue
egg
tongue 
beg 
2. Which book are the speakers talking about? 
 The Ugly Duckling 
 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory 
 Beauty and the Beast 
B Listen & Do 
1. Which is a picture of Dave and Blanche? 
2. Listen again. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. Dave 
Name 
Dave
Blanche
↓
↓
Feature
light colored hair
↓
↓
Association 
Dave needs a .
Blanche has hair. 
C Speak Out 
Step 1 Here are some successful websites. What makes their names interesting? Make one of your own. 
www.smileyeye.com 
 “smiley + eye” 
 Glasses company 
 The website will make your eyes happy. 
www.liveolive.com 
 “live + olive” 
 Organic food store 
 The name sounds fresh. 
www.kindchild.com 
 “kind + child” 
 International children’s charity 
 The name shows that the website is for children. 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about an interesting site name. 
| Example | 
Eric: Congratulations. The number of visitors to your site reached 100,000 hits today. What’s the secret of your success? 
Jiyun: Well, maybe it’s due to our site name. 
Eric: Live plus olive! That’s a perfect name for an organic food store. How did you come up with it? 
Jiyun: Actually, I just wanted it to sound fresh. And it worked. 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the parts in purple. 
Let me show you how to do it. 
Let me tell you how this all happened. 
Real Talk 
A Complete the cartoon with your own words. 
1 
G: Can you do me a favor? 
B: Of course! What is it?
2 
G: I wrote a poem to contribute to the school paper. But I couldn’t make up a proper title for it. 
3 
B: Hmm... what did you write about? 
G: It’s about the wind and its mysterious power. 
4
B: Then, how about ‘The Lord of Storms’? It’s simple and rhymes well. 
1 ? 
B: I guess you’re right. 
5
G: Not really, there’s no “Lord” or “Storms” in my poem. 
6 
G: I guess you're right. 2 ? 
B: I don’t know... practice, maybe? 
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then practice the dialog with a partner. 
Before You Read 
A Match each character with the sound that repeats in his name. 
p 
d 
t∫ 
m 
B Read these tongue twisters as fast as you can while pronouncing each word clearly. 
Fred fed Ted bread and Ted fed Fred bread. 
I’m hooked on this book Brooke brought back from the Brookside book store. 
Rhyme Around Us 
What Creates Rhyme
Mr. Scott: Hello, everyone. Welcome to rhyme-time class! Where can you find rhyme? Rhyme doesn’t only belong in poems. We frequently use rhyme in our daily life. It makes language more interesting. Before class we’ll play a short game. First, I’m going to say a word. Then you say the body part which has the same ending sound. Let’s give it a try. I say “deer.” 
Jiho: We say “ear.” 
Nuri: I say “gum.” 
Jiho: We say “thumb.” I say “foe.” 
Nuri: We say “toe.” 
Mr. Scott: Great. What do you think of this game? 
Nuri: It’s fun to repeat the same sounds. 
Jiho: It is like we were singing. 
keep in mind 
Play the game using these words. 
nose: 
mouth: 
leg: 
rhyme belong poem frequently 
Mr. Scott: That's what makes rhyme. In the ages before the written word, rhyme was a powerful memory aid. Do you know why? Stories or bits of information are much easier to remember if they rhyme. That’s why rhyme was favored in primitive times. Early poets, — like the Greek poet Homer, for example — never wrote down anything that they composed. They stored it all in their heads as rhyme! 
keep in mind 
Write down the reason why rhyme was favored in the age before writing. 
age aid compose primitive times 
Types of Rhyme 
Jiho: Can you tell me about the different types of rhyme? 
Mr. Scott: There are three main types of rhyme: end rhyme, internal rhyme, and alliteration. End rhyme is when the last sound of the line rhymes with those of the next line, such as “dear” / “ear” and “thumb” / “numb.” End rhyme is quite popular in children’s stories and poetry, since it naturally creates a sing-song rhythm. The lines “Twinkle twinkle little star / How I wonder what you are.” are an example of end rhyme. 
Jiho: Then, is it possible to rhyme in the same line? 
Mr. Scott: Sure. That’s internal rhyme. It occurs when a single line has two words within it that rhyme. The line “Simple Simon met a pieman” is an example of internal rhyme. This is used quite commonly in poetry and song writing, because it makes the line feel shorter and creates rhythm within the line itself. 
Nuri: Then, how about alliteration? 
Mr. Scott: Alliteration is when two or more words in a poem begin with the same letter or sound. Tongue twisters are fun examples: 
“Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,” and 
“She sells seashells down by the seashore.” 
keep in mind 
Underline the three different types of rhyme. 
internal alliteration numb twinkle pieman pepper tongue twister 
Rhyme around Us 
Jiho: Actually, as a child I loved “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star,” and I still remember the lyrics. 
Mr. Scott: That’s the heart of rhyme. Repeated sounds are pleasing to the ear, create emotions, and eventually make their way into your memory. That’s why mothers sing “nursery rhymes” to their kids: they teach language or deliver a cer tain message. There were t imes when mothers used to sing rhymes in their kitchens, too. 
Nuri: Do you mean that they used rhymes for cooking? 
Mr. Scott: That’s right! Housewives used to write rhyming recipes to make cooking easier in the late 19th and early 20th century. 
keep in mind 
Underline the two ways that rhyme is used. 
lyric eventually deliver nursery rhyme 
Jiho: If rhyme is that powerful, it must be used for commercial purposes as well. 
Mr. Scott: Sure. From Mickey Mouse to Donald Duck, movie titles and characters are enlivened with rhyme. Food companies also love using rhyme in their marketing: “Good Taste, No Waist” (for yogurt), and “Once you pop, you can’t stop” (for potato chips). 
Nuri: Then, how about “Chocolate Mousse for Greedy Goose,” my favorite story book? 
Mr. Scott: You’ve got it. 
Jiho: What about rap? 
Mr. Scott: Definitely. Rapping is all about rhymes. 
Nuri: Rhymes are truly all around us. 
Mr. Scott: Keep your eyes and ears open for rhyme and try to use it. You’ll sound more colorful and expressive if you do. 
keep in mind 
Write down the meaning of “if you do” in the last line. 
commercial enliven greedy 
After You Read 
A Fill in the blanks with words that rhyme with the underlined parts. 
1. Where there’s a will, there’s a . 
2. All that glitters is not . 
3. The feet are slow when the head wears . 
4. Pie in the . 
B Write T for true or F for false. 
1. “Simple Simon met a pieman” is an example of internal rhyme. 
2. Alliteration is when the last sound of the line rhymes with that of the next line. 
3. In the 18th and 19th century, rhyming recipes were popular among housewives. 
4. Rhymes are used in movie titles and characters’ names. 
C Read the reply messages. What are the rhymes? What type of rhymes are they? 
I need a rhyming slogan for global warming. 
1. Global Warming - Trouble Forming 
2. Too Warm = More Harm 
3. Our School Classes Say NO to Gasses. 
On Your Own: 
Language Lounge 
A Word Formation 
express
- ive
expressive 
poet
- ry 
poetry 
support 
supportive 
nurse 
nursery
act 
active 
jewel 
jewelry 
 You will sound more colorful and expressive. 
 My family has always been very supportive of me. 
 End rhyme is quite popular in children’s stories and poetry. 
 She had never seen such a beautiful piece of jewelry. 
B Word Combination 
deliver
+
a message
memory
+
aid
a judgement
hearing
a child 
first 
 They teach language or deliver a certain message. 
 Dr. Jack delivered all three of my children. 
 In the ages before the written word, rhyme was a powerful memory aid. 
 All members of the team know a few things about first aid. 
C Words in Context 
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three. 
 Food (i)es are also using rhyme in their marketing. 
 I will keep you until the train comes. 
 I’d like to thank the director and all members of the for being so supportive. 
D Focus on Form 
1. That’s what creates rhyme. 
 Jenny wrote down what he said. 
 What you need to do is talk to your parents. 
2. It’s fun to repeat the same sounds. 
 It is safer to drive wearing a seat belt. 
 It is hard to get rid of a bad habit. 
Write It Out 
A Rewrite the sentences below. 
| Example | 
Never put off things till tomorrow. + You can do the things today. 
→ Never put off till tomorrow the things which you can do today. 
→ Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 
1. Never cut a thing. + The thing can be untied. 
→ Never cut a thing which can be untied. 
→ Never cut can be untied. 
2. Practice things which you preach. 
→ Practice . 
B Rewrite the sentences below. 
| Example | 
To become a movie director is my dream. 
→ It is my dream to become a movie director. 
1. To tell the difference between the twins is hard. 
→ It to . 
2. To think of the problem gives me a headache. 
→ It . 
3. To swim in that river is forbidden for children under 10. 
→ . 
C This is a recipe for gimbap. Match the steps with the right pictures. 
1. Cook carrots and ham in a pan. 
2. To make the egg strips, fry the egg in a pan. 
3. Put the rice and other materials on the seaweed. 
4. Roll it up, slice and serve! Enjoy it! 
D Make a rhyming recipe for gimbap using the information above. 
Let’s get our ingredients ready first. 
Without ham and eggs, gimbap’s the worst! 
Make sure your slices are all the same size. 
Getting good will take a few tries! 
Work Together | Campaign rap contest 
Step 1 Get in groups of 4-5 and choose a message. 
Save Water 
Stand in Line 
Turn off your Cell Phones 
On Your Own
Step 2 Make a rap about your message. 
| Example | 
Lab Safety 
Go with goggles, go with the gloves! 
Go without food, and spit out your gum! 
Go safe! Go safe! And get into it 
Go safe scientists, no accidents! 
Your group’s campaign 
Campaign rap lyrics 
Step 3 Sing along together and evaluate each other’s presentations. 
 Group No. 
1
2
3
4
5
Does it rhyme well? 
Does it sound fun? 
Does it have a message? 
Around the World 
A Read these poems aloud. Which type of rhyme is used in each work? 
Push the boat, push the boat! 
The night tide has gone out, 
the morning tide is coming in. 
Chigukch’ong, chigukch’ong, oshwa! 
from 「Rhymes of fisherman」Yun Seondo(1651) 
He clasps the crag with crooked hands; 
Close to the sun in lonely lands, 
Ring’d with the azure world, he stands. 
from 「The Eagle」 
Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1851) 
B Search the K-pop rhyming song and present it to the class.
SEARCH: K-pop rhyming song 
from 「」 2ne1 (2010) 
Check It Yourself 
A Listening 
Answer the questions. 
1. Which one are they mainly talking about? 
2. What did the boy ask the girl to do? 
 To take the role of main actress 
 To explain the meaning of words 
 To meet after class for reading and acting 
 To audition for a new drama 
B Speaking 
Answer the questions below. You will be given 2 minutes to prepare your answer. 
1. What is your favorite festival? 
2. Where and when does it take place? 
3. What do you do there? 
4. How do you feel after the festival? 
C Reading 
Which one best fits in the blank? 
Jiho: If rhyme is that powerful, it must be used for as well. 
Mr. Scott: Sure. From Mickey Mouse to Donald Duck, movie titles and characters are enlivened with rhyme. Food companies also love using rhyme in their marketing: “Good Taste, No waist” (for yogurt), and “Once you pop, you can’t stop” (for potato chips). 
Nuri: Then, how about “Chocolate Mousse for Greedy Goose,” my favorite story book? 
Mr. Scott: You’ve got it. 
Jiho: What about rap? 
Mr. Scott: Definitely. Rapping is all about rhymes. 
Nuri: Rhyme is truly all around us. 
 practical purposes 
 public services 
 educational purposes 
 commercial purposes 
D Writing 
Write about your favorite poem. Include the following information: 
 What the title of the poem is 
 When you first read it 
 Why you like it 
Scripts 
Lesson 2 Rhyme Around Us 
Get Ready p.31 
Doe - a deer a female deer 
Ray - a drop of golden sun 
Me - a name I call myself 
Far - a long long way to run 
Sew - a needle pulling thread 
La - a note to follow sew 
Tea - a drink with jam and bread 
That will bring us back to Do 
Let’s Communicate 1 p.32 
A Listen In 
W: Ha ha. Look at this cartoon. It’s great! 
M: Sorry, but I can’t see why it’s funny. Could you explain it to me? 
W: Read the title and see what the man is holding. Do you see what I mean? 
M: A stone with pictures! Yeah, that might be how they made the first presentation. Ha ha ha. 
B Listen & Do 
W: Hello, students. Can anyone remember what I said we’d be learning about today? 
B: We’re going to learn ancient communication methods. 
W: Right. Very ancient societies had no writing systems, so they couldn’t leave any written records. Do you see what I mean? 
B: You’re telling us that they relied on only speaking. But once spoken, things get forgotten quickly. 
W: How smart! Since they had no system of writing, they used many other techniques to enhance their memory and help their listeners follow the story. 
B: What kinds of techniques did they use? 
W: They changed their stories into songs because songs are easier to remember. Later stories became entertainment. 
B: Ah, that’s when our enjoyment of storytelling began. 
Let’s Communicate 2 p.34 
A Listen In 
M: What’s the secret of writing a popular book? 
W: Well, there are many factors, but an ear-catching title could be one way. 
M: Then, how about this book? Is its title ear-catching enough? 
W: Definitely. The repeated [b] sound of the title pleases the ears. 
B Listen & Do 
M: One of the best ways to make a good first impression is to remember people’s names. What’s the secret of doing that? Let me show you how to do it. You have to associate the name with your impression of the person. For example, if your impression of Dave is that he has a beard, you can remember him by thinking: Dave needs a shave. Or if you met Blanche, whose hair is light-colored, “Blanche has blonde hair” could be a way of remembering her name. Using this method, you will never fail to remember people’s names. 
Real Talk p.36 
1 
G: Can you do me a favor? 
B: Of course! What is it? 
2 
G: I wrote a poem to contribute to the school paper. But I couldn’t make up a proper title for it. 
3 
B: Hmm... what did you write about? 
G: It’s about the wind and its mysterious power. 
4 
B: Then, how about ‘The Lord of Storms’? It’s simple and rhymes well. Do you see what I mean? 
5 
G: Not really, there’s no “Lord” or “Storms” in my 
poem. 
6 
B: I guess you’re right. What’s the secret to choosing a good title anyway? 
G: I don’t know... practice, maybe? 
Check It Yourself p.50 
A Listening 
B: Hi, Suji. Can you help me with this line? 
G: Oh, it’s from Romeo & Juliet. Wow, you’re reading Shakespeare. 
B: Actually I’ll be performing the role of Romeo in the school play. I’ve been practicing this line but I can’t get the meaning of “sweet sorrow.” 
G: Ok. If you feel happy and sad at the same time, that’s “sweet sorrow.” Do you see what I mean? 
B: Romeo is happy to love Juliet but sad to leave her. So he is happy and sad at the same time! 
G: Right! That’s “sweet sorrow.” Anyway, I can’t wait to see you on the stage. 
B: Thank you. I’ll do my best. 
<Lesson 3>
High School English I 
Lesson 3 A Difference in Perspective 
Communicative Functions 
Can you tell me why? 
I wonder why some people think that way.
Language Form 
 Westerners tend to group things in terms of the rules that define them. 
 We do not know exactly where the difference comes from. 
Get Ready 
A Look at the picture. What does it look like? 
B Fill in the bubbles with appropriate expressions and discuss the difference. 
Korean 
English 
cock-a-doodle-doo 
hand 
Let’s Communicate 1 |Can you tell me why? 
A Listen In 
1. Which of these situations might embarrass foreigners? 
 Using two hands when giving something to an elder 
 Arguing about who will pay the bill 
 Sharing dishes with others at the table 
2. Which picture matches the dialog? 
B Listen & Do 
1. Which is the topic of the dialog? 
 Meaning of gestures in different cultures 
 Different ways of expressing sympathy 
 The western way of saying hello 
2. Listen again. Complete the table. 
(1) 
(2) 
Bulgaria
[ ]Agreement
[∨]Disagreement
[∨]Agreement
[ ]Disagreement
(3) 
[∨]Agreement
[ ]Disagreement
[ ]Agreement
[∨]Disagreement
Netherlands 
[∨]Agreement
[ ]Disagreement
[∨]Sympathy 
C Speak Out
Step 1 Here are some of Korean customs. Read them and add your own. 
Can you tell me why Koreans behave like this? 
I think it’s because …
Why? 
  They take off their shoes at restaurants. 
  They bow when they meet people. 
  They prefer to take turns paying the bill. 
  On Your Own → 
Because... 
  Koreans are accustomed to sitting on the floor. 
  Koreans want to be polite to other people. 
  They argue about paying the bill first. 
  On Your Own → 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about an aspect of Korean culture. 
| Example | 
Jimin: Hi, Ryan. How’s your life in Korea? 
Ryan: So far so good, but some customs are totally different from those in my country. 
Jimin: Like what? 
Ryan: Well, for example, I don’t understand why Koreans take their shoes off at restaurants. Can you tell me why Koreans behave like this? 
Jimin: I think it’s because Koreans are accustomed to sitting on the floor. 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the way the phrases sound. 
What kind of customs are you talking about? 
What kind of music are you into? 
Let’s Communicate 2 |I wonder why some people think that way. 
A Listen In 
1. Which clothes would you like to try? Why?
2. Which picture best describes the dialog? 
B Listen & Do 
1. Fill in the blank with a word from the dialog. 
Everything we see is our , not the truth. 
2. Listen again. Which picture is not mentioned? 
C Speak Out 
Step 1 Go over the following proverbs. Which ones do you prefer? Why? 
 Silence is golden. 
 Action speaks louder than words. 
Reason: 
 You can't teach an old dog new tricks. 
 No one is too old to learn. 
Reason: 
 Well begun is half done. 
 All is well that ends well. 
Reason: 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about proverbs that show different perspectives. 
| Example | 
Jenna: I like the proverb, “No one is too old to learn.” What do you think of that? 
Yuri: Well, I agree with the idea of the proverb. It’s never too late to learn. 
Jenna: There is a proverb which takes the opposite perspective, though. Can you guess what it is? 
Yuri: I think I might know … Isn’t it, “You can’t teach an old dog new tricks?” 
Jenna: Right. But I don’t like that idea. I wonder why some people think that way. 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the parts in purple. 
Okay, let me see. It’s definitely a duck. 
It’s very interesting that we see the same picture differently. 
Real Talk 
A Complete the cartoon with your own words. 
1 
B: What are you looking at? 
2
G: Look at this picture. Do you think this man looks happy or not? 
B: Umm, I guess he looks unhappy. 
3 
G: 1 ? To me, he looks happy. 
4
B: 2 . But check out the people in the background. Because the people around him look so angry, he also seems unhappy. 
5
G: Interesting. We see the same picture with a different perspective. 
6 
B: You’re right. There is never just one way to look at something. 
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then practice the dialog with a partner. 
Before You Read 
A Which item would you group together with the cow, A or B? Compare your answer with a partner’s. 
B Think about some differences between people in East and people in West. Fill in the boxes with words or phrases. 
West 
Individual 
East
Group 
A Difference in Perspective 
It is clear that Eastern and Western cultures are different. But most of us would have a hard time explaining exactly where this distinction comes from. We could only guess that it comes from a different way of thinking, perhaps reflecting a contrast between environments. The following experiments illustrate the difference between Eastern and Western perspectives of the world. 
keep in mind 
Underline the key phrase of the paragraph. 
distinction reflect perspective illustrate 
Take a look at the three objects below. If you were to place two objects together, which would they be? 
Interestingly, Westerners usually preferred to group the panda and the monkey, whereas Asians preferred to group the monkey and the banana. Those living in Western countries showed a marked preference for grouping on the basis of common category membership: the panda and the monkey were categorized as animals. Asians showed a preference on the basis of thematic relationships and justified their answers in terms of relationships: monkeys eat bananas. 
Many Westerners organize things into categories which define them. Western perceptions of similarity are heavily influenced by the degree to which the objects can be categorized according to a set of rules. But Asian perceptions of similarity are based more upon close relationships among objects. 
keep in mind 
What is the difference in perception between East and West? 
marked preference thematic justify organize perception 
on the basis of in terms of 
Here is another experiment which shows this difference. When Asians and Westerners were asked to take a picture of a person in the same place, the resulting photographs were quite different. Westerners tended to reduce the background and focus on the face of the per son. In contrast , Asians tended to photograph the scene with wide angles, focusing not only on the person’s face but also the background. 
This result tells us how Asians and Westerners experience the world. To Westerners, the perception of an object can be fully separated from its environment. But because Asians pay relatively more attention to an object’s context than Westerners, they are quick to grasp any changes in the background and shifts in relationship between objects. 
keep in mind 
Which do Asians tend to focus on when taking a picture, objects or background?
reduce separate relatively context 
pay attention to 
Their different perspectives are also reflected in the way mothers communicate with their children. Western mothers used twice as many object labels as Asian mothers, frequently using words such as “pig g ie,” and “dog g ie.” As ian mothers engaged in twice as many social routines, teaching politeness norms like greetings. A Western mother might speak like this: “That’s a car. See the car? Do you like it? It’s got nice wheels.” On the other hand, an Asian mother might say: “Here! It’s vroom vroom. I give it to you. Now give this to me. Yes! Thank you.” Western children learn that the world is mostly a place with objects, while Asian children are taught that the world is mostly about relationships. 
communicate norm engage in 
 Categories are denoted by nouns. Relationships, on the other hand, usually involve a verb. Therefore, verbs are more important in Asian languages than in English. The manner in which people ask someone whether they would like more tea to drink exemplifies this distinction. In Asian languages one asks, “Drink more?” In English, however, one asks “More tea?” To Asians, it is perfectly obvious that it is tea that one is talking about drinking more of, so to mention the word tea would be unnecessary. To Westerners, it is perfectly obvious that one is talking about drinking the tea, so it would be rather strange for the question to refer to drinking. 
 Asians and Westerners have used very different systems of thought for thousands of years. While Asians pay more attention to the relationship between objects, Westerners are concerned with categorizing objects. These distinctive organizational strategies are reflected in each culture and how they interact with one another. Understanding this is essential as societies become increasingly diverse. 
keep in mind 
Underline what “this” refers to in line 19. 
denote exemplify 
After You Read 
A Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the box below. 
Asians prefer to
 group on the basis of 
 focus on 
 use often
Westerners prefer to
 group on the basis of 
 focus on 
 use often
Different ways of thinking, East and West 
categories relationships objects 
background nouns verbs 
B Check T for true or F for false. T F 
1. Asians preferred to group the monkey and banana together. 	 
2. Westerners took photographs with wide angles. 		 
3. Asian moms use many object labels. 				 
4. Westerners usually ask “More tea?” rather than “Drink more?”	 
C Compare the two paintings. How does each deal with object and background? 
Language Lounge
distinct 
-ion
distinction 
similar 
-ity
similarity 
communicate 
communication 
active 
activity 
concentrate 
concentration 
creative 
creativity 
A Word Formation 
 We would have a hard time explaining where this distinction comes from. 
 There was very little communication between them. 
 Asian perceptions of similarity are based more upon close relationships among objects. 
 Eat healthy foods and do physical activities. 
take
+
a picture
pay
+
attention
a look 
a bill
a chance 
respect 
B Word Combination 
 Asians and Westerners were asked to take a picture of a person. 
 You need to forget the details and take a look at the big picture. 
 Asians pay relatively more attention to an object’s context than Westerners. 
 Some walked hundreds of miles to pay their respects to him. 
C Words in Context 
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three. 
 Take a look at the three (e)s below. 
 Many people to the building of the new bridge. 
 The of the game is to get rid of all the cards. 
D Focus on Form 
1. Westerners tend to group things in terms of the rules that define them. 
 This is a list of books that are recommended for teenagers. 
 The weather is a factor that is hard to predict. 
2. We do not know exactly where the difference comes from. 
 She won’t tell me where she bought that red shirt. 
 Let me know when you would like me to come by your house. 
Write It Out
A Complete the sentences using “that” and the given phrases. 
1. garden 
2. two floors 
3. a lot of windows 
4. painted red 
1. This is a house and it has a garden. 
→ This is a house that has a garden. 
2. This is a house has two floors. 
3. This is a house . 
4. . 
B Complete the sentences. 
| Example | 
Do you know who the writer is? 
Yes, Joe Smith is the writer. 
1. 
Eric: Where is Brian? 
Julie: I have no idea where . 
2. 
Annie: What did he want? 
Ryan: I’m afraid I can’t tell you . 
3. 
Fred: How long has he known her? 
Jane: Actually, I’d like to know 
C Read the invitation card and complete the poster. 
An Invitation to Western Beauty 
The Western Art Museum is pleased to invite you to Western Beauty. This exhibition includes landscape paintings by Western painters. It will be held at the Western Art Museum, which is located at 123 Main Street. It will run from May the 12th to the 30th. If you want to know what the exhibition is about, please contact us at 553-3456. 
Western Beauty 
This exhibition includes . 
 Place: 
 Date: 
 Phone: 
D Look at the poster and complete the invitation card. 
Asian Beauty 
This exhibition includes landscape paintings by Asian painters. 
 Place: 89 Wall Street, the Asia Museum 
 Date: December 8th - 22nd 
 Phone: 555-7777 
An Invitation to 
The Asia Museum is pleased to 
This exhibition includes 
If you want to know what the exhibition is about, 
Work Together |Different uses for ordinary things 
Step 1 Get in groups of 4-5 and choose one object to discuss.
Step 2 What are some ways you can use the object? Write down your top 5. 
Five Amazing Ways to Use Umbrellas 
1. Clothes Hanger 
2 Walking Stick 
3 
4 
5 
Step 3 Present your group's ideas to the class. 
Around the World 
A Here are some international wedding customs. What does the Korean custom mean? 
India 
 Wedding Custom 
The groom ties the Thali around the bride’s neck. 
 Meaning 
The groom promises to take care of the bride as long as he lives. 
Korea
 Wedding Custom 
The groom’s parents throw jujubes and chestnuts at the bride. 
 Meaning 
USA 
 Wedding Custom 
Guests throw rice at the couple. 
 Meaning 
Guests wish the couple a life full of blessings. 
B Do some research on other wedding customs and share your findings with a partner. 
Country 
Wedding Custom 
Meaning 
Check It Yourself 
A Listening 
Answer the questions. 
1. According to the talk, we should . 
 overcome difficulties in the global market 
 understand and respect cultural differences 
 put our unique personality into our business cards 
 behave politely at business meetings 
2. How do Japanese people present a business card? 
B Speaking 
Read this question and provide your own answer. You will be given 2 minutes to prepare your answer. 
I am Julie from America. I am embarrassed when having a meal with Korean people. After the meal, one person usually treats the others. I feel really uncomfortable because “going Dutch” is more common where I’m from. Can you tell me why Korean people behave like this?
C Reading 
What is the best order for (A), (B), and (C)? 
Here is another experiment which shows this difference. When Asians and Westerners were asked to take a picture of a person in the same place, the resulting photographs were quite different. 
(A) But because Asians pay relatively more attention to an object’s context than Westerners, they are quick to grasp any changes in the background and shifts in relationship between objects. 
(B) This result tells us how Asians and Westerners experience the world. To Westerners, the perception of an object can be fully separated from its environment. 
(C) Westerners tended to reduce the background and focus on the face of the person. In contrast, Asians tended to photograph the scene with wide angles, focusing not only on the person’s face but also the background. 
 (A)-(C)-(B) 
 (B)-(C)-(A) 
 (C)-(A)-(B) 
 (C)-(B)-(A) 
D Writing 
Write about an experience of culture shock you’ve had. Include the following information: 
 When you experienced culture shock 
 What it was about 
 Why you felt it 
scripts 
Lesson 3 A Difference in Perspective 
Let’s Communicate 1 p.54 
A Listen In 
M: Jiyun, I’m having a hard time getting used to some Korean customs. 
W: Really? What kinds of customs are you talking about? 
M: Actually, I don’t understand why Koreans use two hands when giving something to their elders. Can you tell me why? 
W: It’s because Koreans want to show that they respect elders. 
B Listen & Do 
M: Hi, Susan. It’s been a while since I last saw you. How have you been? 
W: I’ve been doing very well. These days I’m studying culture. 
M: That sounds good. What interests you the most? 
W: To me, different gestures among countries are very interesting. For example, in Bulgaria, you’re not supposed to nod your head when you agree. 
M: Can you tell me why? 
W: In Bulgaria, nodding your head means “No.” But shaking your head is a sign of agreement. 
M: That’s the opposite to what Japanese people usually do. 
W: Right. In the Netherlands, nodding is also a sign of agreement, but shaking your head often means sympathy. 
Let’s Communicate 2 p.56 
A Listen In 
W: Oh, Look at this picture. I wonder why they wear skirts. 
M: Actually, these are the traditional clothes of their region. 
W: Really? But it still looks very strange to me. 
M: I guess so, but try to see it from their perspective. 
B Listen & Do 
M: What do you see in this picture? 
W: It’s a picture of a girl. 
M: Some people see it like that, but I see an old woman who looks like a witch. I wonder why we saw different things. 
W: Oh - Now I see that too! Strange. 
M: Yeah! Here’s another picture. What do you think of this? 
W: Okay, let me see. It’s definitely a duck. 
W: Do you really think so? To me, it looks like a rabbit with long ears. 
M: It seems that we have different perspectives. 
W: It’s very interesting that we see the same picture differently. 
M: Yes, I think so, too. 
Real Talk p.58 
1 B: What are you looking at? 
2 
G: Look at this picture. Do you think this man looks happy or not? 
B: Umm, I guess he looks unhappy. 
3 
G: Can you tell me why? To me, he looks happy. 
4 
B: I wonder why we saw different things. But check out the people in the background. Because the people around him look so angry, he also seems unhappy. 
5 
G: Interesting. We see the same picture with a different perspective. 
6 
B: You’re right. There is never just one way to look at something. 
Check It Yourself p.72 
A Listening 
W: In order for businesses to succeed in a global economy, cultural differences must be valued and respected. Sometimes people wonder why other people behave differently. Difference means just that - different. It doesn’t mean good or bad. The Japanese, for example, are very formal in their interactions and value manners. On the other hand, Americans are very informal. They use first names when meeting a person for the first time, and often touch people. When presenting your business cards to the Japanese, remember to be thoughtful. Japanese people value present-giving. They value their business cards as presents and see them as a way of building relationships. The Japanese will present their cards facing towards you with both hands. 
<Lesson 4>
High School English I 
Lesson 4 The Image of the Lost Soul
Communicative Functions
I’d recommend reading this book.
Do you mind if I ask you for some advice?
Language Form
 Never did a respectable bird sing with so much feeling.
 “Now we shall have a nice angel put up there.”
Get Ready 
A Which of these books have you read or heard of? 
B What is your favorite book? Discuss its message with a partner. 
Let’s Communicate 1 |I’d recommend reading this book.
A Listen In 
1. Fill in the blank. 
I’d reading this book. 
2. Mark the section where the recommended book is. 
A 101-120 Plays 
A 121-140 Poetry 
A 141-160 Essays 
A 161-180 Short Novels 
B Listen & Do 
1. Which picture best describes the situation? 
2. Listen again. Complete the summary of the dialog. 
The amount he writes every day 	 words a day 
The book he most enjoyed writing 	The 
The number of awards he won		 awards this year 
How he feels now when he writes 	More 
C Speak Out 
Step 1 These books are recommended for teens. Pick a book that you’d like to read, or suggest one of your own. 
Modern Novel 
Poetry 
Play 
Fantasy/SF 
I’d like to read... 
 Title: 
 Author: 
 Genre: 
 Reason:
Step 2 Talk with a partner about a book that you want to read. 
| Example | 
Fred: What book would you like to read? Any genre you’re interested in? 
Jane: I like modern novels. I’d love to read Please Look After Mom, but haven’t had a chance yet. 
Fred: Haven’t you? I’ve read it three times! I’d recommend reading it. 
Jane: Really? How did you find it? 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the parts in purple. 
It’s not an easy story but I’ll give it a try. 
Wait for me here. I’ll be right back. 
Let’s Communicate 2 |Do you mind if I ask you for some advice? 
A Listen In 
1. Which is the appropriate expression for this situation? 
 Could you give me a second? 
 Can’t you see what I mean? 
 Do you mind if I sit next to you? 
2. Which picture describes what will happen next? 
B Listen & Do 
1. Which is the best title for the essay? 
 Topics for a Graduation Speech 
 The Power of Kindness 
 The Four Types of Friendship
2. Listen again. Which statements can be inferred from the story? 
 When I saw Kyle’s sad look, I felt sympathy for him. 
 Kyle and I had to work on the graduation speech together. 
 Kyle was going through a tough time when we first met. 
 I was disappointed that I didn’t get to give the graduate speech.
C Speak Out 
Step 1 Here are some ways to be polite. Add your own. 
Hold the door for others. 
Help a friend carry heavy loads. 
Ask others’ opinions before you choose. 
Give your seat to a friend.
On Your Own 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about being polite. 
| Example | 
Steve : Do you mind if I ask you for some advice? 
Julie : Go ahead. What is it? 
Steve : I think that sometimes I treat others rudely. How can I be more polite? 
Julie : Why don’t you start with little things like holding the door? 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the parts in purple. 
When he looked up, I saw tears in his eyes. 
Again he thanked me warmly. 
Real Talk 
A Complete the cartoon with your own words. 
1 
M: Is there anything that I can help you with? 
G: I’m looking for a book to read. I haven’t found the right one yet. 
2
M: Maybe I can help. 1 give you a recommendation?
G: Actually that’d be great.
3 
M: Well, what kind of books do you like? 
G: Umm, these days I’m into fairy tales.
4 
M: Can you name a specific one?
G: The Happy Prince. I like that kind of story.
5
M: Ah, now I get it. Luckily I know the perfect story for you.
G: Really? What is it? 
M: Wait here, I’ll get it. 
6 
M: 2 this story. It’s about a friendship between a lonely bird 
and a stone figure.
G: It seems interesting. I’ll take it out. 
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then practice the dialog with a partner. 
Before You Read 
A Here is a scene from The Image of the Lost Soul. What is going on in the picture? 
B Discuss these questions with a partner. 
1. What do you think The Image of the Lost Soul is about? 
→ It is about . 
2. Where does the story take place? 
→ It takes place . 
3. Who is the main character? Who is the Lost Soul? 
→ I guess the Lost Soul is . 
4. What are the other characters like? 
→ I think the other characters are . 
5. What will happen to the characters throughout the story? 
→ . 
The Image of the Lost Soul 
by H. H. Munro
There were a number of stone statues decorating the walls of the old Cathedral. Nearly all were in noble or heavenly attitudes of joy and calmness. But one figure, on the cold north side, did not look noble nor calm, and its face was hard and bitter. It must be a demon, declared the fat blue pigeons that sunned themselves all day on the ledges of the parapet; but the old belfry jackdaw, who was an authority on church architecture, claimed it was a lost soul. And there the matter rested. 
keep in mind 
Underline the sentence that describes what a lost soul looks like. 
cathedral noble bitter declare ledge parapet belfry jackdaw authority 
One autumn day there fluttered on to the Cathedral roof a slender, sweet-voiced bird. It had wandered away from the bare fields for a winter roosting-place. It tried to rest its tired feet under the shade of the more noble or heavenly figures, but the fat pigeons and noisy sparrows drove it off. Never did a respectable bird sing with so much feeling. They cheeped one to another, and the wanderer had to move on. 
keep in mind 
What does “It” in line 3 refer to?
flutter slender wander sparrow respectable cheep drive off 
Only the Lost Soul offered a place of refuge. The pigeons did not consider it safe to perch on a projection such as this that leaned too far outwards, or on one that was so much in shadow. The figure did not cross its hands devoutly, instead its arms were folded as in defiance. Their angle made a snug resting-place for the little bird. Every evening it crept into its corner against the stone breast of the image. The lonely bird grew to love its lonely protector, and during the day it would sing its sweetest music in grateful thanks for the shelter that the Lost Soul provided. And, it may have been the work of wind and weather, or some other influence, but the stone face seemed gradually to lose its hardness. Every long monotonous day, while the bird was flying below, the song of his little guest would come up to the lonely watcher. At evening when the evening bell was ringing, the bright-eyed bird would return, twitter a few sleepy notes, and nestle into the arms of the protector. Little did the lonely watcher sleep before the bird came back. Those were happy days for the Dark Image. Meanwhile, the great bell of the Cathedral rang out daily its mocking message, “After joy... sorrow.” 
keep in mind 
Underline the sentence that implies what the conclusion will be. 
refuge perch devoutly defiance snug creep monotonous twitter note nestle mocking 
The caretakers noticed a little bird fluttering around, and admired its beautiful singing. They caught the bird and put it in a little wicker cage outside of their door. That night the little songster was missing from its accustomed nest, and the Dark Image knew more than ever the bitterness of loneliness. But when morning came there floated up to him, a faint heart-aching message from the prisoner in the wicker cage far below. And every day, at high noon, when the fat pigeons and sparrows were in silence after their meal, the song of the little bird came up to the parapets — a song of hunger and longing and hopelessness, a cry that could never be answered. The pigeons remarked that the lonely stone figure seemed to lean forward more than ever. 
keep in mind 
What happened to the sweet-voiced bird? 
caretaker admire wicker songster accustom faint longing lean remark float up
One day no song came up from the cage. It was the coldest day of the winter, and the pigeons and sparrows looked anxiously on all sides for scraps of food to eat. 
“Have the caretakers thrown out anything on to the dust-heap?” inquired one pigeon to another which was watching over the edge of the north parapet. 
“Only a little dead bird,” was the answer. 
There was a crackling sound in the night on the Cathedral roof, followed by a noise of falling stone. The jackdaw said the frost was affecting the stonework, and as he had experienced many frosts it must have been so. In the morning it was seen that the figure of the Lost Soul had fallen forward. It now lay in a broken mass on the dust-heap outside the caretaker’s lodge. 
“It is just as well,” cooed the fat pigeons, after they had stared at the matter for some time, “now we shall have a nice angel put up there. Certainly they will put an angel there.” 
“After joy... sorrow,” rang out the great bell. 
keep in mind 
How did the other birds react when the Lost Soul fell down? 
anxiously scrap dust-heap inquire crackling frost lodge coo 
After You Read 
A Put the pictures in the right order. 
B Complete the table. 
C Think about these questions and talk with a partner. 
1. What does the line, “After joy... sorrow” mean? 
2. What do you think is the message of the story? 
Language Lounge 
monotone
- ous 
monotonous 
song 
- ster 
songster 
fame 
famous 
young
youngster 
poison
poisonous 
trick 
trickster 
A Word Formation 
 Every long monotonous day, the song of his little guest would come up to the lonely watcher. 
 The leaves of certain trees are poisonous to people. 
 That night the little songster was missing from its accustomed nest. 
 The school program is for youngsters aged 14 to 18. 
B Word Combination 
bare
+
fields 
lean 
+ 
forward 
feet 
against 
facts 
towards 
 It had wandered away from the bare fields for a winter roosting-place. 
 He got in the habit of walking around with bare feet. 
 The lonely stone figure seemed to lean forward more than ever. 
 Sophie leaned against the door, watching her children. 
C Words in Context
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three. 
 The doctor told her to for a few days. 
 The jackdaw claimed that it was a lost soul. And there the matter (e)d. 
 Mike wants to do something else with the of his life. 
D Focus on Form 
1. Never did a respectable bird sing with so much feeling. 
 Never have I seen so many people turn out for this event. 
 Little did I know that trouble was just around the corner. 
2. “Now we shall have a nice angel put up there.” 
 I had my car repaired in the shop near my house. 
 She will have the jacket dry-cleaned sometime this week. 
Write It Out 
A Complete the sentences. 
| Example | 
I’d love to have my bedroom redecorated! 
(redecorate, my bedroom) 
1. My hair looks terrible. I will tomorrow. (do, my hair) 
2. We will to your door. (deliver, the parcel) 
3. I’m sure I need glasses. I really must . (test, my eyes) 
B Rewrite the sentences below. 
| Example | 
He rarely goes out without his cell phone. 
→ Rarely does he go out without his cell phone. 
1. Emily never dreamed that she would win the competition. 
→ . 
2. Jake never once offered to help his mother with the dishes. 
→ .
3. He not only speaks German, he’s also good with computer. 
→ .
C Read the posted question. Which book would you recommend? 
Recommend a book to me, please? 
Lisa0302 
I’m dying to read a new book. I’ve been shifting through the pages of The Giving Tree. It’s so hard to find a good book to read! 
I love stories like The Giving Tree but I don’t necessarily want something exactly like that. Just something great that I can live in for a few days!
Your Recommendation 
 Title: 
 Author: 
 Storyline: 
 How you first read it: 
D Write a reply to Lisa including your recommendation. 
Hi, Lisa. I’m . If you are looking for some good stories, I know one you’ll love. The book I recommend is 
I hope you will find interesting. Enjoy reading! 
Work Together |Completing an unfinished story 
Step 1 Get in groups of 4-5 and read this unfinished story. Then discuss what will happen next with your group. 
A woman sends her husband to a witch’s garden to pick some red vegetables. The witch catches the husband stealing and makes him promise to give her the woman’s baby. 
When the woman gives birth, the witch takes the baby away. The witch locks her in a tower, and visits her by saying “Rapunzel, Rapunzel let down your hair.” 
One day, a prince hunting in the forest hears a girl singing beautifully... 
Step 2 Continue the story and create your own ending. 
One day, a prince hunting in the forest hears a girl singing beautifully. 
Step 3 Present your group’s story to the class. Evaluate other groups’ work and pick the best one. 
Around the World 
A These are some famous fairy tales from around the world. Match the illustrations with the titles and talk about them with a partner. 
Writer: Anderson(Denmark) 
Writer: Collodi(Italy) 
Writer Unknown(Korea) 
Writer: Lindgren(Sweden) 
Writer: Frank Baum(USA) 
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 
The Little Match Girl 
The Adventures of Pinocchio 
Peter Pan 
The Sun and the Moon 
Pippi Longstocking
B Briefly introduce your favorite fairy tale to the class. 
My favorite fairy tale 
Author 
Storyline 
Check It Yourself 
A Listening 
Answer the questions. 
1. Why is the boy asking the woman about a book? 
 To make a film based on a book
 To get a book recommendation
 To find a book to translate
 To do research on best sellers
2. Which book will the woman bring soon?
B Speaking 
Look at the pie chart below and describe it. You will be given 2 minutes to prepare your presentation.
Types of books students enjoy reading 
Drama-9%
Essay-15% 
Comedy-20%
Fantasy-25%
Mystery-31%
C Reading 
Which stage does the following belong to? 
“Have the caretakers thrown out anything on to the dust-heap?” inquired one pigeon to another which was watching over the edge of the north parapet. 
“Only a little dead bird,” was the answer. 
There was a crackling sound in the night on the Cathedral roof, followed by a noise of falling stone. The jackdaw said the frost was affecting the stonework, and as he had experienced many frosts it must have been so. In the morning it was seen that the figure of the Lost Soul had fallen forward. It now lay in a broken mass on the dust-heap outside the caretaker’s lodge. 
“It is just as well,” cooed the fat pigeons, after they had stared at the matter for some time, “now we shall have a nice angel put up there. Certainly they will put an angel there.” 
“After joy... sorrow,” rang out the great bell. 
 exposition 
 development 
 crisis 
 climax 
 resolution 
D Writing 
Write about your favorite fairy tale. Include the following information: 
 What the title is 
 Who the main characters are 
 Why you chose the story 
scripts 
Lesson 4 The Image of the Lost Soul 
Let’s Communicate 1 p.76 
A Listen In 
W: I need to write an essay on a book. Can you recommend a good book to write about? 
M: Let me think. I’d recommend The Last Leaf by O Henry. It’s a great short story! 
W: Ah - I’ve read that one. Well.. it’s not an easy story, but I’ll give it a try! 
M: Good. If you need some help, call me. 
B Listen & Do 
M: Today, the best selling author, John Wanes, is here with us. Hello, John. I’m a big fan. 
M2: Hi, thanks for having me. 
M: Tell me about your writing routine. How much do you write each day? 
M2: It depends, but I usually try to write 1000 words a day. If I waited for inspiration, I might be waiting forever! 
M: Good point! By the way, which book did you most enjoy writing? 
M2: I loved writing The Green Birds. It was great fun to make all those twists. I’d recommend readers start with it. 
M: You’ve won three awards this year. Do you feel more pressure now when writing? 
M2: Yes, I feel more pressure to keep writing well. There’s a sense of expectation. I just try not to care and focus on my work. 
Let’s Communicate 2 p.78 
A Listen In 
B: Hey, it’s lunch time. Why aren’t you eating? Don’t you feel well? 
G: No, I’m fine. I forgot to bring my lunch today. Do you mind if I take some of yours? 
B: Of course not. Have some of mine. I don’t want you to be hungry. 
G: Really? Thank you. That’s very kind of you. 
B Listen & Do 
M: One day I saw a classmate named Kyle walking home from school. In his arms he was carrying school books for every class. I thought that it was strange that he would be taking everything home with him. Then I saw kids tripping him so that he fell to the ground. When he looked up, I saw tears in his eyes. So I ran to him and held out my hand. “Thanks!” He said, smiling. I asked, “Do you mind if I help you carry these books?” Again he thanked me warmly. After that day, we became best friends. Time flew and graduation day came - Kyle was to give a speech. During the speech, I was shocked when he mentioned the day we met. He’d planned to drop out of school that day - that’s why he was carrying all of his things home. He said I was the one who saved him. I didn’t know my simple actions had meant so much to him. Always keep in mind that you can change a person’s life with one gesture. 
Real Talk p.80 
1 
M: Is there anything that I can help you with? 
G: I’m looking for a book to read. I haven’t found the right one yet. 
2 
M: Maybe I can help. Do you mind if I give you a recommendation? 
G: Actually that’d be great. 
3 
M: Well, what kind of books do you like? 
G: Umm, these days I’m into fairy tales. 
4 
M: Can you name a specific one? 
G: The Happy Prince. I like that kind of story. 
5 
M: Ah, now I get it. Luckily I know the perfect story for you. 
G: Really? What is it? 
M: Wait here, I’ll get it. 
6 
M: I’d recommend you reading this story. It’s about a friendship between a lonely bird and a stone figure. 
G: It seems interesting. I’ll take it out. 
Check It Yourself p.94 
A Listening 
W: May I help you? 
B: I’m looking for an English novel to read over the summer break. 
W: I’d recommend reading The Adventures of Huckle-berry Finn, if you haven’t tried it yet. 
B: What is the story about? 
W: Well, it’s a boy’s adventure story. It has been translated into Korean several times. You must be familiar with the story. 
B: I think I’ve heard of it. Can I have a quick look at it first? 
W: Let me find it for you. I’ll be back right away. 
<Lesson 5>
High School English I 
Lesson 5 Wonders of Weathering 
Communicative Functions
It’s the most impressive cliff I’ve ever seen.
I’m going to talk about climate change.
Language Form
 Karsts are unique landscapes formed by the underground erosion of limestone by water. 
 Nonetheless, mature karst landscapes do display certain characteristic forms. 
Get Ready 
A How do you think these landscapes are formed? 
Wonders of Weathering 
B Fill in the blank with an appropriate word. 
Korea's famous 
Let’s Communicate 1 |It's the most impressive cliff I've ever seen. 
A Listen In 
1. Which looks the most impressive to you? 
2. Which photo are the speakers looking at? 
 A photo of a girl in front of a cliff 
 A photo of a boy on the beach 
 A photo of a family at a park 
B Listen & Do 
Time 
Program 
16:00 ~ 17:00 
The Beauty of Korea 
20:00 ~ 21:00 
Earth-Scape 
21:00 ~ 23:00 
Nature by Numbers 
1. Which TV show did the woman watch? 
2. Listen again. Check T for true or F for false. 
Statement 
T
F
 The place they are talking about was under the ocean in ancient times. 
 The rocks are standing like trees. 
 People can see ancient sea animals in the water. 
C Speak Out 
Step 1 These are still frames from movies. Match the pictures with the places they were shot. 
Scenes in the Movies 
The Lord of the Rings 
Three Idiots 
Avatar 
Shooting Places 
Nelson, New Zealand 
Yuan Jia Jie, China 
Ladakh, India 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about a beautiful scene from a movie. 
| Example | 
Julie: Have you seen the movie The Lord of the Rings? 
Eric: Sure, it’s the most impressive movie I’ve ever seen. 
Julie: Do you know where it was filmed? 
Eric: In Nelson, New Zealand. I’d like to visit and see it for myself. 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the way the phrases sound. 
It’s the most impressive cliff I’ve ever seen. 
It’s the most impressive landscape I’ve ever seen. 
Let’s Communicate 2 |I'm going to talk about climate change. 
A Listen In 
1. Fill in the blanks. 
2. Which is the best book for the science project? 
 The Origin of Natural Science 
 Guide to Weather Forecasting 
 Climate Patterns and Human behavior 
B Listen & Do 
1. Which is the best title for the talk? 
 Climate Change on Earth 
 Wonderful Places to Visit 
 Save the Endangered Animals 
2. Listen again. Match the locations with the disasters. 
New York
Bangkok 
Vanuatu 
C Speak Out 
Step 1 These are some important places on Earth. Match each with why it's important. 
Wetlands 
 Places soaked with water 
Rain Forests 
 Forests with heay rainfall 
Mud Flats 
 Large plains of mud created by tides 
 Host rich plant and animal life 
 Prevent flooding by storing water 
 Take in CO2 and produce O2 ]
Step 2 Talk with a partner about an environmentally important place. 
| Example | 
Jisu: Today, I’m going to talk about the importance of mud flats. They have an essential role in keeping the Earth healthy. 
Mike: Why are they so essential? 
Jisu: Because mud flats host rich plant and animal life. 
Mike: I didn’t know that. They should be protected. 
Jisu: Right. They need to be protected to save all of the life that lives in them. 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the parts in purple. 
The city was flooded for over 3 months. 
The world must support all these hungry mouths. 
Real Talk 
A Complete the cartoon with your own words. 
1 
M: What are you doing? 
W: I'm looking for somewhere to go for our family trip. 
2
M: Do you have any place in mind? 
W: No, I just want to see something impressive. 
3
M: Last month, I went to Jeongdongjin. I saw the sunrise. 
1 ! 
4 
W: Sounds interesting. 
M: I bet you'd like it. 
5
W: By the way, have you chosen which memory you'll share in Korean class? 
6
M: 2 my experience in Jeongdongjin. 
W: Woah, you must have been really moved by the sunrise. 
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then practice the dialog with a partner. 
Before You Read 
A Fill in the blanks with factors that affect weathering. 
rain 
wave 
Weathering 
B Put the pictures into the forming order. 
pebble
soil 
rock 
C Do research on karsts and find 3 things about them. 
Karsts 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Wonders of Weathering
Limestone is found everywhere on Earth. These areas are very sensitive to weathering, which may create a specific landscape called a karst. Karsts are unique landscapes formed by the underground erosion of limestone by water. Karsts are formed over a long period of time, and they offer a great wealth of scientific and educational opportunities. Underground karst environments, in particular, can provide a relatively undisturbed window into landform evolution and past environmental conditions. 
keep in mind 
Underline the key word of the paragraph.
limestone sensitive weathering specific erosion 
For a limestone landscape to develop into a karst landscape, several conditions are necessary. Calcium carbonate must comprise at least 80% of the rock. The rock must also contain pockets of air, and have a cover of thick vegetation. In karst landscapes weathering is concentrated along the joints and bedding planes of the limestone, producing a number of different features. Rainwater made acidic by carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and soil slowly makes its way into cracks in the limestone, dissolving the rock. As with all weathering processes, time is a factor. Early in the 20th century, karst landscapes were understood to progress through evolutionary stages of development, as if they were aging. But today these landscapes are thought to be locally unique, a result of specific conditions. Mature karst landscapes do display certain characteristic forms. 
carbonate comprise vegetation joint concentrate acidic atmosphere crack dissolve factor bedding plane carbon dioxide
The weathering of limestone landscapes creates several characteristic features, such as sinkholes, tower karsts, and caves. Regions that do not have surface streams and whose water passage occurs below the land’s surface are home to hundreds of sinkholes. Sinkholes may vary in form and size from 1 to 600 meters both in diameter and depth. One of the more famous limestone sinkholes is Neversink Pit in Alabama, USA. It is the most-photographed sinkhole in the world because of its beautiful falls and ledges covered with green plants. Neversink Pit is home to several rare and endangered fern species. 
keep in mind 
Write down three kinds of karst.
sinkhole region surface passage ledge endangered fern species 
In wet hot regions, karst landscapes form when uneven weathering leaves isolated and resistant limestone blocks standing. These resistant towers are most remarkable in several areas of China, such as near Guilin, where tower karsts up to 200 meters high interrupt an otherwise flat plain. The Guilin area was under a shallow sea several hundred million years ago. Salty seawater kept dissolving and  wearing down underly ing limestone layers, and slowly created the unique shapes of Guilin’s hills. Due to the movement of the earth’s crust, the sea disappeared. After another 70 million years, with the help of wind, rain, and rivers above and under g round, the isolated limestone tops and amazing caves of Guilin have been created. 
keep in mind 
Underline the key word of the paragraph. 
Caves form in areas with limestone because it is so easily dissolved. Cave habitats are unique. They are almost completely closed, self-contained ecosystems with simple food chains and great stability. In total darkness, plants, spiders, fish, and small mammals have adapted to this stable environment . Archaeological evidence of humans who once lived in caves, can help reveal details about the ancient past. It also provides evolutionary links to the past, and can help determine ancient human and animal migration patterns. 
uneven remarkable flat shallow crust self-contained stability mammal archaeological determine wear down 
In addition to creating beautiful natural environments, limestone has been used as a building material for thousands of years. Limestone is a rock that is easily carved, making it ideal for building st ructures. For this reason, it was used to build structures such as pyramids and columned buildings in ancient Egypt and Greece. Limestone structures were also common in ancient Mayan architecture. Since large quantities of limestone could easily be produced, the Mayans were able to build impressive temples and stepped pyramids. 
Limestone gives us very peculiar landscapes all around the world. They are places of wonder, but also provide us with useful scientific information. These landscapes are important resources, containing the Earth’s history. 
keep in mind
Why has limestone been used as a building material for a long time? 
carve ideal columned quantity peculiar 
After You Read 
A Fill in the blanks with the phrases in the box. 
1. Calcium carbonate must comprise of the limestone rock. 
2. The rock must contain pockets of air, and have a cover of thick . 
3. is concentrated along the joints and bedding planes of the limestone. 
4. made acidic by carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and soil slowly makes its way into cracks in the limestone. 
weathering rainwater 80% vegetation caves 
T
F
1. Guilin was under the sea millions of years ago, and salty water kept dissolving the rock, producing very peculiar landscapes. 
2. Limestone caves not only provide evolutionary evidence of plants and animals but also important information about human history. 
3. Karsts are created in a short time. 
4. It is difficult to find limestone because most of it has been used up. 
5. Ancient societies used limestone because it is easily carved.
B Check T for true or F for false. 
C Choose one place and talk about how you think it will look in millions of years. 
Language Lounge 
un-
even
→
uneven
en-
danger 
→
endanger 
fortunate
→
unfortunate
courage 
→
encourage
usual
→
unusual 
able
→
enable 
→
→
A Word Formation 
 Uneven weathering leaves isolated limestone blocks standing. 
 It was unfortunate that she couldn’t speak Italian. 
 Neversink Pit is home to several rare and endangered fern species. 
 We needed to encourage them to stay strong. 
B Word Combination 
cave 
+
habitat 
a wealth of 
+
opportunities
natural 
information 
aquatic
experience
 Cave habitats are self-contained ecosystems with simple food chains. 
 The area is a natural habitat for many species of endangered animals. 
 Its landscapes offer a great wealth of scientific and educational opportunities. 
 My friend has a wealth of experience in the industry. 
C Words in Context 
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three. 
 This sentence ends with a(n) . 
 Karsts are formed over a long of time. 
 We have five (e)s of math a week. 
D Focus on Form 
1. Karsts are unique landscapes formed by the erosion of limestone. 
 I stood by the house decorated with flowers. 
 He cleaned the windows broken by the strong wind. 
2. Mature karst landscapes do display certain characteristic forms. 
 I do believe that we have met somewhere before. 
 Sue really did want to go to graduate school. 
Write It Out 
A Combine the two sentences into one. 
| Example | 
Karsts are unique landscapes. 
 + 
They are formed by underground water. 
→ Karsts are unique landscapes formed by underground water. 
1. I crossed a bridge. + It was built a week ago. 
→ I crossed a bridge . 
2. This is a novel. + It is written by a famous writer. 
→ This is a novel . 
B Complete the sentences. Change the forms of the words if necessary. 
| Example | 
Jenny: I don’t think you enjoy watching movies. 
Steve: That’s not true, I really do enjoy watching movies. 
(enjoy, watching, do) 
1. Junho: Why didn’t you call me? 
Minji: I , but you didn’t pick up. (call, do, you) 
2. Andy: Your shirt isn’t pressed. Did you iron it? 
Sue: I , but it wrinkles easily. (iron, do, it) 
C Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks. 
Water the cracks in the rock. 
As the climate cools the water . 
Water and the rock apart. 
freezes, expands, fills, breaks 
D Write a paragraph about the weathering process using the information above. 
Weathering occurs when a rock is broken into smaller pieces. 
This process is most common in windy areas, or in stream channels. 
Work Together |Exploring karsts all around the world 
Step 1 Get in groups of 4-5 and look at these karst areas around the world. Choose one place that you’d like to know more about. 
Step 2 Do some research on the one that you chose and take notes. 
Place 
Name 
Types of Karst 
Features 
Hanoi, 
Vietnam 
Ha Long Bay 
Tower Karst 
 1600 islands 
 50-100m high 
Step 3 Present your group's report to the class. 
| Example | 
I’d like to introduce Ha Long Bay in Hanoi, Vietnam. It is tower karst. It is made up of some 1600 limestone towers. The towers are 50 - 100 meters high. 
Around the World 
A Look at these wonderful places and match them with their features. 
The Great Barrier Reef 
 Country: Australia 
 Feature: 
Mount Everest
 Country: Nepal
 Feature: 
Lake Baikal 
 Country: Russia
 Feature: 
Iguazu Falls 
 Country: Brazil
 Feature: 
 One of the world’s largest falls 
 The oldest and deepest lake in the world 
 The highest mountain in the world 
 The world’s largest formation created by living organisms 
B Search more places online and share your findings with the class. 
Place 
Country
Features
Galapagos 
Ecuador
Check It Yourself 
A Listening 
Answer the questions. 
1. Which scene are they talking about? 
2. What is the boy going to do this weekend? 
 Take a picture of his friend 
 Read a mystery novel 
 Go to a photo exhibition 
 Visit Jusanji 
B Speaking 
Answer the questions below. You will be given 2 minutes to prepare your answer. 
1. What is the most impressive place you’ve ever been to? 
2. When did you visit it? 
3. Why did you like it? 
4. What kinds of things did you see or experience? 
C Reading 
Which is the best title for the passage? 
In addition to creating beautiful natural environments, limestone has been used as a building material for thousands of years. Limestone is a rock that is easily carved, making it ideal for building structures. For this reason, it was used to build structures such as pyramids and columned buildings in ancient Egypt and Greece. Limestone structures were also common in ancient Mayan architecture. Since large quantities of limestone could easily be produced, the Mayans were able to build impressive temples and stepped pyramids. 
 Characteristics of Ancient Buildings 
 Limestone Landscapes in Greece 
 Essential Building Skills 
 Limestone: the Ideal Building Material 
D Writing 
Write about the best field trip you've ever been on. Include the following information: 
 Where you went 
 When it happened 
 What you experienced 
scripts 
Lesson 5 Wonders of Weathering 
Let’s Communicate 1 p.98 
A Listen In 
M: I’ve been looking through an album of yours. Is this really you in the photo? 
W: Yes, it’s me. I think it was taken when I was twelve. 
M: Look at you! You were so small. By the way, where was it taken? 
W: I was visiting Taejongdae, near Busan. It’s the most impressive cliff I’ve ever seen. 
B Listen & Do 
W: Have you seen the TV show ‘Earth-Scape’? 
M: No, I haven’t. What’s it about? 
W: It’s about beautiful landscapes formed by weathering. 
M: It sounds like a documentary. 
W: It is. I learned a bit more about Earth Science. I saw rocks that look like trees because of weathering. 
M: Rocks like trees? I can’t believe it! 
W: It’s the most impressive landscape I’ve ever seen. There are fossils of ancient animals in the rocks, too. I want to visit and see them! 
M: Cool! It sounds amazing. 
Let’s Communicate 2 p.100 
A Listen In 
G: Have you decided on your presentation topic for science class? 
B: Not yet. Have you? 
G: Yes, I’m going to talk about weather forecasting. 
B: Why did you choose that topic? 
G: I’ve always wanted to know how people forecast the weather. 
B Listen & Do 
W: Today we are going to talk about climate change around the world. Scientists say that the ocean level is rising because of global warming. In 20 years, many low-lying pacific islands such as Vanuatu and parts of Papua New Guinea will have disappeared. Actually, people all over the world are now experiencing disasters like flooding and snow storms. Bangkok was recently flooded for over 3 months. Last year in New York, they had record-breaking snow storms during fall. 
Real Talk p.102 
1 
B: What are you doing? 
G: I’m looking for somewhere to go for our family trip. 
2 
B: Do you have any place in mind? 
G: No, I just want to see something impressive. 
3 
B: Last month, I went to Jeongdongjin. I saw the sunrise. It was the most impressive sunrise I’ve ever seen! 
4 
G: Sounds interesting. 
B: I bet you’d like it. 
5 
G: By the way, have you chosen which memory you’ll share in Korean class? 
6 
B: I’m going to talk about my experience in Jeongdongjin. 
G: Woah, you must have been really moved by the sunrise. 
Check It Yourself p.116 
A Listening 
B: Hey! Long time no see. What’s new? 
G: Well, these days, I’m interested in taking photos. So I’ve been traveling quite a bit to take great pictures. 
B: Where have you been going? 
G: Jusanji. Before I tell you about it, look at this picture first. 
B: Wow! This is the most beautiful photo I’ve ever seen! You took this photo? 
G: Yes, I did. 
B: What a great shot. The trees standing in the middle of the water look very mysterious. Where is this? 
G: It’s an artificial pond, called Jusanji. It’s on the foot of Juwangsan. 
B: Can you tell me how to get there? I’d like to visit this weekend. 
<Lesson 6>
High School English I 
Lesson 6 Rehearse More, Remember Longer! 
Communicative Functions 
It's important to review the words. 
I totally forgot about it. 
Language Form 
 You'll forget the number unless you "rehearse" it in some way. 
 It is often too much to memorize in the brief amount of time remaining before a test. 
Get Ready 
A Look at the pictures for 30 seconds and try to memorize the location of the animals. 
B How many did you memorize? What was your strategy? Talk with a partner. 
Your Strategy 
Let’s Communicate 1 |It's important to review the words. 
A Listen In 
1. Fill in the blank. 
basic 
relating to, or forming a base or basis 
a few basic facts 
( ) 
a useful suggestion or idea 
a ~ on painting 
benefit 
an advantage; a good thing 
This book was of much ~ to me. 
2. What does the woman say is important for the test preparation? 
 Making word cards 
 Reviewing several times 
 Testing what you memorized 
B Listen & Do 
1. Which book did Minho probably recommend? 
2. Listen again. Check T for true or F for false. 
T
F
 They are talking about English writing skills. 
 The man’s test score has improved. 
 The man believes that practice makes perfect. 
 The woman doesn’t mind if people laugh at her.
C Speak Out 
Step 1 These are some different memorizing techniques. Read them and introduce your own tip. 
Combining letters 
Automatic 
Teller 
Machine 
 Form a new word from each first letter in a phrase. 
Bedtime recital 
 Recite just before going to bed. 
Rhyming 
30 days have September, April, June and Novermber 
 Draw on your auditory memory. 
Grouping 
Fruits 
Drinks 
 Organize the material as meaningfully as you can. 
Step 2 Talk about a memorizing tip with a partner. 
| Example | 
Amy: Today, I couldn’t answer the teacher’s question during History class. Why am I so forgetful, mom? 
Mom: It’s important to review new things just after you’ve learned them. Some memorizing techniques, like rhyming, are very helpful. 
Amy: Rhyming? What’s that? 
Mom: It’s a memorizing technique that involves drawing on your auditory memory. 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the parts in purple. 
I don’t know. Look it up in the dictionary. 
I don’t speak English in front of others very often. 
Let’s Communicate 2 |I totally forgot about it. 
A Listen In 
1. What would you say in this situation? 
2. What did the boy forget? 
The code to unlock the door
His mom's birthday 
A spare cell phone battery 
B Listen & Do 
1. What is the purpose of the talk? 
 To provide tips for overcoming forgetfulness 
 To encourage teenagers to have a dream and make plans for it 
 To introduce ways of becoming a fast learner 
 To define the meaning of a healthy life 
2. Listen again. Choose all the strategies that are mentioned in the dialog. 
 Do things one at a time. 
 Make fixed spaces for everything. 
 Do brain exercises. 
 Be patient. 
C Speak Out 
Step 1 Many people find that a certain sound or smell brings back a happy memory. Give your own example. 
 The smell of rain 
 My grandma’s country house 
 The air smelled sweet before a rainstorm. 
 The smell of cotton candy 
 A day in the amusement park 
 My family went every summer. 
 The sounds of children playing on the swings 
 When I was in nursery school 
 I used to play with my friends all day. 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about smells or sounds that bring back memories for you. 
| Example | 
Yunji: Do you like the smell of rain? 
Junsu: Yeah. It always reminds me of my grandma’s country house. The air would 
smell so sweet before a big rainstorm. 
Yunji: I know what you mean. I totally forgot about that kind of thing. 
Junsu: Because of studying? We all need a change of pace sometimes. 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the way the phrases sound. 
It’s not too late to do something for her. 
It’s not too late to change your mind. 
Real Talk 
A Complete the cartoon with your own words. 
1 
B: Final exams are next week. have you started preparing for them? 
G: Yes, I've gone over everything except for math. It's my weakness. I need help. 
2
B: Do you? I can help you. Will you help me with English in return? 
G: That's a great idea. When you study English, it's important to review the words. 
3
B: The same principle can be applied to studying math. 
1 practice solving each type of problem several times. 
4
G: I see. But 2 the formulas that we learned in middle school. 
5
B: That's not a problem. You can always look them up in the textbook when you need them. 
6 
G: Thanks. Here's one more tip. Try reading books out loud. 
B: Thanks. I sure hope we get good grades! 
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then practice the dialog with a partner. 
Before You Read 
A What are your study habits like? 
Statement
Always
Sometimes
Never
1 
I enjoy learning. 
2 
I pay attention in class. 
3 
I take notes during class. 
4 
I complete assignments on time. 
5 
I review what I learned after class. 
6 
I read the next lesson before class. 
7 
I set a regular time for studying every day. 
8 
I participate actively in group activities. 
9 
I ask questions when I don’t understand something. 
10 
I know what environment best works for me to study. 
Score: Always=5 points Sometimes=3 points Never=0 points 
Score 
Result 
41 or more 
You are an active learner. 
Keep up your good study habits! 
31-40 
You are an involved learner. 
You need a little more effort to become an active learner. 
21-30 
You are interested in learning, 
but need more participation. 
20 or below 
You need to get involved in your learning. 
B Compare scores with a partner and talk about ways you can form good study habits.
Rehearse More, Remember Longer! 
Ms. Kim: Hello! My name is Minseon Kim and I work at the Study Assistance Program. Today, I’ll speak with you about reviewing textbook materials and preparing for tests. Remembering what you study is a key skill to be successful in high school. Memory is a basic element of daily life. The problem is that even though we’d all like to have a great memory, most of us haven’t learned how to effectively remember things. In t hi s presentation, I’ll explain how memories are formed and stored in your brain. Let’s get started! 
keep in mind 
Underline the sentences that show the topic of the lecture. 
assistance material element effectively store 
prepare for 
First of all, you need to understand the material you are studying before you attempt to memorize it. Understanding is the first step toward memorization. To understand material efficiently, you first need to organize it properly. Have a look at this slide. You can organize material by using techniques like these: 
How to organize material 
 Underline and write notes in your textbook. 
 Outline or map information. 
 Take good notes. 
 Prepare summaries. 
 Make test review cards. 
If you organize material consistently as you study, you’ll be more prepared to rehearse and memorize it. Now we’re ready to move on to the “rehearsal” part of memory. After you understand the material, you will be ready to begin memorizing it. One serious mistake students make when preparing for tests is leaving too little study time to transfer what they are studying into long-term memory. There is often too much to memorize in the brief amount of time remaining before the test. In this situation, students rely heavily on their short-term memory. However, as the term implies, information only remains in your short-term memory temporarily. 
keep in mind 
Underline the sentence showing topic change. 
attempt efficiently properly rehearse imply temporarily rely on 
 Let me use an example. Imagine trying to call a telephone number that a friend told you five minutes ago. The number has been put into your short-term memory and will be forgotten in a minute, or even seconds , un less you do something to transfer it into long-term memory. In other words, you’ll forget the number unless you “rehearse” it in some way. 
Rehearsal means taking specific steps to transfer information into long-term memory. Typical steps include writing information down and repeatedly reciting it aloud. To help you understand, consider how much information you have already stored in your long-term memory: the names of thousands of people, places and things, and the meanings and spellings of thousands of words. You have effectively stored these because you have rehearsed them again and again. 
Too often, students try to review for a test by simply rereading their notes and their textbook over and over again. But rereading i s a time-consuming process and doesn’t automatically result in remembering. It’s actually a poor method of rehearsal. You’ll need to use more active methods of rehearsal to help you remember information. Now, i f you have any questions, I’d be happy to answer them. 
keep in mind 
What method does the lecturer use to help students understand the meaning of ‘rehearsal?'
transfer specific typical recite 
time-consuming 
S1: Could you tell us some useful ways of transforming short-term memory into long-term memory? 
Ms. Kim: Of course! Here are some tips you should keep in mind. As I mentioned before, when you review for a test, don’t simply read your textbook. Effective rehearsal is necessary unless you want to lose your memory. To remember things better, you can use special memory aids like mnemonics. It’s a technique for remembering information that is otherwise quite difficult to recall. You’re no doubt familiar with some mnemonics. For example, “Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain,” is used for the order of colors in the rainbow: Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet. Here’s another example of mnemonics. When you t r y to remember the seven different coordinating conjunctions, just remember FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So. You could develop your own mnemonics. They are very useful devices for remembering. The more you exercise your brain, the more you’ll remember. This principle is too simple and too important to forget! 
keep in mind 
What does ‘this principle’ in line 20 mean?
transform mnemonics recall principle 
coordinating conjunction 
S2: Ms. Kim? 
Ms Kim: Yes? 
S2: How can I tell if I have transferred information into long-term memory? 
Ms. Kim: I’m glad you asked that. Here’s a simple way of testing yourself. Try to write the information you’ve been working on to memorize on a blank sheet of paper. If the material is in your long-term memory, you’ll be able to recall it and write it down. If you can’t write it, then you need to rehearse it further. Any other questions? No? OK, I’d like to thank you all for taking the time to listen to my presentation. I hope that you’ve all learned how to study more effectively! 
keep in mind 
Underline the expression that closes the lecture. 
blank further 
After You Read 
A What is the purpose of the lecture? 
 To help students remember materials effectively 
 To provide students with a lot of memorizing tips 
 To encourage students to develop their own study skills
B Match the tips with the statements below. 
How to review and memorize textbook materials 
 Make sure you understand. 
 Use organizing techniques. 
 Rehearse. 
 Use special memory aids. 
1. You can use special memory aids like mnemonics. These are techniques for remembering information that is otherwise quite difficult to recall. 
2. Effective rehearsal is necessary if you want to lock information into long-term memory. 
3. Understanding is the first step towards memory. 
4. You can organize material by using techniques like outlining or mapping information and taking good notes. 
C Fill in the blanks to complete the summary. 
We can remember what we ( ). To understand material efficiently, you need to ( ) it properly. If you organize material consistently as you study, you will be more prepared to rehearse and memorize it. Through ( ) materials are stored in long-term memory. 
Language Lounge 
A Word Formation 
assist 
- ance 
assistance 
memor(y) 
- ize 
memorize
guide
guidance 
categor(y) 
categorize 
perform
performance 
econom(y) 
economize 
 My name is Minseon Kim and I work at the Study Assistance Program. 
 She needs some guidance on which university she should choose. 
 If you organize material as you study, you’ll be more prepared to memorize it. 
 You can economize on gas by walking or riding a bike. 
make
+
a mistake
long-term
+
memory
admit
photographic
correct
poor
B Word Combination 
 Students make a serious mistake by not leaving themselves enough study time. 
 Even then Mike would not admit his mistakes. 
 Could you tell us some ways of transforming short-term memory into long-term memory? 
 Jamie is a gifted child who has a photographic memory. 
C Words in Context 
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three. 
 Try to write the information on a(n) sheet of paper. 
 John stared at me with a(n) expression on his face. 
 My computer screen goes for no reason. 
D Focus on Form 
1. You’ll forget the number unless you “rehearse” it in some way. 
 I’ll be there at seven unless the train is late. 
 You can’t apply for the job unless you’ve got experience. 
2. There is often too much to memorize in the brief amount of time remaining before the test. 
 The price seems almost too good to be true. 
 By the time she gets home, she’s too tired to do anything. 
Write It Out 
A Rewrite the sentences below. 
| Example | 
They won’t let you in if you don’t wear a tie. 
→ They won’t let you in unless you wear a tie. 
1. If you don’t take an umbrella, you will get wet. 
→ an umbrella, you will get wet. 
2. You will miss the bus if you don’t walk more quickly. 
→ You will miss the bus . 
B Complete the sentences. 
He speaks too fast to be understood. 
This bag is too heavy for me to lift. 
This coffee is too hot to drink. 
1. This coffee is so hot that I drink it. 
2. This bag is so heavy lift it. 
3. He speaks understand him. 
C Listen to the lecture on memory and fill in the blanks.
How to 
achieved in two ways
1) by improving 
2) using 
Tips
1) get 
2) take 
3) utilize 
D Listen again and complete the note. 
How to ( )
achieved in two ways
1) by improving ( ) 
2) using ( )
Tips;
1) get ( ). ( ) can hurt your memory.
2) take ( ). Fish oil improves ( ). 
3) utilize ( ). ( ) will improve memory power, attention, and concentration.
E Check a partner's writing. 
Work Together |Writing advice 
Step 1 Get in groups of 4-5 and read these situations. Discuss how to help each person with your group. 
| Situation 1 | 
My dream is to be an actress. But my parents don’t want me to be. 
– from a future movie star 
| Situation 2 | 
I have been dating with a girl for 2 years and we know how to balance studying and hanging out. But my parents told me I couldn’t see her until I go to university. 
– from let us love 
| Situation 3 | 
I like math and study very hard, but my test score on the final exam was awful. What should I do? 
– from a math lover 
Step 2 Write a letter of advice like this one. 
Dear future movie star, 
Many students want to be a movie star or singer these days. But it’s important to ( ). After you check if ( ), then ( ). Please remember that ( ). Good luck! 
Step 3 Present your letter to the class. 
Around the World 
A Read the following mnemonics and fill in the blanks with the correct numbers. 
In North America, the digits 2-9 of phone numbers each stand for 3 letters, as shown in the picture. In the past the first two or three digits could be represented by a mnemonic exchange name, as in CAstle-1234(22-1234).
Change first two letters of the following telephone numbers to digits. 
 TOwnsend-2578 → 86-2578 
 TRinity-6412 → 
 KLondike-3599 → 
B The following are emergency telephone numbers around the world. Do some research on emergency numbers and share your findings with a partner. 
Check It Yourself 
A Listening 
Answer the questions. 
1. Why is the woman upset? 
 She doesn’t like her English teacher. 
 She didn’t do well on her English test. 
 She forgot to bring her essay. 
 She couldn’t answer a question. 
2. According to the talk, what memorizing technique is suggested? 
 Mnemonics 
 Rhyming 
 Grouping 
 Mapping information 
B Speaking 
Look at the pictures below and tell a story based on them. You will be given 2 minutes to prepare your answer. 
C Reading 
Which one best fits in the blank? 
Rehearsal means taking specific steps to transfer information into long-term memory. Typical steps include writing information down and repeatedly reciting it aloud. To help you understand, consider how much information you already have stored in your long-term memory: the names of thousands of people, places and things, and the meanings and spellings of thousands of words. You have effectively stored these because you have rehearsed them again and again. 
Too often, students try to review for a test by simply rereading their notes and their textbook over and over again. But rereading is a(n) process and doesn’t automatically result in remembering. It’s actually a poor method of rehearsal. You’ll need to use more active methods of rehearsal to help you remember information. 
 slow 
 time-consuming 
 effective 
 creative 
D Writing 
Write about your own memorizing tip. Include the following information: 
 What your own method is 
 When you usually use it 
 How effective it is 
scripts 
Lesson 6 Rehearse More, Remember Longer! 
Let’s Communicate 1 p.120 
A Listen In 
M: How do you spell rehearsal? 
W: R-E-H- uh... I don’t know. Look it up in the dictionary. What are you working on anyways? 
M: I have a spelling quiz. 
W: When it comes to memorizing words, it’s important to review each word several times. Good luck! 
B Listen & Do 
W: Minho, what are you looking at? 
M: My grades from the English Ability Test. I got a higher score on the speaking part than I did last time. 
W: Good for you! I wish that I could speak English well. Do you have any special strategies? 
M: I think it’s important to use English as often as possible. As you know, practice makes perfect. 
W: I don’t speak English in front of others very often, since I’m so nervous that I’ll make a mistake. 
M: I understand that. But these days I don’t mind if people laugh at me when I speak. They say you can’t learn anything without making mistakes. 
W: You really seem to know a lot about speaking English. Do you have any other tips? 
M: Well, I got a lot of information from this book. Here - it’ll be helpful. 
Let’s Communicate 2 p.122 
A Listen In 
B: Ah! I totally forgot about my mother’s birthday. 
G: Did you? When’s her birthday? 
B: Yesterday. It slipped my mind because of the science project. 
G: It’s not too late to do something for her. 
B Listen & Do 
W: Many people have problems with forgetfulness, and, yes, I am one of those forgetful people. I used to say “I totally forgot about it.” many times a day. So I’ve had to develop various strategies. The following are some of my personal tips for overcoming forgetfulness. First, use your whole mind to remember - you have to really focus to remember important things. Secondly, set storage spaces for everything. Having fixed places for keys, glasses and cell phones is an effective way of preventing forgetfulness. Now I can easily remember where my things are. Thirdly, do regular brain exercises such as puzzles and word games. They will improve memory performance. Lastly, try taking a nap to enhance memory. Note that not only are these tips very easy to use, they are also common sense! 
Real Talk p.124 
1 
B: Final exams are next week. Have you started preparing for them? 
G: Yes, I’ve gone over everything except for math. It’s my weakness. I need help. 
2 
B: Do you? I can help you. Will you help me with English in return? 
G: That’s a great idea. When you study English, it’s important to review the words. 
3 
B: The same principle can be applied to studying math. It’s important to practice solving each type of problem several times. 
4 
G: I see. But I totally forgot the formulas that we learned in middle school. 
5 
B: That’s not a problem. You can always look them up in the textbook when you need them. 
6 
G: Thanks. Here’s one more tip. Try reading books out loud. 
B: Thanks. I sure hope we get good grades! 
Write It Out p.135 
M: A great memory can help you succeed in school, in your job, and in life. Today I’ll talk about some tips that can improve your memory. Memory impro-vement can be achieved in two ways: 1) by improving the health of your brain, and 2) using memory skills. These are useful tips. First, get enough sleep. Poor sleep habits can hurt your memory. Second, take fish oil tablets. Students who take fish oil show a big improvement in behavior and school performance. Lastly, utilize brain games. Playing brain games will improve memory power, attention, concentration, and more. 
Check It Yourself p.138 
A Listening 
M: Jina, is something wrong? You look a little upset. 
W: I couldn’t answer the teacher’s question during English class. I was so embarrassed. 
M: I know how you feel. But don’t worry, it could happen to anyone. 
W: She asked me about coordinating conjunctions. I totally forgot about them. 
M: Don’t you know FANBOYS? 
W: No, I’ve never heard of it. What is FANBOYS? 
M: It’s a kind of memorizing technique called mnemonics. Take the first letters of For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So, and combine them. See? 
W: Oh, that’s great. Now I won’t forget them! 
M: Yeah, it’s really helpful. 
<Lesson 7>
High School English I 
Lesson 7 The Two Faces of Anxiety
Communicative Functions 
You seem to have severe test anxiety. 
What are you anxious about? 
Language Form 
 Before the performance, take a deep breath with your eyes closed. 
 Before a presentation, it can feel as though we are stepping onto a roller coaster. 
Get Ready 
A How do you feel in these situations? 
B Choose the situation that would make you the most anxious. Talk about it with a partner. 
Let’s Communicate 1 |You seem to have severe test anxiety.
A Listen In 
1. If you were the man in the situation, how would you feel? 
Help me find a place ... 
2. Which is the woman’s problem? 
 She lost her computer. 
 She cannot find a file. 
 She doesn’t know how to save her report. 
B Listen & Do 
1. What are the man and woman anxious about? 
The man is anxious about . 
The woman is anxious about . 
2. Listen again. Choose the one not mentioned in the dialog. 
 Coming down with a cold 
 Craving sweets 
 Pounding heart 
 Flushed face 
C Speak Out 
Step 1 Here are some things teens worry about. Read them and add your own. 
The Future 
Teens don't know what the future will hold or how to prepare for it. 
Family Difficulties 
If there's a trouble at home, teens are keely aware of it. 
What Others Think of Them
Teens try to "select" the right identity. They don't want to be viewed in a negative light. 
Relationship with Friends 
Teens need someone to talk to. Building friendships is important to them. 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about your worries. 
| Example | 
Lena: What do you think of the worries in the book? 
Yujin: They seem to be entirely true. I’m actually worried about what others think of me 
all the time. 
Lena: Oh, yeah? Me, too. Every teen probably feels the same way. 
Yujin: I think I care too much about the opinions of others. Sometimes it stresses me out. 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the parts in purple. 
I can’t find it. It seems that I lost it. 
And above all, I can’t think of anything. 
Let’s Communicate 2 |What are you anxious about? 
A Listen In 
1. How do you deal with anxiety? Look at the following and write your own. 
Take a deep breath. 
Talk to friends. 
2. Which picture matches the dialog? 
B Listen & Do 
1. What is the topic of the talk? 
 The Main Causes of Anxiety 
 Effective Strategies for Dealing With Anxiety 
 Common Symptoms of Anxiety 
2. Listen again. Choose the one not mentioned. 
 Delay worrying. 
 Control your mind. 
 Ignore the problem. 
 Analyze worries. 
C Speak Out 
Step 1 These are some ways of handling stress. Read them and add your own. 
Sing a song out loud 
Take a short nap 
Exercise 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about relieving stress. 
| Example | 
Julie: Are you anxious about something? You look a little stressed out. 
Eric: Well, these days I am very stressed. 
Julie: I think you need to relieve some stress for the sake of your health. What do you 
usually do to ease your stress? 
Eric: Sometimes I sing a song out loud to feel more comfortable. 
Julie: In my case, I take a short nap. That always helps me feel refreshed. 
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the parts in purple. 
This worry only makes our lives unnecessarily complicated. 
By analyzing and stepping back from the problem you can evaluate its importance. 
Real Talk 
A Complete the cartoon with your own words. 
1 
B: You’re not yourself today. 2 ? 
2 
G: I’m anxious about moving to a new school. 
3 
B: Don’t worry about it too much. Join a club or sports team and you will have friends in no time. 
4 
G: Yeah, that’s a good idea. What about you? Isn’t there anything you are anxious about? 
5 
B: Actually, I’m really nervous about my stage performance next week. 
G: Oh, really? 2 have any worries. 
6 
B: Well, I guess everyone is anxious about something. Have you got any advice for me? 
G: Try to use your anxiety to help you do your best! 
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then practice the dialog with a partner. 
Before You Read 
A When you feel anxiety, what symptoms do you have? 
 Stiffness 			 Turning red 
 Chest pain 			 Headache 
 Craving sugar 		 Difficulty speaking 
 Feeling dizzy 		 Pounding heart 
Talk about your symptoms with a partner. 
 How many symptoms did you check? 
 How intense are your symptoms? 
 Do you think your level of anxiety is normal? 
B Discuss anxiety with a partner. 
Definition 
Is it good or bad? 
Similar words 
Anxiety 
The Two Faces of Anxiety 
Anxiety is our body’s response to threats — and since life is so often uncertain, we all feel anxious from time to time. Familiar examples include the nervous feeling we experience before an assessment or presentation: it can feel as though we are stepping onto a roller coaster. Most people will agree that being anxious does not feel good. But is anxiety really all that bad for us? 
keep in mind 
Underline the sentence that suggests what will come next. 
anxiety threat assessment 
 Stress makes the heart beat faster, the palms sweat, and the senses switch into overdrive — anxiety can be mentally and physically draining. When the stresses of our personal, family, and work lives start to build-up, it can feel like we have slipped into a state of chronic anxiety, in which stress never seems to stop. 
 That is not to say that all anxiety should be battled. Sometimes it should be embraced, even celebrated. In just the right amounts, the hormones that drive anxiety can be powerful stimulants, sharpening the senses. Talk to people who often have to put everything on the line — fire fighters, live performers, athletes — and you will hear a different story. For them, anxiety is less an unwelcome foe than a familiar friend, a force that can help them achieve great things. In their hands, anxiety is a critical ingredient to being their best. 
keep in mind 
Think about the meaning of "less an unwelcome foe than a familiar friend" in line 16.
overdrive draining chronic embrace stimulant sharpen foe ingredient 
Philosophers and poets, from their perch on the cutting edge of reason, have always seen the advantage of anxiety. It is the “dizziness of reason,” argued SØren Kierkegaard, and the “the handmaiden of creativity,” said T. S. Eliot. 
Richard Lewis, the famous comedian, delivers his stand-up without a fixed script — the comedic equivalent of driving with your eyes closed — yet surfs the performance wave, insisting that he needs his anxiety to make it through his time on stage. “Before I go on, I’m a nervous wreck,” he says. “But ultimately I feel more comfortable being uncomfortable. I feel I’m a better artist without a set list, so I have never used one and never will.” The actress Sarah Bernhardt once told a performer who claimed not to have stage fright, “Don’t worry. It comes with talent.”
perch dizziness handmaiden equivalent ultimately nervous wreck 
The difference, mental health experts are beginning to learn, may have to do with how we respond to the stresses in our lives. Researchers are starting to distinguish between stress from “challenge” and “threat.” They understand that if we treat stress as a difficult but manageable challenge, anxiety may be used to our advantage. In this case, our anxiousness might lead to a particularly enthusiastic performance by an actor, for example, or a record-setting race by an athlete. But if we feel helpless and unable to cope with stress, then anxiety becomes a threat. 
The key is not simply to relax. Rather, it is to learn ways to manage being uneasy. Anxiety itself is neither helpful nor hurtful. It is your response to your anxiety that is helpful or hurtful. Of course, most of the time, it feels as though our brains make that choice by themselves, without ever consulting us. What we need to learn is how we can take charge. 
keep in mind 
Write down what is more important than “Anxiety” itself. 
expert distinguish helpless uneasy consult cope with take charge 
Fortunately, the very same system that drives anxiety in our stressful world may also be our salvation. Because the anxiety is built to bridge the emotional and cognitive parts of the brain, it is possible to train ourselves out of a certain amount of anxiety with what researchers call “habituation.” Babies who cry or become tense when they hear a car horn or the crash of thunder eventually learn that nothing dangerous follows the sound and learn to acknowledge but not react to it. 
Accept that even if your performance does crash and burn, your life will not end. One bad test score will not kill you. And you will certainly survive a ride on the roller coaster. So study well, buckle up, and go for it. With this attitude, your initial anxiety can actually help you make the most of the situation. 
When you are eaten up by anxiety before a performance, take a deep breath with your eyes closed. Stay focused on what is happening to you. What is important is your perspective on the situation. If you think that you can cope with anxiety, you will not feel as stressed. 
keep in mind 
Think about what “this attitude” in line 12 means. 
salvation cognitive habituation horn acknowledge initial buckle up 
After You Read 
A Fill in the blanks using the titles below. 
1 
We experience anxiety before a test, or before stepping on a roller coaster. Most people will agree that being anxious doesn’t feel good. 
2 
Stress makes the heart beat faster, the palms sweat, and the senses switch into overdrive — anxiety can be mentally and physically draining. 
3 
Anxiety is a force that can help them achieve great things. Anxiety is a critical ingredient to being their best. 
4 
Accept that even if your performance does crash and burn, your life will not end. So study well, buckle up, and go for it. What is important is your perspective on the situation. 
A Helpful Attitude on Anxiety 
Is Anxiety Really Bad for Us? 
Disadvantages of Anxiety 
Advantages of Anxiety 
B Which of these statements cannot be inferred from the text? 
 Most people think that being anxious feels bad. 
 Hormones that drive anxiety should be battled because they could be a threat to our work. 
 It’s possible to train ourselves not to react to anxiety. 
 If you think that you cannot cope with the anxiety, you will feel stressed. 
C What is your opinion on the two sides of anxiety? Discuss it with your friends. 
Language Lounge 
A Word Formation 
over-
drive
→
overdrive
assess
-ment
assessment 
do
→
overdo
assign
assignment 
load
→
overload 
employ
employment 
→
 Stress causes the heart to beat faster and the senses to switch into overdrive. 
 Exercise is good for you, but don’t overdo it. 
 Familiar examples include the nervous feeling we experience before an assessment. 
 Bob looked for employment for five months. 
B Word Combination 
drive 
+
anxiety
sharpen
+
senses
a taxi
one's appetite
investment
the edge
 The hormones that drive anxiety can be powerful stimulants. 
 This will drive foreign investment to Africa. 
 In just right amounts, the hormones sharpen the senses. 
 The smell sharpened our appetites. 
C Words in Context 
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three. 
 When the stresses build up, we slip into a(n) of anxiety. 
 New York was the 11th in the USA. 
 There is no need to the obvious. 
D Focus on Form 
1. Before the performance, take a deep breath with your eyes closed. 
 She always sleeps with the light turned on. 
 Don’t sit with your legs crossed. 
2. Before a presentation, it can feel as though we are stepping onto a roller coaster. 
 She talks about him as though he’s still here. 
 He looks as though he hasn’t slept for days. 
Write It Out 
A Complete the sentences. 
| Example | 
[listen to the music, eyes, close] 
→ She listened to the music with her eyes closed. 
1. [drive, radio, turn on] 
→ He . 
2. [stand there, arms, cross] 
→ I . 
B Rearrange the words to complete the sentences. 
| Example | 
I remember the day that I first met her as though it were yesterday. (it, yesterday, were) 
1. It looked as though . 
(sky, were, the, falling, the, from, night, stars) 
2. I felt as though . 
(were, on, I, walking, air) 
C Think about a time you’ve felt anxious and answer the questions below.
Your Experience of Anxiety
Pick a time that you successfully overcame the anxiety. 
1. When did you feel anxious? 
→ 
2. What was the situation like? Describe it. 
→ 
3. What symptoms did you have? 
→ 
4. How did you respond? 
→ 
5. How did you feel afterwards? 
→ 
D Write an essay about your experience of anxiety.
| Example | 
Parties are supposed to be fun. However, there are many people who hate going to parties. I used to be one of them. 
I was invited to a classmate’s birthday party. I started to worry about it when I got the invitation. When I had only a few days left, my anxiety was beyond control. I felt as though I’d stepped onto a roller coaster. But it suddenly occurred to me that I couldn’t just let this feeling take over. I faced my worries by acknowledging them. Then I realized that they had a lot less power. In the end, I ended up having a great time at the party.
Preparing yourself by worrying will only lead to bad experiences. So relax. It’s not worth it!
Work Together |Ways to relieve stress 
Step 1 These are some stressful situations. Get in groups of 3-4 and choose one. 
Giving a presentation 
Taking a test 
Walking on a balance beam 
Step 2 Come up with ideas to overcome the stressful situation and choose the top 3. 
Take it easy, and take a test! 
1. Study hard and be prepared for the test. 
2. 
3. 
Step 3 Introduce your group’s ideas to the class.
Around the World 
A These are some effective natural stress reducers. Discuss them with a partner. 
Yoga 
 Makes your body stronger and more flexible. 
 Helps you calm your mind and release stress. 
 From the ancient culture of India. 
Squash 
 Prevents various health problems. 
 Gives you time to be alone with your thoughts. 
 Developed by religious institutions in France. 
Salsa dancing 
 Builds strength. 
 Gives you a chance to relax and enjoy yourself. 
 Comes from Cuba. 
B Research some more ways to reduce stress and share your findings with your classmates. 
Ways to relieve stress 
Check It Yourself 
A Listening 
Answer the questions. 
1. What are the speakers mainly talking about? 
 Improving grades 
 Adapting to a new school 
 Making up with friends 
 Taking a language course 
2. What is the woman’s advice? 
 Find a way to solve the problem on your own. 
 Stop worrying and focus on the problem itself. 
 Look on the bright side rather than worrying too much. 
 Take a break and get away from all your problems. 
B Speaking 
Read this problem and provide your own solution. You will be given 2 minutes to think about your solution. 
I have a lot of worries. I’m anxious about almost everything. I know worries don’t help but I just can’t stop them. How can I worry less? What should I do? 
C Reading 
What is the purpose of the passage? 
Accept that even if your performance does crash and burn, your life will not end. One bad test score will not kill you. And you will certainly survive a ride on the roller coaster. So study well, buckle up, and go for it. With this attitude, your initial anxiety can actually help you make the most of the situation. 
When you are eaten up by anxiety before performance, take a deep breath with your eyes closed. Stay focused on what is happening to you. What is important is your perspective on the situation. If you think that you can cope with anxiety, you will not feel as stressed. 
 To explain how brain works when we are stressed 
 To insist that anxiety has a positive side 
 To suggest some great ways to relieve your stress 
 To advise how to deal with anxiety wisely 
D Writing 
Write about one of your worries. Include the following information: 
 What you worry about 
 Why it bothers you 
 What you have tried to stop it 
scripts 
Lesson 7 The Two Faces of Anxiety 
Let’s Communicate 1 p.142 
A Listen In 
W: Hi, Jiho. This is Megan. I need your help. 
M: Hi, Megan. You seem anxious about something. What’s up? 
W: I think I saved a report on my USB, but I can’t find the file. It seems that I lost it. 
M: Ok. Don’t worry. I will tell you what to do to restore the lost file. 
B Listen & Do 
M: I heard that most people have a certain anxiety about something. What about you? 
W: Well, I become very tense before speaking in front of a group, like when I have to deliver a speech. 
M: What are some of the symptoms of anxiety that you notice? 
W: I crave sugar and sweets and I have difficulty speaking. Sometimes I can’t even move my mouth. 
M: Really? In my case, I feel really nervous before taking a test. 
W: Yeah, but everyone feels nervous in a test situation. 
M: Right, but my case is extreme. My heart pounds and I get a flushed face. And above all, I can’t think of anything. 
W: You seem to have severe test anxiety. 
M: No kidding! 
Let’s Communicate 2 p.144 
A Listen In 
W: You’re not yourself today. What are you anxious about? 
M: Actually, I feel really nervous about my final exam. I’m a little bit dizzy. 
W: Woah, you must have test anxiety. 
M: Yes, I always get very similar symptoms before every test. 
W: Why don’t you try taking deep breaths before starting the test? It might work. 
B Listen & Do 
W: What are you anxious about? We all spend too much time worrying about things. And this worry only makes our lives unnecessarily complicated and painful. However, there is hope. With the following strategies, each of us can reduce our worries and anxieties. First, delay worrying. Tell yourself, “let me worry about this tomorrow.” Second, control your thoughts. The key to reducing anxiety is gaining the ability to control your mind. A final approach is to analyze your anxiety. Ask yourself, “Why am I worrying about this? Could I be wrong?” By analyzing and stepping back from the problem, you can evaluate its importance. This is an effective way to reduce the power of our worries. 
Real Talk p.146 
1 
B: You’re not yourself today. What are you anxious about? 
2 
G: I’m anxious about moving to a new school. 
3 
B: Don’t worry about it too much. Join a club or sports team and you will have friends in no time. 
4 
G: Yeah, that’s a good idea. What about you? Isn’t there anything you are anxious about? 
5 
B: Actually, I’m really nervous about my stage performance next week. 
G: Oh, really? You don’t seem to have any worries. 
6 
B: Well, I guess everyone is anxious about something. Have you got any advice for me? 
G: Try to use your anxiety to help you do your best! 
Check It Yourself p.160 
A Listening 
W: What are you anxious about? You seem worried. 
M: You know, I’m transferring to a new school. I’m really nervous about that. 
W: Don’t worry about it too much. I’m pretty sure you’ll adapt to your new school just fine. 
M: You really think so? Can I make new friends there? What if they don’t accept me? 
W: You’re expecting the worst. Of course they’ll be nice to you. 
M: I hope so. I also worry that I might not be able to catch up in classes. 
W: The text books could be a little different. But you’ll be learning similar things. 
M: Are you saying that I don’t need to worry? 
W: No need to worry. Why don’t you look at the positive side of it? It’ll be great to meet new people. If I were you, I’d be excited! 
<Lesson 8>
High School English I 
Lesson 8 Story of the Biro 
Communicative Functions 
Can you say that again? 
I can't wait to see it with my own eyes. 
Language Form 
 It was in 1884 that an insurance salesman had patented the fountain pen. 
 Without the passion and inventiveness of the Biro brothers, it would have been impossible. 
Get Ready 
A Think of the names of writing tools. Write them in the blanks. 
fountain pen 
B Open your pencil case and check the items that you have. 
eraser 		 	mechanical pencil 	 
fountain pen 	 	high-lighter 		 
ballpoint pen 	 	correction pen 		 
what else? 
Let’s Communicate 1 |Can you say that again?
A Listen In 
1. Number the items in the order of their invention. 
2. Which are they talking about? 
B Listen & Do 
1. Circle the item that they are talking about. 
T
F
 The man bought a used PC.
 The man is happy with the size of his PC. 
 The woman knew a lot about a patent case. 
 Atlas has won the patent rights to the touch screen.
2. Listen again. Check T for true or F for false. 
C Speak Out 
Step 1 Here are some online websites where people with the same interests get together. Match them with the appropriate descriptions. 
☞ The skill of making things from wood 
☞ Good for birthday gifts 
☞ The practice of traditional Asian handwriting 
☞ Good for calming down 
☞ The skill of writing and drawing with chalk 
☞ Good for decorating 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about your interests. 
| Example | 
Brian: Jinsu, check this out. I just joined a calligraphy website. 
Jinsu: You joined what? Can you say that again? 
Brian: Calligraphy. It’s the practice of traditional Asian handwriting. 
Jinsu: I had no idea that you were interested in that. 
Brian: Yeah, I really need to have a hobby to calm myself. 
Sound Tips 
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the parts in purple. 
Actually the word pen comes from the Latin word, ‘penna,’ which means feather. 
You sure know a lot about pens. 
Let’s Communicate 2 |I can't wait to see it with my own eyes. 
A Listen In 
1. Which item is in both pictures? 
2. Which pencil does the man admire? 
B Listen & Do 
1. What is the topic of the dialog? 
 Buying a Fountain Pen Online 
 How to Enjoy Online Shopping
 Advantages of Wooden Pens 
2. Listen again. What is the woman going to buy? 
C Speak Out 
Step 1 These are some fun and unique pens. Choose one that you like and add your own. 
Ballpoint Pen with Spiral Cartridge 
 Has more space to store ink. 
 Lasts twice as long. 
Candy Pen 
 Made of candy. 
 Chew it while you write. 
Utensil Pen 
 Has a utensil-shaped cap. 
 Eat while you work. 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about a unique pen. 
| Example | 
Lucy : What’s that? Is it a pen? It looks so strange. 
Brian : It’s a candy pen! It is made of candy. 
Lucy : You mean you can chew it while you write? Oh, that’s cool. 
Brian : You can buy one at the stationery store. They’re on sale. 
Lucy : I can’t wait to buy one and try it myself. 
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the way the phrases sound. 
Then, which of the three do you like best? 
Which do you like better, the book or the movie? 
Real Talk 
A Complete the cartoon with your own words. 
1 
M: Welcome to Pen&Pen Online Shopping. How may I help you? 
2 
W: Do you still have the Tower Bridge pencil sharpener in stock? 
3 
M: Excuse me, but do you happen to know its product number? 
W: Yeah, it’s LL8HC09. 
4 
M: Sorry but 1 the last two digits ? 
W: 0-9. 
5 
M: Ah, we have it. It’s the hottest item for people who want something exotic. 
6 
W: That’s me. Can I order it now? 2 to use it. 
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then practice the dialog with a partner. 
Before You Read 
A Match the right names with the parts of a ballpoint pen. 
ink cartridge point spring 
B Think about the problems with fountain pens and add your own. 
Must be refilled frequently.
Leak easily. 
Tear through the paper. 
Story of the Biro 
One windy autumn morning in 1945, five thousand shoppers were crowded outside Gimbels Department Store in New York City. The day before, Gimbels had taken out a full-page newspaper advertisement in the New York Times, announcing the sale of the first ballpoint pens in the United states. The new writing instrument was heralded as “fantastic ... miraculous ... guaranteed to write for two years without refilling!” Within six hours, Gimbels had sold its entire stock of ten thousand ballpoints at $12.50 each — approximately $130 at today’s prices. 
keep in mind 
What does “the new writing instrument” in line 5 refer to?
instrument herald miraculous guarantee entire stock approximately 
In fact this “new” pen was not new after all, and was just the latest development in a long search for the best way to deliver ink to paper. It was in 1884 that an insurance salesman had patented the fountain pen, giving him the sole r ight s to manufacture it . This marked a significant advance in writing technology, but fountain pens soon became notorious for leaking. In 1888 a leather tanner devised and patented the first “rolling-pointed marker pen” for marking on his leather products, which then-common fountain pens could not do. His pen had a small rotating steel ball, held in place by a socket. Although it could be used to mark rough surfaces such as leather, it proved to be too coarse for letter writing. For this reason, his pen was never manufactured and over the next five decades, 350 additional patents were issued for similar ball-type pens, though none advanced beyond the design stage. Each had their own faults, but the major difficulty was the ink: if the ink was thin, the pens leaked, and if it was too thick, they clogged. Depending on the climate or air temperature, sometimes the pens would do both. 
keep in mind 
What is the major difficulty in manufacturing pens? Answer in one word. 
patent sole manufacture significant notorious leak tanner socket coarse clog 
 Almost fifty years later, a Hungarian named LázlóBíócame up with a solution to this problem. In 1935 Bíówas working as a journalist, edit ing a small newspaper. He found himself becoming more and more annoyed by the amount of time he wasted filling fountain pens with ink and cleaning up ink smudges. What was more, the sharp tip of his fountain pen often scratched or tore through the thin newsprint paper. Bíóhad noticed that inks used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge free. He decided to create a pen using the same type of ink. However, the thicker ink would not flow from a regular pen nib, so he had to develop a new type of point. Since, when tried, this sticky ink would not flow into a regular fountain pen nib, Bíó with the help of his brother Georg, a chemist, developed a new tip consisting of a ball that was free to turn in a socket. As the pen moved along the paper, the ball bearing rotated and picked up ink from the ink cartridge which it delivered to the paper. 
keep in mind 
What is the “solution” in line 2? 
smudge flow nib sticky 
The first Bíópen, like the designs that had gone before it, relied on gravity for the ink to flow to the ball bearing at the tip, so that the pens only worked when they were held straight up. The Bíóbrothers rethought their design and eventually devised a new pen, which relied on capillary action rather than gravity to feed the ink. This meant that the ink could flow more smoothly to the tip and the pen could be held at an angle rather than straight up. In 1938, as World War II broke out, the Bíóbrothers escaped to Argentina, where they applied for a patent for their pen and established their first factory. 
keep in mind 
How did the Bíró brothers solve the ink problem?
gravity eventually smoothly establish capillary action break out apply for 
In June 1943, the Bíóbrothers took out a new patent with the European Patent Of f ice and made the f irst commercial models, Bíópens. Later, the British government bought the rights to the patented pens so that the pens could be used by Royal Air Force pilots. In addition to being tougher than conventional fountain pens, ballpoint pens wrote at high altitudes with reduced pressure. Without their successful performance for the Royal Air Force, Bíópens would not have been brought into the limelight. 
keep in mind 
Why did the Bí1rópen appeal to the Air Force? 
conventional altitude reduced into the limelight 
The Bíópen soon came to the attention of American fighter pilots. Apparently, it was ideal for pilots, as it did not leak like the fountain pen and did not have to be refilled frequently. The United States Department of War contacted several American companies, asking them to manufacture a similar writing instrument in the U.S. Fortune smiled on the Bíóbrothers in May 1945, when an American pencil company paid them $500,000 for the exclusive manufacturing and marketing rights of the Bíóballpoint for the North American market. 
keep in mind 
What is the meaning of “Fortune smiled on the Bíró brothers” in line 6?
apparently contact exclusive 
Modern ballpoint pens are so common that we do not even think about them any more. In this electronic age of e-mail and cell phones, though, there is still no substitute for pen and paper. Even as you surf the Web, you probably have a pen within easy reach to jot down notes, scribble phone numbers, or even to doodle! Impressively more than 100 billion ballpoint pens have been sold. Without the passion and inventiveness of the Bíóbrothers, it would have been impossible. LázlóBíódied in Buenos Aires in 1985 and Argentina’s Inventor’s Day is celebrated on his birthday, September the 29th. 
keep in mind 
Guess the meaning of “jot down,” “scribble,” and “doodle.” 
substitute scribble doodle impressively jot down 
After You Read 
A Organize the statements in the correct order. 
 The Bíóbrothers establish their first ballpoint pen factory.
 Ballpoint pens are sold first at $12.50 each. 
 The Bíóbrothers invent the first Bíópen. 
 The British government buys the rights to ballpoint pens. 
 A leather tanner devises the first rolling-pointed marker pen. 
B Check T for true or F for false. 
T
F
1. Fountain pens were notorious for leaking.
2. Georg, a doctor, helped his brother invent the ballpoint pen.
3. The BíÓbrothers applied for a patent in Hungary. 
4. Ballpoint pens were favored by American pilots.
C Look at the cartoon and complete the sentence. 
I wrote the letter in bed. 
You’re lying. You can’t write lying on your bed. 
How did he know that? 
The pen only works when held straight because .
Language Lounge 
A Word Formation 
journal
-ist
journalist 
re-
think 
→
rethink 
violin
violinist 
cover
→
recover 
column
columnist 
confirm 
→
reconfirm 
→
 Bíówas working as a journalist, editing a small newspaper. 
 The great violinist will be solely missed. 
 The Bíóbrothers rethought their design and eventually devised a new pen. 
 This was reconfirmed at the summer meeting last month. 
B Word Combination 
establish
+
a factory
issue
+
a patent
order
bank notes
a theory 
a magazine
 The Bíóbrothers established their first factory. 
 She agreed that the purpose of government was to establish order in society. 
 350 additional patents were issued for similar ball-type pens. 
 It will issue 5 million bank notes beginning next week. 
C Words in Context 
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three. 
 It gives him the rights to manufacture it. 
 There’s a hole in the of your shoe. 
 The of my right foot hurts when I walk. 
D Focus on Form 
1. It was in 1884 that a salesman had patented the fountain pen. 
 It was my father that opened my eyes to the world of mathematics. 
 It was her diary that really moved me. 
2. Without the passion of the Bíóbrothers, it would have been impossible. 
 Without air, we couldn’t live. 
 Without all your work, we wouldn’t have achieved anything. 
Write It Out 
A Read the headings below and complete the sentences. 
| Example | 
It was the ballpoint pen that went on sale at Gimbels Department Store. 
1. in 1945 ballpoint pen was sold for the first time. 
2. the company bought for the mechanical pencil. 
3. . 
B Complete the sentences. Change the forms of the words if necessary. 
| Example | 
Without her advice, I would have failed to solve the problem. 
(will, fail) 
1. Without their support, surviving in this business . 
 (will, impossible) 
2. Without them, we the game. 
 (can’t, win) 
3. Without her efforts, the matter a long time ago. 
 (will, forget)
C Think about the pencil and come up with an idea to improve it. 
What’s wrong with this pencil? 
 It has no eraser. 
 It needs sharpening. 
 We can’t see how it works. 
 It wears out too fast. 
 Its lead breaks easily. 
 It is not decorated. 
On Your Own 
Any ideas? 
 Put an eraser on it.
 Make it longer. 
On Your Own 
D Write about your new pencil in your journal. 
This is my improved pencil. Without the at the bottom, it might be mistaken for a common pen. If you asked me where I got the idea, 
Work Together |History of stationery 
Step 1 Get in groups of 4-5. Choose a stationery product from below. 
Step 2 Do some research on the product you chose and take notes. 
| Example | 
 Product: Eraser 
 When: In 1770 
 Who: Edward Nairne 
 How: He accidently picked up a piece of rubber instead of his bread.
Step 3 Present your product’s history to the class. 
Around the World 
A Take a look at these inventions that changed the world and fill in the blanks. 
1827 John Walker invents the modern . 
1868 W. A. Burt invents the typewriter. 
1876 Alexander Graham Bell patents the . 
1879 invents the first light bulb. 
1894 W. L. Judson invents the . 
1903 make the first successful flight in an airplane. 
B Choose one invention and talk about it with a partner. 
Check It Yourself 
A Listening 
Answer the questions. 
1. What are the speakers talking about? 
 Making a birthday cake
 Practicing calligraphy
 Joining a woodwork class
 Designing a web page
2. When is the man's mom's birthday? 
 July twelfth
 July first
 June fourth
 June twentieth
B Speaking 
Look at the pie chart below and describe it. You will be given 2 minutes to prepare your presentation. 
Types of pens and pencils students take notes with 
 ballpoint pen - 11%
 gel ink pen - 8% 
 mechanical pencil - 62% 
 pencil - 19% 
C Reading 
What is the best order for (A), (B), and (C)? 
In fact this “new” pen was not new after all, and was just the latest development in a long search for the best way to deliver ink to paper. It was in 1884 that an insurance salesman had patented the fountain pen, giving him the sole rights to manufacture it. 
(A) For this reason, his pen was never manufactured and over the next five decades, 350 additional patents were issued for similar ball-type pens, though none advanced beyond the design stage. 
(B) His pen had a small rotating steel ball, held in place by a socket. Although it could be used to mark rough surfaces such as leather, it proved to be too coarse for letter writing. 
(C) This marked a significant advance in writing technology, but fountain pens soon became notorious for leaking. In 1888 that a leather tanner devised and patented the first “rolling-pointed marker pen” for marking on his leather products, which then-common fountain pens could not do. 
 (C) — (B) — (A) 
 (B) — (A) — (C) 
 (A) — (C) — (B) 
 (B) — (C) — (A) 
D Writing 
Write about your favorite pen. Include the following information: 
 What color the pen is 
 How long you have had it 
 What you like about it 
scripts 
Lesson 8 Story of the Biro 
Let’s Communicate 1 p.164 
A Listen In 
W: Wow, so many quill pens. 
M: qui.. what? Can you say that again? 
W: Quill, a feather pen. Actually the word pen comes from the Latin word, ‘penna,’ which means feather. 
M: You sure know a lot about pens. 
B Listen & Do 
M: I’ve got a new tablet PC. It has just been released. 
W: Wow, you’re such a techie! Can I see it? 
M: Of course. Look how clear the picture is. 
W: It’s amazing. It does have great picture quality. It’s light and easy to carry. 
M: Yeah. By the way, did you hear that the Atlas company won the patent for the touch screen? 
W: Sorry, can you say that again? I wasn’t listening - I was so caught up with your new tablet. 
M: Atlas won the patent for the touch screen! 
W: Oh I see. Now only Atlas can sell it. 
Let’s Communicate 2 p.166 
A Listen In 
M: Look at this pamphlet about pencil art. All of these are made of actual pencils. 
W: Wow, amazing. This one looks like real shoes. It’s so creative! 
M: Oh, how about this heart-shaped one? How can a man make such a beautiful piece of art using only pencils? 
W: I can’t wait to see it with my own eyes. Where’s the exhibition held? 
B Listen & Do 
M: Hey, what are you doing? 
W: I’m shopping online for a fountain pen for my father. His birthday is coming up pretty soon. 
M: Ah. So, have you found something? 
W: Yes, I’ve found several pens that seem nice. I don’t know which one he would like most. 
M: Let me help you with that. Those three in the shopping cart are the ones, right? 
W: Yep. I think I might get the wooden one. My father likes that kind of thing. 
M: It looks nice, but its color will fade over time. 
W: Then, which of the three do you like best? 
M: Hmm... My choice is the navy one. 
W: Why would you pick that one? 
M: Your father will like its simple shape. Plus, they include a journal as a free gift. 
W: Oh, I didn’t notice that. Then I’ll buy it. I can’t wait to see my father use it. 
Real Talk p.168 
1 
M: Welcome to Pen&Pen Online Shopping. How may I help you? 
2 
W: Do you still have the Tower Bridge pencil sharpener in stock? 
3 
M: Excuse me, but do you happen to know its product number? 
W: Yeah, it’s LL8HC09. 
4 
M: Sorry but can you say the last two digits one more time? 
W: 0-9. 
5 
M: Ah, we have it. It’s the hottest item for people who want something exotic. 
6 
W: That’s me. Can I order it now? I can’t wait to use it. 
Check It Yourself p.184 
A Listening 
M: Lily, take a look at this. 
W: Cool! What is this website about? 
M: It’s about woodworking. I just signed up for a woodworking class. 
W: You signed up for what? Can you say that again? 
M: Woodworking. It’s the skill of making things from wood. I’m going to learn how to do it starting from June first! 
W: I had no idea that you were interested in that. 
M: Actually I want to make my mom’s birthday gift myself. You know, she loves wooden things. 
W: That’s so sweet. When is her birthday? 
M: The twentieth of June. 
W: Oh, you won’t have much time, but I’m sure you’ll make everything great. 
M: Thanks. I hope so. 