﻿<Lesson 1>
High School English II 
Lesson 1 Humor Is a Virtue
Communicative Functions 
What do you mean by that?
How do you like this joke?
Language Form 
 Whenever you hear a joke, write it down.
 Sam Levenson, whose career in show business spanned more than 20 years, always said that he laughed at his own jokes.
Get Ready 
A Answer the following questions.
1. Say “silk” five times. Now spell “silk.” What do cows drink?
2. If a red house is made from red bricks and a blue house is made from blue bricks, what is a greenhouse made from?
B Do you think you got the right answers in part A? Do you like to tell jokes? If you do, tell one to a partner.
Let's Communicate 1 | What do you mean by that?
A Listen In 
1. Can you catch the meaning of these writing tips?
⑴ Don’t never use a double negation.
⑵ One-word sentences? Eliminate.
2. Listen and choose the best answer. 
 Jinsu will buy a pet dog over the weekend.
 Jinsu will spend time with Sara over the weekend.
 Jinsu has an allergy to animal hair.
[script]
Mina: Hello?
Jinsu: Hi, Mina. It’s Jinsu. I’m calling to ask you a favor.
Mina: What is it?
Jinsu: Can you take care of my puppy over the weekend? My cousin Sara is coming.
Mina: What do you mean by that?
B Listen & Do
1. Listen and check the picture that best describes the situation. 
2. Listen again and write an appropriate final sentence. 
Holmes: Watson, the point is you can see stars!
Watson: Yeah, but what do you mean by that?
Holmes: You idiot! !
[script]
W: Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson have pitched a tent while on a camping expedition. In 
 the middle of the night Holmes wakes up Watson to question him.
HOLMES: Watson, look up at the stars and tell me what you see.
WATSON: I see millions of stars. If there are millions of stars, and even a few of those have 
 planets, it is quite likely there are some planets like the Earth. If there are a few 
 planets like the Earth out there, then there might also be life, and if...
HOLMES: Watson, the point is you can see stars!
Watson: Yeah, but what do you mean by that?
C Speak Out
Step 1 What can you guess from the following exchanges?
1. 
 A: Can you tell me the time?
 B: Well, the milk delivery man has come.
2.
 A: Would you like some strawberry ice cream?
 B: Is the Pope a Catholic?
3.
 A: Grandmother is coming this Saturday.
 B: Then we can eat hamburgers until Friday.
 She encourages us not to eat instant food.
 He comes at a certain time every day.
 It’s a sure thing.
Step 2 Talk with a partner using the phrases above.
|  Example  |
A: Will you play a computer game with me?
B: Is the Pope a Catholic?
A: What do you mean by that?
B: I mean I’d love to play a computer game with you.
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Focus on the words in purple. 
I'd give it seven out of ten.
This is exactly what I'm looking for.
Let's Communicate 2 | How do you like this joke?
A Listen In
1. Read the cartoon. Why is this cartoon funny?
M: You hear me?
M: You hear me? 
M: You hear me?
W: For the third time, YES!
2. Listen and choose the picture which matches the conversation. 
[script]
A: Did you hear the one about the rich rabbit?
B: Rich rabbit? No, what about it?
A: He was a millionaire. Haha. How do you like that joke?
B: Funny! I’d give it seven out of ten.
B Listen & Do
1. Listen and check the picture that best describes the conversation. 
2. Listen again and fill in the blank. 
 The boy is looking for a website where he can find for his English homework.
[script]
Michael: What are you doing?
Sujeong: I’m searching online for English jokes.
Michael: Did you try funfun.com?
Sujeong: Yeah, but that site seems to be more for adults.
Michael: Are you looking for a web site for teenagers? Then try teenjoke.com.
Sujeong: I’ve looked there too. I’m trying to find school
jokes for English homework.
Michael: Well, I know a web site where you can find some
pretty funny educational jokes. Let me type it in for you.
Sujeong: Alright, let’s see what we can find.
Michael: How do you like this joke?
Sujeong: Oh, this is exactly what I’m looking for!
C Speak Out
Step 1 Look at the pictures. What is funny in each picture?
a cat in boots a baby trying on his father’s shoes
a grown-up man riding on a kid’s bicycle animals taking a shower
Step 2 Talk with a partner about the pictures.
| Example |
A: Minji, look at this picture.
B: A cat in boots?
A: How do you like it?
B: It’s very cute. Haha.
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Focus on the words in purple. 
Did you hear about the rich rabbit?
Did you try ‘funfun.com’?
Real Talk 
A Complete the cartoon with your own words.
1. B: Have you seen the movie Three Idiots?
 G: Yes, I saw it last weekend. 
2. B: 1 ?
3. G: Well, it's funny but there were many parts I just couldn't understand.
4. B: That's because it's an Indian movie. Korean movies tend to be quite different. 
5. G: 2 ?
6. B: I think the overall message of the movie is: "Do whatever you love to do, then 
 you'll succeed.'
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then
practice the dialog with a partner. 
[script]
1 M: Have you seen the movie Three Idiots? 
 W: Yes, I saw it last weekend. 
2 M: How do you like the movie? Wasn’t it great? 
3 W: Well, it’s funny but there were many parts I just couldn’t understand. 
4 M: That’s because it’s an Indian movie. Korean movies tend to be quite different. 
5 W: What do you mean by that? 
6 M: I think the overall message of the movie is: ‘Do whatever you love to do, then you’ll succeed.’ 
Before You Read
A Check the joke you think is the funniest.
  Do you play basketball?
  I thought you were a light post.
  How’s the weather up there?
  Really?
  Well put.
  Charming.
  That’s going to hurt!
  That’s going to leave a mark.
  You’re going to feel that tomorrow.
  Walk much?
  First day on your new feet?
  How’s the weather down there?
B What are some things that people like to joke about? Talk with a partner about them.
Humor Is a Virtue
 Having a sense of humor — and “humor” in this sense is not the ability or willingness to tell jokes — is perhaps the most commonly overlooked virtue. In a fast-paced, stressful modern environment, humor helps us maintain a sense of proportion and ease. It is a core attitude of looking at things in a positive light whenever we find ourselves in difficult situations.
keep in mind
What does humor mean to the writer?
Underline his explanation.
 overlook virtue core proportion in this sense
 Humor is especially needed during moments of tension or crisis. When you approach a problem with a positive attitude, you will find that it is easier to think clearly. Even over the phone, you can hear when someone is smiling while they are talking to you,
and smiles are infectious, as is positivity.
 The sound of roaring laughter is far more contagious than any cough, sniffle, or sneeze. When laughter is shared, it binds people together and increases happiness and intimacy. Beyond creating joy and amusement, laughter also triggers healthy physical changes in the body. Humor and laughter strengthen your immune system, boost your energy, diminish pain, and protect you from the damaging effects of stress. Best of all, this priceless medicine is fun, free, and easy to use.
keep in mind
What does ‘contagious’ in line 6 mean?
 approach infectious roar contagious
 But being funny is hard work. Some people think that humor is easy and that anybody can be funny with very little effort. This is not true. To be funny, there are a lot of things you must know about humor, and many situations you must prepare for.
Learning humor is like learning to play the piano. Nearly anyone can learn to make music on the keyboard; however, few will be invited to play at a concert. Likewise, the average person has the ability to sharpen his or her sense of humor through applied study and practice but that is not to say they will ever take the stage as a professional comedian. Charlie Lindner, a hardware salesman who has spent t he bet ter par t of four decades moonlighting as a stand-up comic at hospitals and senior citizen centers says, “Comedy doesn’t have to be a full-time profession.” He insists that everyone can get more laughs out of life by mastering some simple tricks of the trade.
keep in mind
Underline what ‘ This’ in line 2 is referring to.
 likewise decade moonlight prepare for
Here are some of Charlie’s “how to’s” of humor:
Tell jokes that make you laugh
 It may seem obvious, but it is easier to tell a joke when it sounds funny to you. “People laugh at things they can understand and relate to,” says Charlie, which explains the popularity of jokes about marriage, the high cost of living, and precocious children. For example, anybody whose mother had to stretch the truth from time to time to save a bit of money would appreciate this story about a bus passenger who tried to hurr y her young daughter aboard without paying the child’s fare: “Little girl,” the bus driver asked, “how old are you?” “Five-and-a-half,” she answered smartly. “And when will you be six?” he persisted. “Just as soon as I get off this bus.” Along with telling jokes you like, do not hesitate to laugh at them yourself because laughter is infectious to the audience. Sam Levenson, whose career in show business spanned more than 20 years, always said that he
keep in mind
Indicate one important truth about laughter.
 obvious precocious fare persist stretch the truth
laughed at his own jokes because his father had warned him to, “Never depend on strangers.”
Work at being funny
 Some people are walking encyclopedias of wit, while others tell the same tired jokes time and again. The difference is that the first group works at it. To find new, good jokes, Charlie suggests looking through newspapers and magazine sand listening to the radio, professional comics, and friends. Whenever you hear a joke, Charlie says, write it down. Remember what Confucius said: “A short pencil is better than a long memory.” Then, tell the joke to the next person you meet. This will help you remember it. 
 Don’t be offensive
 The bottom line when you tell a joke is not “Did you get a laugh?” but “Did you get a laugh w it hout offending your audience?” Charlie explains, “There’re four types of offensive jokes: Dialect jokes when you can’t mimic an authentic dialect; off-color jokes; derogatory ethnic jokes; and jokes that are inappropriate for your particular audience. When in doubt, leave it out.”
 Learning how to be funny is difficult to do, but it can help you develop a stronger sense of humor toward life. This usually involves changing your attitude, changing the way you deal with things, and just making yourself more open to laughter and play. Senses of humor are going to differ from individual to individual,
but there are some things you can try to make this virtue a more significant part of your life.
keep in mind
What does the writer eventually emphasize in this paragraph?
 offensive mimic authentic dialect derogatory time and again
After You Read
A Mark T(true) or F(false).
  Humor is especially necessary during moments of crisis or tension.
  Anybody can be funny with very little effort.
  A good sense of humor can be developed with practice.
  Offensive jokes are allowed if they make people laugh a lot.
B Fill in the chart based on the main text.
How to be funny
1. Make an effort to be funny.
 -know about humor
 - many situations
2. Sharpen through applied study and practice. 
 3. Get more laughs out of life by mastering simple tricks
 -Tell jokes that 
 -Work at being funny
 -Don't be 
C What was the last thing that made you laugh a lot? Tell your partner about it.
Language Lounge
price
priceless
motion
-less
meaning
A Word Formation
sharp
sharpen
cheap
-en
black
 One’s freedom is priceless.
 You can sharpen your skills if you repeat constantly.
 What other people say is just meaningless noise to me.
 Grapes were ripening. I wanted to check if they taste bitter or sour.
B Word Combination
tell
play
+ a joke
take
lose
keep
+ a sense
appeal to
 His friends say he was always quick to tell a joke.
 People sacrifice a lot to become rich, but lose a sense of who they are in the 
 process.
 Don’t try to make silly jokes, Brian.
 Let’s keep a sense of proportion — we have enough time!
C Words in Context
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three.
 There are many sources of in the work environment.
 Listen and focus on where the word is ed!
 English classes in our school conversation over reading.
D Focus on Form
1. Whenever you hear a joke, write it down.
 It is a core attitude of looking at things in a positive light whenever we find ourselves in difficult situations.
 Whenever I hear that song, it makes me think of you.
2. Do you know the man whose wife is a famous actress?
 Anybody whose mother had to stretch the truth to save a bit of money would appreciate this story.
 Sam Levenson, whose career in show business spanned more than 20 years, always said that he laughed at his own jokes.
Write It Out
A Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
| Example | 
Whenever I see her, I say hello to her.
→ Every time I see her, I say hello to her.
1. Whenever I say hello to her, she smiles.
→ Every time .
2. Whenever she smiles, I feel happy.
→ .
3. Whenever I feel happy, I sing a song.
→ .
B Rewrite the sentences.
| Example |
I know the man. His bicycle was stolen.
→ I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.
1. The professor is excellent. I am taking his course.
→ The professor whose course I am taking .
2. I apologized to the woman. I spilled her coffee.
→ I apologized to the woman .
3. The man poured a glass of water on his face.
His beard caught on fire when he lit a cigarette.
→ 
 .
C Rewrite the following sentences like an example. 
lExamplel
A tyrannical king who was blind in one eye invited three artists to paint his picture. 
→ A tyrannical king, whose one eye was blind, invited three artists to paint his picture. 
1. The first artist produced a picture that showed the king as he was: blind in one eye. The king had him imprisoned for showing disrespect to his monarch.
2. The second artist showed him with both eyes intact. The king had him whipped for trying to flatter him.
3. The third artist drew him in profile, showing only his good eye. The king, pleased, rewarded him with gold and honours.
D Write a short paragraph starting with the following sentence. 
 A tyrannical king, whose hobby was tasting a new food, invited three cooks to make a new food. 
Work Together
Step 1 Get in groups of 3 to 4 and discuss some fun jokes. The jokes can be cartoons, photos, or short stories you’ve seen or read. Or you can create your own.
1.
2. You're a model? Cool! I'm a body builder. I also race speed boats. What's your sign?
3.
Step 2 Choose a joke for your group to introduce to the class. Discuss and prepare your presentation.
a cell phone for seniors
Reasons for our choice
Step 3 Present your group’s choice to the class. Take a vote for the best joke of the class.
Around the World
A The following are the jokes about cultural differences. Talk about each one with a partner and add what a Korean corporation would do.
Traditional Capitalism
You sell one and buy a bull.
They multiply, and the economy grows.
You sell them and retire on the income.
A German Corporation
 You reengineer them so they live for
100 years, eat once a month, and milk
themselves.
An Indian Corporation
 You worship them.
A Japanese Corporation
 You then create clever cow cartoons and market them world-wide.
A Korean Corporation
 You have two cows.
B Search more jokes reflecting cross-cultural differences online. Then tell the funniest
joke to a partner.
Check It Yourself
A Listening
1. Listen and choose the best response. 
2. Listen and choose what the man’s joke is about. 
 a pet animal
 space travel
 snacks
 a computer component
[script]
1 A: Hello, Minju! It’s Brian. I’m calling to ask you a favor. 
 B: What is it? 
 Yeah, that’s my favorite! 
 No, I didn’t. 
2 Jamie: Alice, what sound does a cat make? 
 Alice: It goes “meow.” 
 Jamie: What sound does a lamb make? 
 Alice: It goes “baaa.” 
 Jamie: Then, what sound does a mouse make? 
 Alice: Uh... squeak or something like that? 
 Jamie: “Click!” How do you like that joke? 
B Speaking
 Go over the six pictures and tell a story based on them. You’ll be given two minutes to prepare your answer.
C Reading
Read the following and answer the questions.
 Humor is especially necessary during moments of tension or crisis. When you approach a problem with a positive attitude, you’ll find that it is much easier to think clearly. Even over the phone, you can hear when someone is smiling while they’re talking to you, and smiles are infectious, as is positivity. 
 The sound of roaring laughter is far more than any cough, sniffle, or sneeze. When laughter is shared, it binds people together and increases happiness and intimacy. Beyond creating joy and amusement, laughter also triggers healthy physical changes in the body. Humor and laughter strengthen your immune system, boost your energy, diminish pain, and protect you from the damaging effects of stress. Best of all, this priceless medicine is fun, free, and easy to use.
1. Which is not true about humor?
 Humor protects us from unnecessary stress and worries.
 Humor makes us focus on moments of tension.
 Humor increases our ability to think clearly.
 Humor strengthens our immune systems.
2. Which one best fits in the blank?
 precious contagious
 convenient offensive
D Writing
Write something funny that happened to you. Include the following in your writing:
 When and where did it happen?
 Whom were you with?
 What made it funny?
<Lesson 2>
Lesson 2 Biomimetics: Borrowing from Nature
Communicative Functions
Have you ever heard of the WB Exhibition? 
That makes sense.
Language Form
 One of the early examples of biomimicry was the study of birds in order to enable
 human flight.
 This is an extract from a radio interview with a biologist who’s been working on 
 biomimetics.
Get Ready
A Look at the character and talk about it in a group.
1. What animal do you think of when you see this picture?
2. What abilities does he borrow from this animal?
B Match each animal with the device that imitates it best.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Let's Communicate 1|Have you ever heard of the WB Exhibition?
A Listen In
1. Fill the red box with the most proper word.
necessity ⇨ Idea Box ⇨ 
2. Listen and choose the item that the boy did not buy. 
 	 	 
[script]
G: Cool! Where did you buy this penholder? 
B: Have you heard of the Wright Brothers Exhibition held at the Hana Museum? It was a free gift. 
G: Wow. Then were the t-shirt and mug free gifts too? 
B: No, I bought them at the souvenir shop. They were on sale. 
B Listen & Do
1. Listen and choose the book most likely to be introduced. 
   Inventing Your Own
   History of the Washing Machine
   Sharing Housework
2. Listen again and complete the sentences. 
1st Think about what needs to be made in your life.
2nd Gather materials and ways of making the invention.
3rd the successful attempts as many times as you can.
[script]
A: Can you recommend any good books to read during summer vacation? 
B: How about this one? It’s about how to become an inventor. I really enjoyed it. 
A: Become an inventor? No way, not everybody can be an Edison. 
B: I know what you mean. But this book shows you the three easy steps to be an inventor. For instance −do you ever spend too much time cleaning? 
A: Sure. 
B: Well, that’s step one. Think about what needs to be made easier in your life, like... 
A: Like “Invent a better cleaning product”? 
B: Right. Then there’s step two −Gather materials to construct your invention and then test ways of creating it. 
A: So, what’s step three? 
B: Repeat your successful results as many times as you can. 
A: OK. Let me try reading the book first. 
C Speak Out
Step 1 Search the Web these famous inventions and note down some interesting facts.
Sewing machine
Who : Barthelemy Thimonnier
When : in 1830
opened the first machine-based clothes manufacturing company
Braun tube
Who : Karl Ferdinand
When : in 1897
Camera
Who : Joseph Niépce
When : in 1826
Step 2 Talk with a partner about the pictures. Continue the dialog as long as you can.
| Example |
A: Have you ever heard of Barthelemy Thimonnier?
B: Yes, I have. He was the one who invented the sewing machine.
A: Right. What else do you know about him?
B: He opened the first machine-based clothes manufacturing company.
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Focus on the words in purple. 
No, I bought them at the souvenir shop.
Put the box on the table.
Let's Communicate 1|That makes sense.
A Listen In
1. Find the words shown in the wooden box.
IMITATE
NATURE
DESIGN
S
N
N
M
A
M
C
M
A
G
O
K
U
L
H
T
I
M
L
E
A
S
U
S
D
E
P
P
A
R
E
O
M
L
S
U
E
D
M
S
P
P
E
T
A
T
I
M
I
2. Listen and choose the picture which matches the conversation. 
[script]
Mike: What insect do you like best? 
Sujeong: I like ladybugs. They are tiny and their little black spots are so cute! I bet they are everybody’s favorite! 
Mike: Well, I’m not sure about that. 
Sujeong: Not only are they pretty, they also eat harmful bugs. 
Mike: Ah, now it makes sense! I had no idea they were beneficial insects. 
B Listen & Do
1. Listen and choose the part of the elephant mentioned. 
2. Listen again and complete the memo. 
Name
Bionic Handling Assistant
 Inspired by the elephant’s .
Features
 It can move .
 It has many to help it operate intelligently.
[script]
The elephant’s trunk provides a fascinating model for technology: it is flexible, strong, and serves as a precise gripping tool. Around 40,000 bundles of muscles make the trunk highly flexible. The Bionic Handling Assistant, a light, free-moving “third hand” system, was inspired by the features of the elephant’s trunk. It can perform many useful tasks, since it can move in all directions, unlike older devices that can only move up and down and side to side. It has many sensors to help it operate intelligently. It can be used as an aid for the handicapped, in schools, and in private homes. Can it be used for industrial purposes? Certainly! The movable fingers can grasp objects and make the system truly helpful when it comes to lifting, moving, sorting, fixing, or manufacturing things. This means that the system can be used whenever and wherever humans need an extra hand. 
C Speak Out
Step 1 Look at the pictures. How were these items invented?
(1)
⇨
(2)
⇨
(3)
⇨
Step 2 Talk about the inventions with your partner.
| Example |
A: Do you know how Velcro was invented?
B: Actually, the inventor borrowed the idea from a plant.
A: A plant? How?
B: One day he walked through a bush and found some sticky seeds on his pants.
A: Ah, now it makes sense to me!
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Focus on the words in purple. 
They are tiny and their little black spots are so cute!
I’m really into sports these days.
Real Talk
A Complete the cartoon with your own words.
1. B: 1 ?
2. G: Sure, the biggest problem I've had is that they turn inside-out in a strong wind.
3. B: Everybody has that problem. I found a solution.
 G: Really? How?
4. B: Well, now you can wear it rather than carry it.
 G: What? I don't understand.
5. B: OK, let's take a look. Because of its design, it can never be turned inside-out, and it's hands-free.
6. G: 2 
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then practice the dialog with a partner. 
[script]
1 M: Have you ever had trouble using an umbrella? 
2 W: Sure, the biggest problem I’ve had is that they turn inside-out in a strong wind. 
3 M: Everybody has that problem. I found a solution. 
 W: Really? How? 
4 M: Well, now you can wear it rather than carry it. 
 W: What? I don’t under stand. 
5 M: OK, let’s take a look. Because of its design, it can never be turned inside-out, and it’s hands-free. 
6 W: Oh, I see. Now it makes sense to me. You’re such a genius! 
Before You Read
A Circle the words that best suit the given pictures.
 biology / electronics / philosophy
 mosaic / mimic / critic
 geology / science / statistics
B An apple may look solid, but in fact 97 percent of it is liquid. Think of other examples that show nature’s amazing structure and discuss them with a partner.
| Examples |
Biomimetics: Borrowing from Nature
The following is an extract from a radio interview with a biologist who’s been working on biomimetics.
Jacob: You may think that Velcro and the Eiffel Tower have nothing to do with each other. But the designers of both of them were inspired by the natural world. They’re examples of what’s known as “biomimetics” - designs inspired by nature. In their struggle to survive, plants and animals have evolved solutions to the same kinds of problems that scientists and engineers confront today. Biologists, designers, and engineers are working together more often to find and apply those solutions found in the natural world. Let’s hear more about it from Dr. Brown, who is working in this area.
keep in mind
What does "it" in line 12 mean?
 extract biomimetics evolve confront
Dr. Brown: Biomimetics is the examination of nature, its models, systems, processes, and elements, in order to solve human problems. The term biomimetics comes from the Greek words “bios,” meaning life, and “mimesis,” meaning to imitate. Nature, through billions of years of trial and error, has produced effective solutions to innumerable complex real-world problems. For instance, imagine someone wants to find a new way to package liquid for a new type of food. Apples are a fantastic source of inspiration: They contain liquid so well that an apple can be 97% liquid. This is a great way of putting a meal together: you’ve got something that’s thirst-quenching, but you can put it in your pocket without having to wrap it up in plastic. By studying nature, we can solve problems that we hadn’t even thought were problems in the first place!
Jacob: So the idea is that, because of having to solve the problems of survival over a long period of time, plants and
keep in mind 
Where does the word, 'biomimetics', come from? 
 imitate innumerable quench trial and error in the first place
animals have created design solutions. Could you give any examples of them?
Dr. Brown: Georges de Mestral, a Swiss inventor, had a rather large and hairy dog which liked to run through fields of grass. In these fields were burdock plants, which had seeds covered in tiny hooks. De Mestral got fed up with these burrs getting caught in his dog’s fur, because they clung to the fur well and were very difficult to remove. It occurred to him that this would be a good way of joining two fabrics together - hence Velcro. De Mestral was not the first to be inspired by nature's engineering solutions. One of the early examples of biomimicry was the study of birds in order to enable human flight. Although never successful in creating a “flying machine,” Leonardo da Vinci was a keen observer of the anatomy and flight of birds. He made numerous notes and sketches on his observations as well as sketches of various flying machines. The Wright Brothers, who finally did succeed
keep in mind
What does 'this' in line 9 mean?
 fur hence anatomy numerous get fed up with
in creating and flying the first airplane in 1903, derived inspiration for their airplane from observations of pigeons in flight.
Jacob: Can you share some current examples of biomimetics with us?
Dr. Brown: Well, scientists are currently studying the navigational systems and locomotive strategies of insects to help design the next generation of autonomous robots and vehicles. Also, researchers have recently found that the flipper of the humpback whale is a more efficient wing design than the current model used by the aeronautics industry on airplanes. They are working to apply their findings to future airplane and automotive design. Similarly, engineers have used the rough skin of the shark as inspiration in developing a ridged foil coating for the wings of aircraft, a design which has resulted in six percent less friction and improved fuel efficiency.
keep in mind
Underline the examples of biomimetics in the passage.
 navigational locomotive flipper aeronautics
Jacob: Wow, that’s amazing! Now despite the promises of the field, and the brilliant people who work in it, biomimetics has led to surprisingly few business successes. What do you think about the future of biomimetics?
Dr. Brown: The main reason biomimetics has not yet been a business success is t hat nature is inherently and unimaginably complex. For the present, engineers can’t hope to reproduce that complexity. Nonetheless, our understanding of natural design is rapidly improving. Although the field of biomimetics has yet to become commercially successful, in the near future consumers should expect to see increased use of biomimetics to improve the efficiency of human-designed products and systems.
Jacob: Thank you very much for that insight into the future, and for showing us the ways in which the evolution of nature can help us to realize it!
keep in mind
What is Dr. Brown's outlook on biomimetics?
 despite inherently reproduce insight
After You Read
A Fill in the blanks as shown in the example.
| Example |
⑴ gecko
⑵ runs up and 
 down the wall
⑶ robot
biomimetics
⑴
⑵
⑶
⑴
⑵
⑶
B Check T if the statement is true or F if it is false or U if it is unknown.
T
F
U
(1)
Biomimetics will be most useful in the field of robotics.
 
 
 
(2)
Biomimetics has created many huge commercial successes.
 
 
 
(3)
Georges de Mestral, a Swiss farmer, invented Velcro.
 
 
 
(4)
Copying nature’s design secrets is the mission of biomimeticists.
 
 
 
(5)
It’s the sole purpose of biomimetics to look at pretty structures in nature.
 
 
 
C Think about characteristics of the animals below. How can they be applied to improve our lives? 
Language Lounge
A Word Formation
view
interview
inter -
change
section
efficient
efficiency
frequent
-cy
consistent
 The following is an extract from a radio interview with a biologist.
 This idea has been applied to wind power in order to increase efficiency.
 At the next intersection, make a right turn!
 Price is determined through the interaction of demand and supply.
B Word Combination
success
business +
card
suit
cinnercuak
agricultural
+ industry
IT
 Biomimetics has led to surprisingly few business successes.
 The field of biomimetics has yet to become a very successful commercial industry.
 A business card is the first document people see when they meet you.
 The IT industry grew faster than we predicted.
C Words in Context
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three.
 His current will end this year on December 31.
 Where does the biomimetics come from?
 The of the president of this college is four years.
D Focus on Form
1. The Starry Night is one of my favorite paintings.
 One of the early examples of biomimicry was the study of birds in order to enable human flight.
 He is one of the most experienced players.
2. I have been driving for five hours.
 This is an extract from a radio interview with a biologist who’s been working on
biomimetics.
 Biologists, designers, and engineers have been working together more often to find
solutions from the natural world.
Write It Out
A Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
lExamplel
 One of the concerns of city buildings is how to stay 
 cool during summer time. (concern)
 1. To enjoy a summer vacation in the North Pole is
 . (dream)
 2. of the fastest to run up
 the building is to climb up like a gecko. (way)
B Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
Michael
Thomas
Peter
| Example | Michael has been manipulating a human robot.
⑴ Thomas the features of humpback whale fins. (explain)
⑵ Peter at a test tube. (look)
⑶ All of them on biomimetics. (work)
C Listen to the lecture on protecting surfaces and fill in the blanks. 
Protecting Surfaces
What
Scientists have been developing polishes
Why
So that they can 
From where
 Insects
– The outer bodies of insects have called sclerotin
– This makes insect bodies among the hardest surfaces found in the natural world
– Keeps its 
 Leaves
– Thin, polished coating the plant, which maintains level
so that plants can carry on easily.
[script]
Protecting Surfaces 
Any surface can be damaged by dirt, or even by bright light. That is why scientists have developed furniture and car polishes to protect against any possible wear and tear. But did you know that the first wood coatings were made from natural oils and insect secretions? Insect’s outer bodies have protein called sclerotin, making them among the hardest surfaces in the natural world. Furthermore, an insect’s protective covering never loses its color and brightness. The outside surfaces of leaves are covered with a thin, polished coating that waterproofs the plant. This protection is essential because carbon dioxide is found between the cells of the leaf. If these spaces between the cells were filled with rainwater, the carbon dioxide level would fall and the process of photosynthesis would slow down. But thanks to this thin coating on the leaves’ surface, plants are able to photosynthesize easily. The systems people use to protect surfaces will be much more effective if they use materials similar to those found in insects and leaves. 
D Sum up the lecture in complete sentences based on your memo.
Protecting Surfaces
 Scientists have been borrowing ideas from nature to protect surfaces. 
More study on insects and leaves is needed in order to develop a more effective surface protection system.
Work Together l creating a biomimetic invention
Step 1 Get in groups of 4 and choose an organism. What feature can you copy from it?
Step 2 Discuss and write a description of the invention you’re creating. Sketch a picture of how you think it would look.
 Your Own Invention
 Our invention : 
 The natural feature we chose: 
 How the natural feature is applied to our
 Invention: 
 The benefits of our invention: 
Step 3 Present your group’s invention to the class.
Around the World
A Look at the buildings and fill in the blanks using the clues given below.
Eastgate Center (Zimbabwe)
 inspired by 
Eden Project (UK)
 inspired by 
Honeycomb Housing Complex (Slovenia)
 inspired by 
Metropol Parasol (Spain)
 inspired by 
olive tree water bubble termite mound beehive
B Find more biomimetic buildings on the Internet and discuss them with a partner.
Check It Yourself
A Listening
1. Listen and choose the best response. 
2. Listen and choose the statement that is not true. 
 The woman does not know what biomimetics means.
 There is a display screen inspired by nature in the show.
 The man cannot answer some of the woman’s questions.
 They are enjoying an industrial exhibition.
[script]
1 A: Wow! Where did you buy this ballpoint pen? 
 B: Yesterday. 
 It was a free gift at the International Book
 Exhibition. 
 For my birthday. 
2 
M: How do you like the show? 
W: It’s amazing! Those LED display screens are fabulous. 
M: Glad you’re having a good time. Do you know how that bright display over there was invented? 
W: I have no idea. How was it made? 
M: It’s a product of biomimetics. Have you ever heard of biomimetics? 
W: Bio... what? I’ve never heard that word. What does it mean? 
M: It is the study of the structures found in nature. Useful things like machines can be invented by taking design inspiration from nature. 
W: Oh, I see. What natural design inspired that screen? 
M: Butterflies, actually. Scientists mimicked the way light reflects off of their wings. 
W: That’s really interesting. 
B Speaking 
Go over the 6 pictures and tell a story based on them. You’ll be given 2 minutes to
prepare your answer.
C Reading
Read the following and answer the questions.
 Jacob: 
 Dr. Brown: Well, scientists are currently studying the navigational systems and locomotive strategies of insects to help design the next generation of autonomous robots and vehicles. Also, researchers have recently found that the flipper of the humpback whale is a more efficient wing design than the current model used by the aeronautics industry on airplanes. They are working to apply their findings to future airplane and automotive design. Similarly, engineers have used the rough skin of the shark as inspiration in developing a ridged foil coating for the wings of aircraft, a design which has resulted in six percent less friction and improved fuel efficiency. 
1. What is the most appropriate question in the blank?
 Could you give us some examples of plants that have solved design problems?
 What do you think about the future of biomimetics?
 Can you share some current examples of biomimetics with us?
 How would you define "biomimetics"?
2. Which is inferred in the passage?
 Insects do not have their own navigational system.
 The skin of the shark reduces friction.
 The flipper of the humpback whale will be applied to autonomous robots.
 Nothing has been found to improve the designs of aircraft.
D Writing
Write about the advantages or disadvantages of imitation. Include the following:
 an introduction
 a body
 a conclusion
<Lesson 3>
Lesson 3 The Ancient Tea-Horse Road
Communicative Functions
I know what you mean but I don’t like its flavor.
People say they moved on foot or by ship.
Language Form
 They ate high-calorie food such as yak butter, beef, and lamb but might have consumed very few vegetables.
 Various Chinese as well as Tibetan ethnic societies have met, fused, and developed along the historic road.
Get Ready
A What is happening in this illustration? Describe it.
B Discuss how ancient people would have traveled long distances.
Let’s Communicate 1l I know what you mean, but I don’t like its flavor.
A Listen In
1. How much of these beverages do you drink a day?
2. Listen and choose the benefit of drinking tea mentioned. 
 helps keep in shape
 helps digestion
 removes bad breath
[script]
A: Sujin, let’s have some tea. 
B: Mom, I don’t like to drink tea. 
A: Drinking tea might help to reduce body fat. 
B: I know what you mean, but I don’t like the way it tastes. 
B Listen & Do
1. Listen and choose the picture that shows the reason the boy went to Hadong last
week. 
2. Listen again and mark T for true or F for false. 
⑴ The boy traveled with his family last weekend. T  F 
⑵ The girl thinks that learning the tea ceremony is a waste of time. T  F 
⑶ The boy had a difficult time learning how to make tea. T  F 
[script]
Girl: What did you do last weekend? 
Boy: I traveled to Hadong to learn the process of making tea with my family. 
Girl: Oh, you must really like to drink tea? 
Boy: I sure do. I learned a whole lot about tea there. 
Girl: What’s the benefit of drinking tea? 
Boy: Tea has lots of vitamin C, and drinking it can help reduce stress. 
Girl: I know what you mean, but doesn’t it take a long time to prepare? 
Boy: Once you get used to it, it doesn’t take much time at all.
C Speak Out
Step 1 These are the benefits of some everyday drinks. Add a few more on your own.
milk
 builds strong bones
 reduces blood pressure
tea
 helps prevent allergies
 helps us lose weight
water
 helps digestion
 makes our skin healthier
Step 2 Talk about the benefits of everyday drinking using the information above.
| Example |
A: What do you do to keep in shape?
B: I drink a lot of milk. Milk helps lower blood pressure and it makes our bones strong. Why don’t you drink milk?
A: I know what you mean, but exercise is the best for me!
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Focus on the words in purple. 
Drinking tea might help reduce fat in the body.
She might have missed the train.
Let’s Communicate 2l People say they moved on foot or by ship.
A Listen In
1. Think about the functions of the road and fill in the blanks using the given words.
road
connect
exchange
The road promoted
cultural exchanges.
move
spread
2. Listen. What are the speakers talking about? 
 How ancient people traded goods
 The development of world trading
 How people came to use paper money
[script]
A: I wonder how ancient people traded goods with others in distant countries. 
B: People say that there were merchants who traveled from country to country to buy and sell different items. 
A: I can’t believe ancient people traveled so far to sell things. 
B: Me neither. They went hundreds, even thousands of kilometers to trade, even on foot! 
B Listen & Do
1. Listen. Which book do you think the boy is reading? 
 How to Paint Self-portraits
 The Best Way to Travel to the West During the Middle Ages
 The History of Interaction between the East and West
2. Listen again. Which picture are the speakers talking about? 
[script] 
Girl: What book are you reading? 
Boy: Oh, this? Check out this painting. A western painter drew a Korean man wearing a hanbok, over 350 years ago. 
Girl: How did the painter know what a hanbok looked like? 
Boy: That’s a mystery, but the painter must have met a man from our country. 
Girl: It’s very interesting that a person at that time could travel so far. How did he travel such a long distance? 
Boy: People say he must have traveled by ship. 
Girl: I can’t believe that a person at that time could go so far by ship. 
Boy: Even in ancient times, people traveled all around the world to trade. 
Girl: That’s amazing! 
C Speak Out
Step 1 The Silk Road is one of the routes of cultural exchange between the East and the West. Answer the following questions about the Silk Road.
Q: How did ancient people travel along the Silk Road?
Q: Why did they travel on the Silk Road?
Q: What did they carry along the Silk Road?
Step 2 Practice the dialog using the information above.
| Example |
A: Have you heard about the Silk Road?
B: Yes, it was an ancient trading route.
A: How did people travel along the road?
B: People say they went on foot, or by horse.
A: I can’t believe people managed to build a road through such high mountains.
Sound Tips
Listen and practice. Focus on the words in purple. 
I can’t believe that ancient people went that far to sell goods.
I can’t help you.
Real Talk
A Complete the cartoon with your own words.
1. 
 B: Have you seen the documentary film "Noodle Road?"
 G: No, I haven't. Was it interesting?
2.
 B: It's great! I can't believe how much we can learn about world history through 
 noodles.
 G: What do you mean?
3. 
 B: 1 noodle dishes spread all around the world through the 
 interaction of different people and cultures.
4. 
 G: Yeah, I guess that makes sense. Anyway, what do you want to eat for lunch 
 today?
5.
 B: How abut eating noodles? We can taste the history of the world!
6. 
 G: 2. .
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then practice the dialog with a partner. 
1 M: Have you seen the documentary film “Noodle Road?” 
 W: No, I haven’t. Was it interesting? 
2 M: It’s great! I can’t believe how much we can learn about world history through noodles. 
 W: What do you mean? 
3 M: People say that noodle dishes spread all around the world through the interaction of different 
 people and cultures. 
4 W: Yeah, I guess that makes sense. Anyways, what do you want to eat for lunch today? 
5 M: How about eating noodles? We can taste the history of the world! 
6 W: I know what you mean, but I don’t like how noodles taste. 
Before You Read
A The map shows the six main routes of the Tea-Horse Road. What might have been traded through it? Use these pictures to help you.
B Can you think of any roads that people used to take which aren't around any more?
The Ancient Tea-Horse Road
 For thousands of years, there existed an ancient road, trodden by human feet and horse hooves, which wound through the mountains of southwest China and Tibet. The road began in southwest China’s Sichuan Region and stretched across more
than 4,000 kilometers. Along the unpaved and often rugged road, tea, salt, and sugar flowed into Tibet, while horses, cows, furs, musk, and other local products poured out. The road also promoted exchanges in culture and religion, and ethnic migration, just as the Silk Road did elsewhere. Also like the Silk Road, the importance of this route faded at the dawn of the modern world. The route played a very important historic role in the development of China and Tibet. Various Chinese as well as Tibetan ethnic societies met, fused, and developed along the historic road.
keep in mind
Guess the meaning of ‘fuse’ in line 13.
 tread hoof unpaved rugged
 The Tea-Horse Road, as the route was called, first appeared during the Tang Dynasty, about 1,300 years ago, and lasted until the 1960s, when Tibetan highways ere constructed. Its name came from the exchange tea for horses exchange that existed during the Tang and Song dynasties. The people who lived in the high mountain ranges throughout the area consumed a lot of meat and fatty food, as well as tea, to keep them warm in the cold climate. However, tea could not be grown in these mountainous areas, so they started to purchase tea from southwest China. During the Tang and Song dynasties, there were many wars fought among different rulers in central China. These wars created a demand for quality horses, and this demand was perfectly fulfilled by the top-notch horse breeds from the mountains. The demand for tea and horses between people living in these two areas naturally created a brisk trade. As commerce between the regions grew over time, leather, herbs, salt and cloth as well as tea and horses became major trading goods.
keep in mind
Why did the Chinese need many horses?
 dynasty consume top-notch breed brisk as well as
 In ancient times, however, it was almost impossible to exchange goods between Yunnan, in China’s southern region, and Tibet because of the harsh, nearly impassable terrain separating these two regions. The natural border between the Tibetan plateau and southern China was formed by seemingly endless ranges of snowy mountains and deep gorges walled by steep cliffs. It was extremely difficult for any land animals carrying goods to cross over the mountains. Finally, however, the temptation of making huge prof its might have given the merchants the courage to begin making their way through these dangerous lands. If the mountains could not be climbed, they went around them on the mountainsides; by following the rivers they could take advantage of the narrow river banks under the cliffs. The trading link was set up with continuous collective effort over many years. Yunnan merchants traded tea in exchange for strong horses from Tibet, and resold these horses to the rest of China. On the other side of the mountains, Tibetan merchants also made great prof its by selling Chinese tea to India and Middle Asia. The Tea-Horse Road had finally been established as a major trading route.
keep in mind
Why was it difficult to go from Yunnan to Tibet?
 harsh impassable terrain plateau gorge collective 
 in exchange for
 Tibetan people likely needed to drink large amounts of tea because they ate high-calorie foods such as yak butter, beef, and lamb but might have consumed very few vegetables. Tea not only helped them digest the heavy food but also offered the vitamins they needed. Tibetans did not drink the tea alone, but mixed the tea with yak butter, creating a salty, rich tea, known as yak-butter tea which is still popular today. Even today, tea-churning is a daily ritual for Tibetans. They are accustomed to finishing several bowls of butter tea before starting work each day. Butter tea is also served to guests. Generally speaking, in order to be polite, guests cannot decline
the tea but must drink at least three bowls before leaving. In order to show extra courtesy to one’s host, the tea should be taken slowly, and one should compliment t he tea’s flavor. It is customary to leave a bit of tea in the bottom of the cup when
finished.
keep in mind
Underline the benefit of drinking tea.
 salty churn ritual courtesy
 be accustomed to
 The ancient Tea-Horse Road has played an important historic role. It was a significant bridge promoting cultural exchange as well as international trade. It influenced the economic and cultural development of China, India, and Middle Asia. Also, it promoted the spread of Buddhism, which is now a major religion in Tibet. Even today, as people are trekking along this ancient route into Tibet, they can still sense the spirit, the courage, and the wisdom devoted to this road, and marvel at the legacy of our ancestors.
keep in mind
Underline the topic sentence of the paragraph.
 promote trek devote legacy
After You Read
A Read the text again and fill in the blanks.
(1)horses, 
 (3) 
China
(2) 
Ancient Tea-Horse Road
B Check T for true or F for false.
 T F 
⑴ The ancient Tea-Horse Road no longer exists.    
⑵ The ancient commercial passage first appeared about 1,300 years ago.    
⑶ Because of the Silk Road, the ancient tea and horse route was not known    
 to people.
⑷ The Chinese needed strong horses for war.    
⑸ Tibetans did not like drinking tea at first because of the bad smell.    
C Research some other ancient roads or paths which connected two regions.
Language Lounge
A Word Formation
mountain
mountainous
nerve
-ous
adventure
wise
wisdom
free
-dom
bore
 Tea could not be grown in these mountainous areas.
 Wisdom is found by those who take advice.
 People in this department like freedom and independence.
 I enjoy drawing animals like a lion, giraffe, etc. at the zoo. I’ll be a famous 
 cartoonist in the future.
B Words Combination
trade
promote
awareness
growth
cultural
mutual
exchange
two-way
 China is trying to promote international trade.
 Cultural exchanges are a way of building bridges between countries.
 This medicine promotes hair growth.
 Three of my DVDs for your Michael Jackson CD is a fair exchange.
C Words in Context
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three.
 The clerks are busy with customers.
 The of the river is quite steep here.
 They walked along the river .
D Focus on Form
1. The temptation might have given the merchants the courage to begin making their
way through these dangerous lands.
 They ate high-calorie food such as yak butter, beef, and lamb but might have consumed very few vegetables.
 I thought she might have gone home because it rained too much.
2. It was a significant bridge promoting cultural exchange as well as international trade.
 Various Chinese as well as Tibetan ethnic societies met, fused, and developed along the historic road.
 He owns a nice car as well as an expensive boat.
Write It Out
A Fill in the blanks with the proper expression, using the given word.
| Example |
A: Why haven’t they arrived yet?
B: They might have missed the train. (miss)
1. A: How did Tom know the news?
 B: Sujin him the news. (tell)
2. A: How come Minsu didn’t do his homework?
 B: He his homework. (forget)
3. A: Why didn’t Jack come to the party?
 B: He . (be out of town)
B Make one sentence describing two situations.
| Example |
She is a fashion designer. She is also a talented painter.
→ She is a talented painter as well as a fashion designer.
1. I know your virtues. I also know your faults.
→ I know your faults your virtues.
2. He has knowledge. He also has experience.
→ He has experience .
3. I have to cook the food. I also have to clean the floors
→ I .
C Look at this picture of a Korean traditional market and describe what the people are doing.
1. A man is buying things he needs.
2. Children are enjoying the .
3. Elder people are eating .
4. Young ladies .
5. A woman .
D Make a paragraph about Korean traditional markets based on the information above. You can add your own words.
Korean traditional markets are totally different from modern markets. 
 . .
 . Markets in the old
times functioned as social meeting places, as well as places to buy and sell things.
Work Together l introducing a great explorer
Step1 Get into groups of 4 or 5 and choose one explorer to research.
Ferdinand
Magellan
Christopher
Columbus
Vasco da Gama
Marco Polo
Step 2 Research the chosen explorer in your group and gather information about his 
journey.
| Example |
Mrco Polo
Nationality: Venetian
Period: Tang Dynasty
Where he traveled: much of Asia
Historic value: introduced the
Europeans to Asia
Step 3 Present your explorer to the class.
Around the World
A There’s an enormous range of traditional tea drinks from around the world. Surf the
Web and add some notable features.
Hongkong Milk Tea / Hongkong
Bubble Tea / Taiwan
 usually part of lunch 
 made with milk, fruit, and other
ingredients
Matcha Japanese Green Tea / Japan
Masala Chai / India
 shade-grown for several weeks
before harvest
 served with milk and sugar
B Do some research on Korean tea and share your findings with the class.
Check It Yourself
A Listening
1. Listen and choose the best response. 
2. Listen. Which is not a benefit of drinking water? 
 Drinking water helps one to digest better.
 Drinking water helps one concentrate better.
 Drinking water helps hydrate one’s skin.
 Drinking water helps to reduce fat.
[script]
1 A: What did you do last Sunday? 
 B: I will visit my grandparent’s. 
 I stayed at home. 
 Let’s go to the park! 
2 Brian: Let’s take a break, Sumi. 
 Sumi: You go ahead. I’ve got one more chapter to read. 
 Brian: Such a reader. I’ll go get some soda. Do you want some, too? 
 Sumi: No, thanks. I’ll drink the bottled water that I brought from home. 
 Brian: Water? Don’t you think soda is more delicious? 
 Sumi: Haha, well, of course. But I don’t drink soda. It isn’t healthy. There are a lot of benefits in drinking water. 
 Brian: What are they? 
 Sumi: People say drinking water helps to hydrate your skin, and to digest what you’ve eaten better. It 
 also improves your concentration. 
 Brian: I know what you mean, but I still prefer soda. 
B Speaking
Go over the chart and give a presentation on it. You’ll be given 2 minutes to prepare
your presentation.
C Reading
The Ancient Tea-Horse Road
 For thousands of years, there existed an ancient road, trodden by human feet and horse hooves, which wound through the mountains of southwest China and Tibet. The road began in southwest China’s Sichuan Region and stretched across more than 4,000 kilometers. Along the unpaved and often rugged road, tea, salt, and sugar flowed into Tibet, while horses, cows, furs, musk, and other local products poured out. Also like the Silk Road, the importance of this route faded at the dawn of the modern world. The route played a very important historic role in the development of China and Tibet.
1. Which is the best place for the sentence?
“The road also promoted exchanges in culture and religion, and ethnic migration, just as the Silk Road did elsewhere.”
2. What are the two roads that played an important role in the development of China
and Tibet?
D Writing
Choose one position and write about the advantages or disadvantages of international
trade. Write a short paragraph and support your position. Include the following:
 an introduction
 a body
 a conclusion
<Lesson 4>
Lesson 4 Two Styles of Songwriting
Communicative Functions
I am the type of person who learns slowly and steadily.
Is it possible to change chords so quickly?
Language Form
 Craft writers are people who write from nine to five every day, five days a week, whereas instinctive writers work only when they are inspired.
 It was not until she wrote other successful songs like “Jesse,” and “Stars,” that she started to feel that the music industry was a cheat.
Get Ready
A If you were asked to write a poem, how would you start?
  Start writing without thinking much
  Ask for ideas from your friends
  Take a walk to get in the mood
  Surf the Internet
  Make a detailed outline
B Think about “art” and fill in the blanks with your ideas.
art
Let's Communicate 1| I'm the type of person who learns slowly and steadily. 
A Listen In
1. When you are given an important task, how do you usually react? Choose the one that is closest to you.
2. Listen. What will the man do next? 
 	 	 
[script]
W: What are you so intent on? 
M: I’m brainstorming ideas for my essay. 
W: I finished that in 10 minutes. Let’s get out and have fun! 
M: I’m the type of person who needs a lot of time to develop ideas. 
B Listen & Do
1. Listen. What are the speakers doing? 
 listening to classical music
 doing their composition homework
 watching a documentary film
2. Listen again and choose the correct one. 
⑴ The girl thinks (Beethoven / Mozart) is a genius.
⑵ The girl likes (classical / jazz) music.
⑶ The other day the girl (watched a documentary film / read a magazine article) 
 about two classical musicians.
[script]
G: What are you listening to? 
B: It’s a symphony called “Ode to Joy.” 
G: Who’s the composer? 
B: Beethoven. 
G: Ah... I see. He was the type of person who needed to put years of effort into composing. The real genius was Mozart. 
B: Why do you think so? 
G: The other day I watched a documentary film about the two composers, and from that I learned that Mozart was truly brilliant. 
B: OK. Whose music do you like more then? 
G: I love them both. I like all classical music, but I like pop music too. 
C Speak Out
Step 1 The pictures show two ways of doing something. What way do you usually do
things?
cram / prepare in advance
give up quickly / try hard to find a way out
think about the outline first / get down to details instantly
Step 2 Talk with a partner using one of the situations above. Continue the dialog as long as you can.
| Example |
Brian: I have been practicing the piano for three months. Why can't I play even a
 single piece, Jess?
Jess: Maybe you are the type of person who learns slowly and steadily.
Brian: Right. What about you? Do you learn things quickly?
Jess: Sort of, but then again, I quit easily.
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Focus on the words in purple. 
Let's get out and have fun!
Jess and I have nothing in common.
Let's Communicate 2|Is it possible to change chords so quickly?
A Listen In
1. Which instruments can you play?
       
2. Listen. What is the man doing? 
 	 	 
[script]
A: He moves his hands so fast when playing the guitar. 
B: I can’t believe it. How can it be possible to change chords so quickly? 
A: I don’t know, but you must need to practice a lot to do it. 
B: He must have been practicing for years! 
B Listen & Do
1. Listen. Which phrase applies to Dana? 
 Practice makes perfect.
 Many hands make light work.
 Still water runs deep.
2. Listen again and choose the correct statement. 
 She became famous when she was young.
 She sang on the street to get rid of stage fright.
 She wasn't noticed for a long time.
[script]
A: Thank you for joining us. 
B: It’s my pleasure to be on the show today. 
A: I heard that you had a hard time at first in the music business. Is that true? 
B: Yes, it is. Whenever I performed, I couldn’t show my best to the audience. 
A: Why was that? 
B: I used to have terrible stage fright. Sometimes on stage, I couldn’t even sing at all. So I practiced singing in front of others a lot. Sometimes, I even sang in crowded streets. 
A: Was it possible to overcome stage fright? 
B: Sort of. 
A: How long do you usually practice each day? 
B: I practice 4 or 5 hours. A lot of practice gives me confidence. 
A: Practice is the secret of success. Thank you again for being with us. 
C Speak Out
Step 1 Talk about the following situations with a partner. What do you think each picture describes?
in the past
now
⇨
Step 2 Talk with a partner using one of the situations above.
| Example |
Lucy: Have you seen Rebecca playing the ocarina? She plays it so well.
David: Really? What's her secret? She asked me which end to blow into a few weeks 
 ago.
Lucy: I can't believe it!
David: Is it possible to master the ocarina in just a few weeks?
Lucy: She must have been practicing day and night. 
Sound Tips
Listen and practice. Focus on the words in purple. 
So I practiced singing in front of others a lot.
We have finished our science project
Real Talk
A Complete the cartoon with your own words.
1.
 G: Oh, a personality test! I love these things.
2.
 G: How close does the result match your real personality?
3.
 G: Pretty close! In fact, I can't believe how accurate it is.
 B: Cool!
4. 
 G: 1. 
 B: Maybe through statistics?
5.
 G: By the way what exactly did your test result show?
6.
 B: Well, according to the test, 2. 
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then
practice the dialog with a partner. 
[script]
1 Sujeong: Oh, a personality test! I love these things. 
2 Sujeong: How close does the result match your real personality? 
3 Mingyu: Pretty close! In fact, I can’t believe how accurate it is. 
 Sujeong: Cool! 
4 Sujeong: How is it possible to know other’s personality without meeting them? 
 Mingyu: Maybe through statistics? 
5 Sujeong: By the way what exactly did your test result show? 
6 Mingyu: Well, according to the test, I’m the type of person that is active, passionate, caring, intelligent, outgoing, funny... 
Before You Read
A Read the following and check ‘agree’ or ‘disagree.’
agree
disagree
1. An artist is somebody who makes unnecessary things.
2. Art is the only way to show creativity.
3. Trying to force creativity is never good.
4. A great artist is always either before his time or behind it.
5. Art is purely a product of creativity.
B Discuss why you checked ‘agree’ or ‘disagree’ with a partner.
C Think of a few great artists. Which group do they fit into?
artists who creat through great effort
artists who creat through inspiration
Two Styles of Songwriting: Craft or Inspiration?
 Music it's all around us. It's in our MP3 players, and it's what our friends are humming. It's on TV, the radio, and in movies. A good song can be stuck in your head for days. Nearly everyone listens to music of some sort. But how much have you thought about how songs actually get written?
 There are two schools of songwriting nowadays: one based on craft and the other on instinct. Craft writers are people who write from nine to five every day, five days a week, whereas instinctive writers work only when they are inspired. Craft writers sometimes say that instinctive writers are "just lucky," while instinctive writers call craft writers "soulless robots." Each apprach has its own advantages and drawbacks.
keep in mind 
What is the subject matter of this article?
 craft instinct soulless 
 be based on
Craft Writers
 Until craft writers work for a set amount of time every day, they can't uncover the song inside them. As the saying goes, "Practice makes perfect." Writers who work consistently are better able to produce a large number of songs.
 On the other hand, over a period of years a craft writer may burn out due to the hard work involved, and the original pleasure of songwriting will be lost. The songs themselves are written perfectly, but sound to the writer about as enjoyable as reading the alphabet aloud.
 There are also times when writing cannot be rushed. If you have patience, you may end up with a better song in the end. But craft writers sometimes depend on creating a large number of songs to make up for what they lack in quality.
 If they are commercially successful enough to sell these songs, they can remain on the treadmill for years. They create their songs for everyone but themselves and flood the market with inferior music. In that sense, they can drag all other songwriters down. They sap the fun from music.
keep in mind
What does a craft songwriter do to make up for what he lacks in quality?
 reveal inferior sap
 burn out end up with
Instinctive Writers
 For instinctive writers, there is a thrill to never knowing what will happen next and just going where the music takes you. All writers admit that they sometimes "don't know where the music came from." Quite often, the best lines and melodies will just pop into one's head. Instinctive writing depends completely on that moment, so everying is a surprise. It takes the pressure off of deadlines and quantity; you count on sheer talent to provide the answers. More often than not, instinctive writers are the ground-breakers. With no rules to hold them back, they often find brend-new, untested styles and lyrical techniques.
 The problem is that instinctive writers usually do not bother paying any attention to craft, that is, the hard work and technical processes involved in songwriting. Essentially, they write blindly. If they are fortunate enough to experience critical or commercial success, they become quite nervous. Since there is no craft to back them up, they never know if they can do it again. If you do not know how you got there in the first place, how can you go any further?
keep in mind
What does the instinctive writer depend most on?
 sheer bother blindly
 more often than not hold back
 For instance, Janis Ian was 14 when she had her first hit, a song called "Society's Child." Prior to this she had written a total of 15 songs. The song went to number one on the charts in several American cities. Fans twice her age were hanging on to every word of the song, and listened in awe to this young woman's impressive talent. however, it was not until she recorded "At Seventeen". eight years later, that she one again met with outstanding popular success. Between these songs, and afterwards, she largely fell out of the scene and failed to attract much attention. Years later, discussing her experience with a friend, she finally understood what had happened. The friend said, "Janis, you reached an age where talent was not enough." She was exactly right. Her talents had stopped her from making an effort. One's talent and instinct can take a songwriter only so far, whereas craft and hard work will see one through in the long term.
keep in mind
Guess the meaning of “Janis, you reached an age where talent was not enough.”
 outstanding afterwards
 prior to hang on to
 All art is a search for balance and an attempt to make order out of chaos. To that end, many people try and make use of both methods writing with craft and instict. As Don Schlits, one of the most successful songwriters to ever hit Nashville, points out, "If you get in a habit of writing every day, when a great piece of inspiration comes along, you'll be ready for it." The best songwriters work hard to build their skills, and when inspiration strikes, a hit is born!
keep in mind
Which is more important craft or instinct?
 chaos
After You Read
A Read the text again and fill in the blanks.
song writers
two styles of song writers
inspiration writers
craft writers
Advantage
Disadvantage
Advantage
Disadvantage
⑴
 They	are 
 ready	to solve	problems.
 	
⑵
 Writing can be	
boring rather
than fun.
⑶
 Lines and 
melodies pop 
into their heads.
⑷
 They don't 
know what will 
happen next. 
 	
B Research some great songwriters. What type of writers are they?
Billy Joel
Paul MacCartney
Eric Clapton
Language Lounge
essence
essential
influence
-tial
inference
A Word Formation
founder
co-founder
co-
author
pilot
 Proper exercise is essential to maintain health.
 The co-pilot came back and told us that we were outside Germany.
 The Beatles were the most popular and influential rock artists of all time.
 My aunt and uncle are co-founders of the institute my nephew and niece are attending for free. 
B Word Combination
a deadline
meet
a challenge
a problem
luck
sheer
happiness
lie
 They worked late last night ot meet a deadline.
 I'll never forget the look of sheer happiness on his face.
 They had survived by sheer luck.
 I try to meet a problem with all of my energy.
C Words in Context
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three.
 She placed an with our company for five new computers.
 The police will be out in force to maintain peace and . 
 He was kicked out of the army because he refused to obey an . 
D Focus on Form
1. Craft writers are people who write from nine to five every day, five days a week,
whereas instinctive writers work only when they are inspired.
 Imports are increasing whereas exports are decreasing.
 I really enjoy classical music now, whereas before I couldn't understand its appeal.
2. It wasn’t until she wrote other successful songs that she began to feel that the
music industry was a cheat.
 It was not until he was fifty that he started to write.
 It was not until yesterday that I noticed it.
Write It Out
A Make a sentence with two opposites.
| Example |
Jenny likes to have short hair wheres Julie likes to have long hair.
1. Kathy likes to wear bright clothes .
2. Some people like rivers .
B Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words, as shown in the example.
| Example |
A: When did he start writing?
B: He started writing when he was 30 years old.
⇨ It was not untill he was 30 years old that he started writing.
1.
A: when did you hear that he won the game?
B: I heard it this morning.
⇨ It was that I heard the news.
2.
A: When did he learn Hangeul?
B: He learned it when he was 10. 
⇨ .
C Compare these two composers and fill in the blanks. Use the Web if necessary.
 grew up in a rich family
 attended good schools
 known as a composer
 songwriter had a tough childhood
 singer known as a jazz singer
 successful 
 famous
Norah Jones
Billie Holiday
Complete the sentences using the information above.
(1) Jones is better known as a singer-songwriter whereas Billie Holiday 
 .
(2) Norah Jones . In contrast, 
 Holliday had a tough childhood.
D Write a compare / contrast paragraph about Norah Jones and Billie Holiday.
 There are two singers who are more important to me than any others. They are Norah Jones and Billie Holiday. Their life 
stories could not be more different. 
 .
 Nevertheless, Jones’ style of singing reminds me of Billie Holiday. This makes me think that Jones deeply appreciates Holiday, and makes me enjoy each singer’s music even more.
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Work Together l translating Korean songs into English
Step 1 Get into groups of 4-5. Make a list of Korean songs. Then choose one that you want to translate into English.
  A Goose’s Dream
 
 
Step 2 Translate the song’s lyrics into English with your group members.
A Goose’s Dream
I used to have a dream
Even if I'm thrown away or torn to pieces
Deep in my heart I have a dream as precious as a jewel
If by chance, without reason,
Somebody makes fun of me behind my back
I should be patient I would wait just for that day.
.
.
.
Step 3 Sing the song together to the class. When listening to the other groups singing, evaluate their performances.
evaluation card
contents
team work
general review
-did they practice hard?
-did they use the proper expressions?
Around the World 
A All countries have their own styles of pop music. Add more features and talk about each one with a partner. 
Fado (Portugal) 
 . very sad tunes 
 . related to the sea 
K-pop (Korea) 
 . words that are easy to remember 
 . 
Chanson (France) 
 . a story in lyrics 
 . 
Canzone (Italy) 
 . simple and bright 
 . 
B Do some research on K-pop or pop music from other countries and share your findings with the class. 
Check It Yourself
A Listening 
1. Listen and choose the best response. 
2. Listen and complete the note. 
Topic : painting class 
Summary : 
The man is the type of person who learns things 
and , whereas the woman learns things somewhat fast 
but .
[script]
1 A: Is it possible to master the guitar in a few weeks? 
 B: Ok, let’s do it this weekend! 
 It depends. 
 I will take guitar lessons. 
2 Anne: Hey, how’s your painting class going? I bet you’re getting pretty good! 
 Ted: No, not really. I have been practicing a few basic painting skills for two months now, and I’m still not getting it. Why can’t I even paint a simple picture yet? 
 Anne: Don’t be discouraged so soon. Maybe you’re the type of person who learns slowly and steadily. 
 Ted: You’re right. I’ll keep working at it. What about you? Do you learn things quickly? 
 Anne: Yeah, sort of. But I get bored soon after I’ve learned something, and then I quit. 
 Ted: Oh, you could be a genius type. Why don’t you keep working at things? You could be great at everything! 
 Anne: Haha, well, I’ve tried a lot, but it’s not easy to change who I am. Thanks for saying that, though! 
B Speaking
Give your answers to the following 4 questions. You will be given 20 seconds to answer each question. 
 Who is your favorite musician?
 What kind of songs does the musician play or sing?
 What is your favorite song?
 Why do you like the musician?
C Reading
 Read and choose the best order for paragraphs (A), (B), and (C).
Until craft writers work for a set amount of time every day, they can’t uncover the song inside them. As the saying goes, “Practice makes perfect.” Writers who work consistently are better able to produce a large number of songs. 
(A) If they are commercially successful enough to sell these songs, they can remain on the treadmill for years. They create their songs for everyone but themselves and flood the market with inferior music. In that sense, they can drag all other songwriters down. They sap the fun from music. 
(B) On the other hand, over a period of years a craft writer may burn out due to the hard work involved, and the original pleasure of songwriting will be lost. The songs themselves are written perfectly, but sound to the writer about as enjoyable as reading the alphabet aloud. 
(C) There are also times when writing cannot be rushed. If you have patience, you may end up with a better song in the end. But craft writers sometimes depend on creating a large number of songs to make up for what they lack in quality. 
 (B) — (A) — (C) (B) — (C) — (A) 
 (C) — (A) — (B) (C) — (B) — (A) 
D Writing
Write about the advantages or disadvantages of attending live performances (for example, a play, concert, or sporting event). Include the following: 
․ an introduction
․ a body
․ a conclusion
<Lesson 5>
Lesson 5 Memories of Korean Rural Life
Communicative Functions
Back then, there were few things to play with.
What does that mean?
Language Form
 . This is the season that my Korean friends most look forward to. 
 . I doubt that many will have been collected this year.
Get Ready
A Describe the picture.
B What are some things that existed in the past but no longer do? Discuss them with a partner.
Let's Communicate 1| Back then, there were few things to play with. 
A Listen In
1. Match the things in the past with the ones we use today.
 (1) (2) (3)
2. Listen and choose the picture which matches the conversation. 
[script]
Daughter: Who is this little boy, Dad? 
Dad: That’s me. That picture was taken over 40 years ago. 
Daughter: You look great with short hair. The black suit and cap don’t look so fashionable though. 
Dad: Back then all schoolboys had to wear those black school uniforms and keep their hair cut short. 
B Listen & Do
1. Listen. Which picture best describe the situation? 
2. Listen again and check the things that changed. 
   Trees   A brick wall
   A farm anial pen   Swings
[script]
Daughter: How do you feel, Mom? 
Mom: Excited! I haven’t been here for a long time. 
Daughter: Have many things changed? 
Mom: Yeah. There used to be a lot of trees over there, but now the trees are gone and that steel fence has replaced the brick wall that used to be there. 
Daughter: What else has changed? 
Mom: When I was a student here, there used to be a farm animal pen beside the swings. 
Daughter: Animals in the school yard? That’s interesting. 
Mom: The rabbits, goats, hens and roosters were our friends. 
Daughter: I wish I would attend that kind of school. Mom, do you ever wish you could go back to your childhood? 
Mom: Sometimes. Especially when you behave badly. Haha! 
C Speak Out
Step 1 Here are some images of the past. Discuss them with a partner. What other things that have changed?
a bus attendant
․ A young woman who would communicate with the bus driver while hanging onto the side of the bus
a well
․ People would get water from the well by using a bucket attached to a rope.
dadeumijil
․ Woman would beat stiff cloth with two cloth with two clubs to make it smooth.
On your own
Step 2 Talk about the daily life in the past with a partner using the model dialog.
| Example | 
A: Katie, take a look at this picture. Can you see what is going on? 
B: Yeah, I think so. But why is the woman hanging onto the side of the bus like 
 that? 
A: In the past, an assistant, usually a young woman, would communicate with the 
 bus driver by using a bell or whistle, and call out, “All right!” when everyone had 
 gotten on. 
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Focus on the words in purple. 
Who is this little boy, dad? 
What is going on in the picture? 
Let's Communicate 2 |What does that mean?
A Listen In
1. What would you say in this situation?
A: What does that mean?
B: 
2. Listen. What is the weather like today? 
[script]
A: How can it be so hot in September, Minho? I hope we get some rain soon to help cool things down. 
B: Don’t count on it. But don’t worry, it will cool down soon, Brian. Tomorrow is Ipchu. 
A: What does Ipchu mean? 
B: It means ‘the beginning of autumn.’ 
B Listen & Do
1. Listen. Which picture best describes the conversation? 
2. Listen again. What does bongwan mean? 
 family name ancestral home
 hometown relatives
[script]
A: Minjun, I have a question. 
B: What’s it about? 
A: It’s about Korean family names. There seem to be so many Kims, Lees, Parks, and Chois. Are they all related? 
B: No, they aren’t. Actually, there are many different lines of Lees, Parks, and Kims. Each has its own bongwan. 
A: What does that mean? 
B: It’s like an ancestral home. For example, there are the Andong Kims and the Gyeong-ju Kims. 
A: Hmm, I didn’t know that. 
B: Families are linked to particular locations, like a 
person’s hometown. 
C Speak Out
Step 1 These are some seasonal customs from Korea. Do you know any other customs?
Daeboreum
․ January 15th in the lunar calendar
․ People bite nuts to ward off skin disease.
Dano
․ May 5th in the lunar calendar
․ People play on the swings for fun.
Chilseok
․ July 7th in the lunar calendar
․ It is believed that Gyeonwu and Jiknyeo meet on the Milky Way.
Step 2 Talk with a partner about seasonal customs. Continue the dialog. 
| Example | 
Sumi: Do you know about biting nuts on Daeboreum? 
Brian: No. What’s that? 
Sumi: It’s a Korean custom. People eat nuts to ward off skin disease on the 15th of 
 January in the lunar calendar. 
Brian: That makes sense, because nuts are healthy. 
Sound Tips
Listen and practice. Focus on the words in purple. 
Minjun, I have a question. 
Listen, I have a good idea 
Real Talk
A Complete the cartoon with your own words.
1.
 Girl: Grandma, could you tell me about your school days?
 Grand Mother: My school days? Oh, boy! That was a long, long time ago.
2.
 G: What did you like best about those days?
3.
 GM: Making good friends and spending time together with them was what I loved 
 most.
4.
 G: Where were some places you would hang out at after school?
 GM: 1. , we used to sit and chat at steamed bread shops or 
 noodle houses after school.
5.
 G: What did you talk about?
 GM: We talked a lot about our gyo-ryeon teacher. He was very poplular among us
 girls.
6.
 G: 2. .
 GM: It was a school subject, a bit like military training.
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then practice the dialog with a partner. 
[scirpt]
1 Girl: Grandma, could you tell me about your school days? 
 Grandma: My school days? Oh boy! That was a long, long time ago. 
2 Girl: What did you like best about those days? 
3 Grandma: Making good friends and spending time together with them was what I loved most. 
4 Girl: Where were some places you would hang out at after school? 
 Grandma: Back then, we used to sit and chat at steamed bread shops or noodle houses after school. 
5 Girl: What did you talk about? 
 Grandma: We talked a lot about our gyo-ryeon teacher. He was very popular among us girls. 
6 Girl: What does gyo-ryeon mean? 
 Grandma: It was a school subject, a bit like military training.
Before You Read
A Go over the photos and answer the questions.
․ What are these people doing? Describe each picture.
․ Compare these pictures with what happens today. How have they changed?
B Have you heard about rural life from adults? What is the first thing that comes up in your mind? 
Rural Life
Memories of Korean Rural Life 
The following diary was written by a foreign priest who lived in Anjung village, Pyeongtaek county, for two years from 1957 to 1959. It shows Korean country life and traditional customs from a foreigner’s point of view. 
February 
“Spring begins” (Ipch’un), says the traditional calendar. We have exchanged the harshness of the cold for the discomforts of the thaw. The “Beginning of Spring” day was traditionally the day for renewing the inscriptions outside of houses. Many years ago, it was common to paste up a strip of paper saying “The Beginning of Spring Is a Great Joy.” On the other half of the double door would be pasted a pendant verse saying “The Coming of the Sunshine Brings Many Blessings.” These can still be seen on some doors in the village, but I doubt whether many will have been renewed this year. More common on the great gates of houses are the characters of the dragon and the tiger, lucky zodiac symbols. They stand for four-character phrases declaring that the dragon, representing life and growth, brings the Five Blessings (Longevity, Riches, Harmony, Virtue, Finishing the Alloted Span), while the tiger chases away the Three Disasters: thieves, fire and ghosts. 
․discomfort ․thaw ․inscription ․paste ․verse ․astrological
․chase away
June 
The “barley pass,” a friend tells me, cuts through the highest of all the mountains of Korea. I can well believe it, even though the pass exists in time rather than in space. It is the name of famine season. During these weeks, before the barley ripens and when last year’s grain stocks are dwindling, prices soar. The grocery shopping I do in the village is not only expensive, but also difficult because there is so little fresh food that can be bought. Even kimchi, the ever-present Korean pickled vegetables, usually so strong in flavor, will have become bland. The villagers are complaining that this is the worst season of the year. Food and money are scarcest, flies and mosquitoes multiply, the heat is punishing, and much work remains to be done. 
keep in mind
Underline the part which describes in detail ‘the worst season of the year.’
․famine ․ripen ․dwindle ․ever-present ․bland ․punishing
August 
 Like most Koreans, I have to rely on buses for travelling. Almost no one in our half of the county owns a jeep, and I have yet to see a single car. We must use the buses which pass by eight or nine times a day along the road westward from the county town through our village, and which continue on for another five miles to an abandoned fishing and ferry port by the sea. They are the only transportation in our heavily populated “Four Myeon (rural districts) Beyond the Water,” and they are never less than crowded. 
keep in mind
What does ‘They’ in line 7 refer to?
․abandon ․ferry
․rely on 
When our village bus comes in, there is a rush for both doors. The youthful conductors fight off the passengers in an effort to empty the bus before attempting to refill it. There is always a fight. The women are usually more frantic than the men, yet I’ve even seen grandfathers climb in through the windows. Self-defence, as well as self-interest, has led me to adopt my own technique, which differs from that of the Koreans mainly in that I do not waste energy by shouting. There seems to be no restriction as to the amount of luggage a person can bring aboard. Women bring huge aluminum bowls of laundry, bags of grain, live chickens, sometimes even a small pig. Two notices say “No Smoking” and “Don’t chat with the driver.” Although written in Korean script, and therefore readable by all, they are entirely ignored. 
keep in mind
How did you feel when you read the paragraph?
․rush ․frantic ․adopt ․restriction
․in an effort to 
October 
This is the season my Korean friends most look forward to: the time of clear weather, beautiful trees, and abundant food. The Orient has its spring poems, and Europe its autumn songs and festivals, but it seems to me that autumn is dearer to the heart of the Koreans, while Westerners look to spring with the most joy. The contrast in the two cultures is clear. Traditionally, the Englishman killed off his cattle in mid-November and resigned himself to salted meat until the next spring brought him fresh vegetables, fresh meat on his table again, and the return of the sunshine and dry weather. Korea is entirely different. Quite apart from the fact that the winter gives the farmer a chance to rest from his heavy summertime labors in the field and enjoy some months of so-called leisure, we are now enjoying the best weather, a break from summer time illnesses, and a new abundance of food. 
keep in mind
What style of description is mainly used in this paragraph?
․abundant 
․look forward to ․resign oneself to 
After You Read
A Read the main text and fill in the blanks. 
February
June
October
August
Ipchun 
 . meaning: ⑴ 
renewing the inscriptions 
 “The Beginning of Spring Is a Great Joy.” 
 “The Coming of the Sunshine Brings Many Blessings.” 
symbols on the gates 
 ⑵ 
barley pass 
 meaning: ⑶ 
worst season of the year 
 reasons: ⑷ 
major transportation: ⑸ 
 always crowded 
 pass by ⑹ a day 
best season of the year 
 reasons: ⑺ 
B What other seasonal days have you heard of, besides Ipchun? Are there things your family does on one of these days? 
Language Lounge
A Word Formation
present
ever-present
ever-
growing
increasing
back
backward
sea
-ward
west
 The airplane turned westward, away from the mountain. 
 Even kimchi, the ever-present Korean vegetables, will have become bland. 
 With ever-growing recession, will entertainment industry face a hard time? 
 He was crying out loud to his wife, “turn the steering wheel backward!” 
B Word Combination
populated
heavily
involved
armed
milk
raw
sugar
material
 Most of the country was not heavily populated until very recently. 
 Raw milk makes for the best quality cheese. 
 I became heavily involved in the movement. 
 The cost of the raw materials soared. 
C Words in Context
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three.
 She advised me to keep a of everything I spend. 
 As a student she broke the Korean for the 100 meters. 
 My dad spends a lot of time listening to s. 
D Focus on Form
1. This is the season that my Korean friends most look forward to. 
 The grocery shopping that I do in the village is not only expensive, but also difficult. 
 These are the topics that we’ll discuss today. 
2. By the time you return next winter, the house will have been finished. 
 I doubt whether many will have been renewed this year. 
 I’m sure that she’ll speak English when she gets back, because one year of her study will have been completed around that time. 
Write It Out
A Look at the pictures and make a sentence as shown in the example.
| Example | 
This is the diamond ring. Mom wore the diamond ring. 
→ This is the diamond ring that Mom wore. 
1.The girl is living with three dogs. I love the girl. 
→ 
2. Where is the bag? She bought a bag yesterday. 
→ 
B Fill in the blanks using the given words as shown in the example.
| Example | 
A: When’s a good time to talk, Keith? 
B: After lunch-the stuff I’m working on will have been completed by then. (complete) 
1. A: On the 11th of May this year my grandparents will have for fifty 
 years. (marry) 
 B: Wow, what should we prepare for their anniversary? 
2. A: I can’t wait to get that new jacket. 
 B: The shopping site manager says it before the party next Monday. 
 (deliver) 
3. A: What time can we meet? 
 B: Come over to my house around 9 o’clock. By then, 
and we can go see a movie. (history essay, complete) 
C Read the letter. What two things did Robert not understand?
September 4th, 1965 
Dear Mr. Kim, 
I’m doing well here and I have made several Korean friends. 
Yesterday, my friend’s wife gave birth to a baby, so I went to his house to congratulate him. But surprisingly, he didn’t let me in to see the child. He tried to explain something, but I couldn’t understand him. Did I make a mistake? Another question: a straw rope with red peppers and charcoal had been strung across the gate of his house. What was that for? Could you please help me understand this situation? 
Thank you! 
Best, 
Robert 
What Robert didn’t understand : 
1. 
2. 
D Research the two things Robert didn’t understand. Then complete the reply with the answers. 
September 10th, 1965 
Dear Robert, 
After reading your letter, I couldn’t help but laugh. I can imagine how confused you must have been! The straw rope was strung across the gate of the home to 
 . 
Traditionally in Korea, when a girl is born, 
For a boy, 
Warm regards, 
Mr. Kim 
Work Together l researching things of the past 
Step1 Get in groups of 3 to 4 and choose an image to research. 
Step2 What did you find out? 
| Example |
The rubber band jumping game 
 This game involves a large rubber band and is usually played by three people. 
 Rubber bands are stretched out and wrapped around the legs of the players. 
 Players sing songs, jumping over the band. 
Step 3 Present your image to the class and demonstrate the activity. 
Around the World
A The following are food customs to prepare for winter. Fill in the blank.
Britain
making bacon
Dutch
churning butter and pickling pork
Bulgaria
Boiling corn, apples and nuts
Korea
B Research some other winter preparations. Share your findings with the class.
Check It Yourself
A Listening
 1. Listen and choose the best response. 
 2. Listen and choose the answer that cannot be inferred. 
 The girl shows interest in her grandma’s childhood. 
 The girl’s mother raised water from the well when she was young. 
 Looking at the photo, the mother feels nostalgic. 
 In the past, people raised water from the well every day. 
[script]
1 A: Do you know what ‘Biting Bureoms’ means? 
 B: No. I didn’t mean it! 
 No. What’s that? 
 No. Thanks. 
2 D: Mom, look at this photo. I found it in Grandma’s closet. Who’s this? 
 M: I haven’t seen that picture for quite a long time. This young woman is your grandma! 
 D: Really? I never imagined her looking so young and pretty! All I remember is her gray hair and kind, wrinkly smile. 
 M: Haha. I know. This photo makes me feel nostalgic for the old days. 
 D: By the way, what is she doing in the photo? Is that a well? 
 M: Yes, you’re right. She’s raising water from the well. 
 D: I’ve only seen people doing that on TV. I can’t even imagine doing that. 
 M: Back then it was a daily chore. Women used to carry water from the well every day. 
 D: So, did they really use a bucket tied to a rope? 
 M: Sure they did. There was also a pulley which helped lift the bucket upward. 
B Speaking 
Give your answers to the following 4 questions. You will be given 20 seconds to answer each question. 
 What is your strongest memory of a traditional holiday? 
→ . 
 When was it? 
→ . 
 What did you do? 
→ . 
 Why is it a strong memory? 
→ . 
C Reading
 Like most Koreans, I have to rely on buses for travelling. Almost no one in our half of the county owns a jeep, and I have yet to see a single car. We must use the buses that pass by eight or nine times a day along the road westward from the county town through our village, and which continue on for another five miles to an abandoned fishing and ferry port by the sea. There seem to be no restriction as to the amount of luggage a person can bring aboard. They are the only transportation in our heavily populated “Four Myeon (rural districts) Beyond the Water,” and they are never less than crowded. 
 When our village bus comes in, there is a rush for both doors. The youthful conductors fight off the passengers in an effort to empty the bus before attempting to refill it. There is always a fight. The women are usually more frantic than the men, yet even grandfathers climb in through the windows. Self-defence, as well as self-interest, has led me to adopt my own technique, which differs from that of the Koreans mainly in that I do not waste energy by shouting. 
 Read the following and answer the questions.
1. What is the topic of the passage? 
 Various means of transportation in the 1950’s 
 The appearance of 1950’s cars 
 Tourist attractions of Korea in the 1950’s 
 How people used transportation in the 1950’s 
2. What is the least relevant sentence in the passage from ~ ? 
D Writing
Do you agree or disagree with this “City life is better than rural life.” statement? Write a short paragraph and support your position including the following 
 an introduction a body a conclusion
<Lesson 6>
Lesson 6 Bridge of Dreams
Communicative Functions 
I am determined to break my bad habits. 
I can’t believe my eyes! 
Language Form 
 Bridge building experts throughout the world thought this to be an impossible feat. 
 Washington's brain was damaged, which left him unable to walk, talk or even move. 
Get Ready
A What city do the pictures describe?
B Listen to the two songs and write a word both focus on. 
1st Song: 
The Bridge 
I’ve seen the bridge and the bridge is long 
And they built it high and they built it strong 
Strong enough to hold the weight of time 
Long enough to leave some of us behind 
And every one of us has to face that day 
Do you cross the bridge or do you fade away 
And every one of us that ever came to play 
Has to cross the bridge or fade away. 
... 
2nd Song: 
Bridge Over Troubled Water 
When you’re weary, feeling small, 
When tears are in your eyes, I will dry them all 
I’m on your side, when times get rough 
And friends just can’t be found, 
Like a bridge over troubled water 
I will lay me down. 
Like a bridge over troubled water 
I will lay me down. 
... 
Let's Communicate 1 | I'm determined to break my bad habits.
A Listen In
1. Mark your answers
 Y N
 Do you give up easily?    
 Do you follow your plans strictly?    
 Do you mostly finish what you start?    
 Do you set goals and stick to them?    
2. Listen and choose the man’s bad habit. 
 He lies all the time. 
 He does not usually meet deadlines. 
 He bites his nails when he gets nervous. 
[script]
W: Ryan, you’re supposed to have your research done by tomorrow, remember? 
M: Oh, I know. I’ll have it finished by then. 
W: You will? Yeah, right! 
M: I’m serious. I’m determined to break my bad habits. From now on, I will be on time for everything. 
W: Okay then. I believe you. I’m expecting to see it tomorrow. 
B Listen & Do 
1. Listen. Which picture describes the man’s job? 
2. Listen again. Which statements can be inferred from the dialog? 
 The woman was aware of the man’s disease. 
 The man established a foundation to help fight cancer. 
 In his mid twenties, the man was recognized as the best in his field. 
 The man has never considered cycling since his accident. 
[script]
W: Today’s guest is the world-class athlete Sam Armstrong. Thanks for joining us, Sam. 
M: I’m glad to be here! 
W: Your struggle with cancer is well-known. When first diagnosed with cancer, you were the world’s top cyclist. Could you tell us a bit about that? 
M: At the age of 25, I was number one in cycling. When I was told that I had cancer, racing suddenly seemed much less important. At that time, my first priority was simply to live. 
W: I can’t even imagine how hard that must have been. What made you decide to return to cycling a year later? 
M: It was a rough year, but luckily I managed to beat the disease. Throughout the treatments, I realized that I couldn’t live without cycling. I was determined to continue cycling once I recovered enough. 
W: You really are strong. You’ve already achieved amazing success in your life as a cyclist. What’s next for Sam Armstrong? 
M: I guess you’ll just have to wait and see! 
C Speak Out
Step 1 These inspiring people overcame difficulties and failures. Add one of your own. You may search online if necessary. 
Walt Disney 
 He was fired by a newspaper editor because “he lacked imagination and had no good ideas.” 
Oprah Winfrey 
 She was fired from her job as a television reporter because she was “unfit for TV.” 
Your Own: 
What difficulties did he/she overcome? 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about a role model who overcame difficulties. Continue the dialog as long as you can. 
| Example | 
A: Mike, do you have a role model? 
B: Sure! It’s Park Jiseong. Even though he has flat feet, he has become a world famous soccer 
 player. I’ll be a great soccer player like him in the future. 
A: Are you serious? 
B: Sure I am. I’m determined to make it. You’ll see! 
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Focus on the words in purple. 
You are supposed to have your research done by tomorrow. 
When are you supposed to get there? 
Let's Communicate 2| I can't believe my eyes.
A Listen In
 1. Describe the buildings.
 2. Listen. Which building does the woman like most? 
[script]
W: What are you looking at? You seem so focused on whatever it is. 
M: I’m reading an article about unique buildings. It’s cool−ohere, take a look! 
W: Wow, is this really an office building? It looks just like a picnic basket! Cubic houses? I can’t believe that those buildings actually exist. 
M: Well, they really do. Which one do you find the most interesting? 
W: Umm.. I like the library the best. It is shaped like a stack of books! Cool! 
B Listen & Do
1. Listen. What is the dialog about? 
 complaining about poor service 
 selecting a place for a field trip 
 introducing visitors to a place 
2. Listen again. Which bench can you see on the main terrace? 
[script]
Tour Guide: Welcome to Park Güll! Here we are at the entrance of the park. What do you think? 
W1(Tourist): I can hardly believe my eyes! This place looks incredible. 
Tour Guide: Right. This garden was designed by the great architect Gaudí Overall, this park was skillfully composed to bring peace and calm. Now take a look at the two buildings on either side of the path. They look like Hansel and Gretel’s house, don’t they? 
W2(Tourist): Sorry to interrupt. What is the park’s main attraction? Is there any place or building that we must see? 
Tour Guide: You should definitely check out the main terrace. It’s surrounded by a bench in the form of a sea snake. The curves of the bench create a nice social atmosphere. Also, you can appreciate Gaudím’s beautiful mosaic work from there. 
C Speak Out
Step 1 Take a look at these unique buildings. Match them with the ideas that inspired them. 
The Forest Spiral 
 Apartment 
 Darmstadt, Germany 
Guangzhou Opera House 
 Concert Hall 
 Guangzhou, China 
Seoul World Cup Stadium 
 Stadium 
 Seoul, Korea 
 traditional kite 
 organic shapes of nature 
 a weathered pebble 
Step 2 Talk with a partner about interesting modern buildings. Continue the dialog as long as you can. 
| Example | 
A: Is there any building that you’d like to visit? 
B: I’d love to visit The Forest Spiral, the famous apartment building in Germany. 
A: Oh, that’s everyone’s favorite! I can’t believe it was built by human hands. 
B: Yeah, the architect must have been a genius. As far as I know, he intended to imitate the organic 
 shapes of nature. 
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Focus on the words in purple. 
What are you looking at? 
What are those bags for? 
Real Talk
A Complete the cartoon with your own words. 
1.
 G1:Well here we are – the Brooklyn Bridge! 
2.
 G2: 1 ?
3. 
 G1: Look at the people up there on the wooden walkway. 
 G2: Cars are passing right under their feet! 
4. 
 G1: Let's cross the bridge!
 G2: Oh... I don't think so. What if it collapses?
5.
 G1: Look at the wires. They're holding the bridge tight. 
 G2: Sorry! Bridges make me a bit nervous. 
6.
 G2: You go ahead. I'll wait here.
 G1: 2. .
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then practice the dialog with a partner. 
[script]
1 Jina: Well here we are — the Brooklyn Bridge! 
2 Yumi: I can’t believe my eyes! 
3 Jina: Look at the people up there on the wooden walkway. 
 Yumi: Cars are passing right under their feet! 
4 Jina: Let’s cross the bridge! 
 Yumi: Oh... I don’t think so. What if it collapses? 
5 Jina: Look at the wires. They’re holding the bridge tight. 
 Yumi: Sorry! Bridges make me a bit nervous. 
6 Yumi: You go ahead. I’ll wait here. 
 Jina: My mind is set! With or without you! 
Before You Read
A Circle the place you want to visit the most.
 Statue of Liberty 
 Empire State Building 
 Broadway 
 Central Park 
 Brooklyn Bridge 
B Go over the main text briefly. What can you find out about the Brooklyn Bridge? 
 who built it: 
 when it was built: 
 what places it connects :
Bridge of Dreams 
Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the moments that take our breath away. New York City has a Neo-Gothic style landmark which certainly does take our breath away - the Brooklyn Bridge. The bridge’s spectacular arch, which leaps over the river below, is a sight that captivates all who see it. It has been shown in many films, such as The Fifth Element and Enchanted. The story behind the bridge’s design and construction is as inspiring as its appearance. 
․landmark ․captivate ․feat 
․take one’s breath away
In 1867, a creative engineer named John Roebling presented his plans to build a bridge connecting New York City with the city of Brooklyn. The bridge was seen as a solution to overcrowding in Manhattan while encouraging development in Brooklyn. The bridge would also enable people and goods to cross the East River quickly, regardless of weather conditions. Up until Mr. Roebling’s proposal, bridge building experts throughout the world thought this to be an impossible feat. The chief problem was that the bridge would need to be high enough for tall ships to easily sail below it. At that time, the East River was one of the busiest stretches of water anywhere on earth. 
keep in mind 
What two areas does the bridge connect?
․expert ․stretch
․regardless of 
Roebling had already designed bridges in other parts of the U.S., but this was his most ambitious project yet. While many others doubted him, he knew deep in his heart that his bridge could be built. He just had to share his dream with someone else. After much discussion and persuasion, he managed to convince his son Washington, an up and coming engineer, that the bridge could in fact be built. He predicted that his bridge would be recognized “as a national monument and a great work of art.” 
Working together for the first time, father and son developed concepts of how their dream could be accomplished and how the obstacles could be overcome. With great excitement and inspiration, filled with the headiness of breaking new ground, they hired their crew and began to build their dream bridge. 
When the construction was only a few months underway, a tragic work-site accident took the life of John Roebling. Soon afterward, his son Washington was also involved in an accident. His brain was damaged, which left him unable to walk, talk or even move. 
It seems that everyone had something bad to say. “Crazy men and their crazy dreams,” they said. People said that the project should be scrapped, since the Roeblings were the only ones who knew how it could be built. In spite of his handicap, Washington was determined to complete the bridge. Though severely disabled, his mind was still as sharp as ever. 
keep in mind 
What effect do the quotation marks (" ") have in the story?
․persuasion ․convince ․heady ․scrape 
․up and coming 
Washington devised a code of communication with his wife, Emily, by lifting and lowering a single finger. He touched his wife’s arm with that finger, indicating to her that he wanted her to call the engineers again. Then he used the same method of tapping her arm to tell the engineers what to do. Almost unbelievably, the project was underway again. To help her husband supervise the bridge’s construction more efficiently, Emily studied higher mathematics , physics, bridge specifications, and cable construction, and then provided the critical written link between her husband and the engineers on site. 
For 13 years Washington tapped out his instructions with his finger on his wife’s arm, until the bridge was finally completed in 1883. Washington Roebling was unable to attend the bridge opening ceremony. 
Emily was the first to cross the bridge. The bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world until 1903. It was built remarkably strong; this was most apparent after the September 
keep in mind 
Who played a critical role in completing the bridge?
․devise ․suspension ․apparent ․panic
․be underway ․tap out 
11th at tack s on the World Trade Center, when the bridge was used by thousands of panicked people all at once as they fled Manhattan. The massive number of people on the bridge could not have been anticipated by the original designer, yet i t supported even this huge stress. 
Today, the spectacular Brooklyn Bridge stands in all its glory as a tribute to the triumph of one man’s indomitable spirit and his determination not to be defeated by circumstances. It is also a tribute to the engineers and their teamwork, and to their faith in a man who many critics said was crazy. It also stands as a tangible monument to the love and devotion of his wife, who for long years patiently decoded the messages of her husband and told the engineers what to do. 
This is perhaps one of the best examples of a “never-say-die” attitude overcoming a terrible physical handicap and achieving an impossible goal. The Brooklyn Bridge shows us that dreams that seem impossible can be realized with determination and persistence, no matter what the odds are. 
keep in mind 
Choose a single key word in the paragraph. 
․tribute ․indomitable ․critic ․tangible ․decode
․no matter what 
After You Read
A Read the main text and complete the blanks. 
 1. Who came up with the idea
 first strated to build the bridge in 1867.
 2. The places it connects
 It connects and .
 3. Why people thought the bridge was impossible to build
 The main problem was that it had to be enough.
 4. What happened during construction
 The architect died from and his son was seriously in it.
 5. How construction restarted
 Washington tapped out instructions with his finger on his wife's arm.
 6. When it was completed
 It was completed in and Washington's wife was the first to cross it.
Massage
Dreams can be realized with 
B Answer the questions and talk wit a partner.
 1. What things do you think create success?
 2. Pick the most important one and explain why you think so.
Language Lounge
domitable
indomitable
in(im)-
valid
possible
A Word Formation
fool
foolish
child
-ish
girl
 He was a man of indomitable spirit. 
 I was young and foolish at the time. I should have listened to people. 
 Without your supervisor’s signature, this document is invalid. 
 Look at the swallows - it’s impossible to see them in November! 
B Word Combination
handicap
overcome
shyness
prejudice
house
dream
job
holiday
 I’ve finally found my dream job. 
 I sang a song in the crowded street to overcome my shyness. 
 Win a dream holiday for two in Jejudo! 
 He overcame a terrible physical handicap and achieved an impossible goal. 
C Words in Context
 Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three.
 Its blade is razor . 
 He is very , a real quick thinker. 
 She is one of the most popular writers with an extremely mind. 
D Focus on Form
1. Bridge building experts throughout the world thought this to be an impossible feat. 
 They consider themselves to be Koreans. 
 They supposed the newspaper article to be false. 
2. His brain was damaged, which left him unable to walk, talk or even move. 
 Most teachers have their own Web page, which provides information about their classes. 
 He had a bad habit of not having breakfast, which worried his parents. 
Write It Out
A Complete the sentences using the given words
| Example | 
[earth, round] 
→ Columbus believed the earth to be round. 
1. [Katy, talented violinist] → They consider . 
2. [the man, good sportsman] → Erin believed . 
B Rewrite each sentence as shown in the example. 
 | Example | She tried to catch the butterfly and the butterfly seemed wounded.
 → She tried to catch the butterfly, which seemed wounded. 
1. I came across the book and I had seen the book when I was young. 
→ 
2. The dish contains carrots and he does not like carrots. 
→ 
C What do you want to achieve this year? Think about it, and answer the questions below.
Finish a 5 km race
Read 20 books
Tame my aggressive pet monkey
Travel somewhere you've never been
1. What is your goal for this year? 
→ I will this year. 
2. Why do you want to achieve it? 
→ I’d like to because . 
3. What obstacles do you think will emerge? 
→ 
4. How will you overcome those obstacles? 
→ 
D Write an essay on your goal.
Introduction
Write what your goal is and explain why.
 I will this year.
 However, I will face a number of obstacles. First of all, 
 I will try hard to achieve my goal. 
Body
List possible
obstacles and
suggest your own
solutions.
Conclusion
Mention how you will achieve it.
Work Together l overcoming difficult situations
Step 1 Get in groups of 4 to 5. Suppose you were stranded in a desert island like Robinson Crusoe. What difficulties would you face? Discuss ways to overcome them. 
Where do we sleep?
How will we find water to drink?
How can we make fire?
Step 2 Choose the five most difficult problems and the ways you would overcome them. 
Difficulties and Ways to Overcome 
1. shelter: build one by weaving leaves and branches 
2. food: fish and hunt for animals 
3. drinking water: 
4. 
5.
Step 3 Present your list to the class. 
Around the World
A These are some famous bridges around the world. Talk with a partner about each of them and choose your favorite. 
 The Tower Bridge 
 London, UK 
 Features a gothic tower resembling a castle 
 The Sydney Harbour Bridge 
 Sydney, Australia 
 The world’s largest steel arch bridge 
 The Chapel Bridge 
 Lucerne, Switzerland 
 The oldest covered wooden bridge in Europe 
 The Chengyang Wind-rain Bridge 
 Dong Minority Region, China 
 Built without a single nail 
 Do some research on each bridge and add some notable facts. 
B Do some research on the beautiful bridges of Korea and share your findings with the class. 
Check It Yourself
A Listening
 1. Listen and choose the best response. 
 2. Listen. What does the speaker insist? 
 Avoid unnecessary problems in your life. 
 Learn from failure and never give up. 
 Don't listen to other people. 
 Get ideas from ordinary objects.
[script]
1 A: I can hardly believe my eyes! This place looks incredible. 
 B: Close your eyes! 
 Yes, it’s awesome! 
 I don’t trust him, either. 
2 Thomas Edison was a great inventor. He developed many devices that influenced life around the world. However, in his early years, teachers told him that he was “too stupid to learn anything.” Work was no better, as he was fired from his first two jobs for not being productive enough. Even as an inventor, Edison made 1,000 unsuccessful attempts at inventing the light bulb. Although he failed many times, he was determined to make it, and he never gave up trying. Of course, his great determination finally resulted in the light bulb. The next time you’re feeling down about your failures, remind yourself that sometimes failure is just the first step towards success. 
B Speaking
Read the following problem and provide your own solution. You will be given two minutes to prepare your answer.
 I don’t do my best most of the time. When facing an obstacle, I just give up immediately. How can I be more determined? What should I do? 
C Reading
Read the passage and answer the questions. 
Washington with his wife, Emily, by lifting and lowering a single finger. He touched his wife’s arm with that finger, indicating to her that he wanted her to call the engineers again. Then he used the same method of tapping her arm to tell the engineers what to do. Almost unbelievably, the project was underway again. To help her husband supervise the bridge’s construction more efficiently, Emily studied higher mathematics, physics, bridge specifications, and cable construction, and then provided the critical written link between her husband and the engineers on site. 
For 13 years Washington tapped out his instructions with his finger on his wife’s arm, until the bridge was finally completed in 1883. Washington Roebling was unable to attend the bridge opening ceremony. Therefore, Emily was the first to cross the bridge. The bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world until 1903. It was built remarkably strong. 
1. Which one best fits in the blank? 
 developed a new construction method shared his idea of building the bridge 
 designed the suspension bridge devised a code of communication 
2. According to the passage, what is not true about Washington? 
 He could not attend the bridge opening ceremony. 
 His wife helped him give instructions to the engineers. 
 He was not determined enough to succeed. 
 He told the engineers what to do by tapping his wife’s arm. 
D Writing
Write about a time that you overcame difficulty. Include the following: 
 When and where it happened What happened How you overcame it
<Lesson 7>
Lesson 7 René Magritte: Surrealist Ad Designer
Communicative Functions
It isn’t clear to me what that means. 
I’m really fascinated by it.
Language Form
 He applied paint in a flat manner, creating a strong graphic effect. 
 René Magritte learnt his craft in advertising, an industry on which he has had a powerful influence. 
Get Ready
A Match the paintings with the titles.
 The Meeting 
 The Hunters in the Snow
 The Human Condition 
 The Lace Maker 
B Discuss each picture with a partner.
Let's Communicate 1|It isn’t clear to me what that means.
A Listen In
1. Guess what each phrase advertises.
 Drivers Wanted!
 Raise Your Expectations, Not Your Payments.
 The beginning of your life starts with the things close to you.
2. Listen. What are they talking about? 
 A pet shop
 A car
 A chair
[script]
A: Do you like this advertisement? I think it’s quite interesting. 
B: Well yes... and no! 
A: Haha, do you like it or not? I’m confused. 
B: Umm, I like the general image. But it isn’t clear to me what the advertisement means. Why is the dog crammed into the backseat like that? 
A: Oh, that’s the point of this ad. The car is driving so fast that the dog is getting squashed. 
B Listen & DO
1. Listen. Which advertisement did the man draw? 
2. Listen again and choose the statement that can be inferred. 
 The woman does not pay any attention to the man’s picture.
 The man has not come up with a vague concept of the advertisement.
 The man intends to hide new information about the product.
 The woman gives the man helpful advice to develop the idea.
[script]
W: Chris, what are you drawing? 
M: Nothing. I’m just doodling. 
W: Well, it doesn’t look like it. Tell me what it is! 
M: .... All right. You know I’m entering the competition to design the ice cream advertisement, right? This is the rough copy of my ad. Here it is. 
W: Cool! Let me have a look. Umm, it seems interesting, but it’s not clear to me why the cone is covered by a cloth. 
M: Oh, I did that on purpose. Since the point of this ad is announcing a new flavor, I thought I would go in the opposite direction. 
W: Opposite direction? What do you mean by that? 
M: I chose not to reveal the new taste. If the ad hides the new flavour, it will make people curious. 
W: Now I get it. Wow! I’m curious, too! 
C Speak Out
Step 1 Here are some unique and creative advertisements. What do you think is being
advertised?
Step 2 Have a conversation with a partner about the advertisements above. Continue the
dialog as long as you can.
| Example |
A: What do you think of the advertisement with the cactus?
B: That’s my favorite! Don’t you think it’s brilliant?
A: Actually, it’s not clear to me what it’s trying to say.
B: Do you see the cactus by the bed? If you touch it, you will wake up immediately.
A: Now I see what product is being advertised!
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Focus on the words in purple. 
That’s the point of this ad.
What kind of painting do you like most?
Let's Communicate 2|I’m really fascinated by the painting.
A Listen In
1. What do you think the people are saying?
2. Listen. What is the woman going to do this weekend? 
[script]
A: What is your plan for this weekend? 
B: I’m going to an art exhibition. It’s a collection of RenéMagritte’s work. 
A: RenéMagritte? Actually, I’ve never heard of him before. 
B: He was a surrealist and an advertisement designer. I’m fascinated by his paintings. 
B Listen & Do
1. Listen to the dialog. Which picture are they talking about? 
2. Listen again. Correct the sentences if they are wrong. 
 ⑴ Mia feels very satisfied with this exhibition.
 ⑵ The man understands the paintings at the exhibition quite well.
 ⑶ Mia and the man have different opinions on the painting.
[script]
Michael: Mia, are you enjoying this exhibition? 
Mia: Of course, I’m really glad we came here. What about you? 
Michael: To me, paintings are quite difficult to understand. 
Mia: Understanding art is not that difficult if you try a little bit. 
Michael: Well, what do you think of the painting over there? 
Mia: You mean the one of a huge floating rock with a castle on top? 
Michael: Yeah. I think it’s too weird. 
Mia: I know what you mean, but I’m really fascinated by it. 
Michael: Really? Why are you so interested by it? 
C Speak Out
Step 1 Go over the art exhibition posters and think about the answers to the following
questions.
Art of René Magritte
running from 
this Monday to this Friday
René Magritte
Art world of Pablo Picasso
running from this Tuesday to this Thursday
Pablo Picasso:
Cubist and sculptor
Claude Monet: A Master of Light and Color
running from this Monday to this Sunday Claude Monet: Impressionist
 What do you think the exhibition is about?
 Are you interested in the artists’ paintings?
Step 2 Talk with your partner using the information above.
| Example |
A: Jiyun, what did you do yesterday?
B: I went to the Art of René Magritte exhibition.
A: Oh, really? Could you tell me about it?
B: It runs until this Friday. Magritte was a surrealist and ad designer. I was fascinated by
 his unique paintings.
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Focus on the words in purple. 
Actually, I’ve never heard of the artist before.
I’ve never been to Jejudo.
Real Talk
A Complete the cartoon with your own words.
1.
 M: Which painting do you find most fascinating?
2.
 W: I like Broad way Boogie Woogie byMondrian. 1. 
3.
 M: Oh, I think I’ve heard of it...but could you tell me more about it? What attracts you so much?
4. 
 W: I think it expresses the bright and exciting atmosphere of New York city.
 M: 2. 
5.
 W: Well, It can be hard to figure out the subject of an abstract painting.
6.
 M: Yeah, I know what you mean!
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then
practice the dialog with a partner. 
[script]
1 Boy: Which painting do you find most fascinating? 
2 Girl: I like Broadway Boogie Woogie by Mondrian. I’m so fascinated by it! 
3 Boy: Oh, I think I’ve heard of it... but could you tell me more about it? What attracts you so much? 
4 Girl: I think it expresses the bright and exciting atmosphere of New York city. 
 Boy: Really? It isn’t clear to me how the painting shows that. 
5 Girl: Well, it can be hard to figure out the subject of an abstract painting. 
6 Boy: Yeah, I know what you mean! 
Before You Read
A Match each word to its meaning.
surrealism
 not based on any principle, plan, or
system
plagiarize
 a style in art and literature in which ideas,
images, and objects are combined in a
strange way, like in a dream
arbitrary
 unknown, or known by only a few people,
and difficult to understand or deal with
obscure
 happening repeatedly or existing for
a long time
perennial
 to use another person’s idea or work
and pretend that you thought of it or
created it
B Look at the painting. What kind of advertisement would go well with it?
René Magritte: Surrealist Ad Designer
 Ever since the birth of the advertising industry in the late 19th century, there has been a great deal of overlap between ads and fine art. Ad agencies must come up with eye-catching campaigns, and one time-honoured tactic for beleaguered art directors is to imitate famous paintings, in the spirit of homage or comical pastiche.
 The paintings of Belgian artist René Magritte (1898-1967) illustrate this technique. His poetical pictures, with signature motifs of f laming tubas and men in bowler hats, have been imitated in countless advertisements employed by various agencies — from famous car companies to the French state railway.
keep in mind
Underline what ‘this technique’ in line 8 means.
 beleaguer homage pastiche motif tuba
 come up with
 Magritte’s The False Mirror (1928), for instance, is a close-up painting of a lashless eye, in which the iris appears to reflect puffy white clouds floating against a bright blue sky. It inspired the logo of one of America’s major broadcasting networks. 
 All this seems to follow a pattern: the purity of an artist’s vision is damaged and distorted by plagiarists and popular artists. Except that, in this case, the pattern doesn’t match reality —because Magritte actually worked as a commercial artist himself.
 He may have occasionally moaned that he found the work “nauseating,” but his commercial activities had a demonstrable effect on his paintings. Arguably, Magritte’s career as an illustrator and designer of publicity material even shaped his vision as an artist. He produced posters and advertisements in brochures and magazines for a number of clients, including bookshops, a jeweller, and car manufacturers.
 Magritte was a Surrealist, part of a group of artists known for their unconventional ideas and images. Magritte often painted arbitrarily, picking common objects as subjects and painting them in obscure settings. He liked to choose puzzling themes with underlying ideas to invoke curiosity and intrigue the human mind.
keep in mind
Write down a word that describes the main feature of Surrealism.
 lash iris inspire distort plagiarist demonstrable surrealist
 unconventional arbitrarily obscure
 In 1926, Magritte held his first exhibition in Brussels, but critics hated it. Depressed, he moved to Paris, where he became friends with André Breton, the leader of the Surrealists. This marked the
start of Magritte’s involvement with the Surrealists.
 Magritte spent almost three years in Paris, a period of electrifying productivity where he matured as a fine artist. The Lovers, 1928, The Central Story, 1928, Symmetrical Cunning, 1928, and others, were
painted in Paris. By the summer of 1930, Magritte was back in Brussels. Even as late as the fifties, he still accepted commercial work.
 His paintings favour bold, frontal, symmetrical subjects. They frequently combine images with words. The famous pipe in The Treachery of Images, (1968) seems slightly odd, as it appears to be
hanging in mid air. At first glance, The Treachery of Images looks like an advertisement of a tobacco product or store. The painting may not be extraordinary, but the philosophy behind its creation makes it truly incomparable. The text below the pipe, “This is not a pipe,” forces the viewer to reassess what has been observed at first glance. The statement is puzzling, yet actually true, since the
painting is merely an image of a pipe and not the real object ‘pipe.’
 abuse involvement electrify symmetrical incomparable reassess
 The 1960s brought a great increase in public awareness of Magritte’s work. The fantastic content of his art had great appeal for the general public and became widely disseminated in commercial advertising and posters. Thanks to his sound knowledge of how to present objects in a manner both suggestive and questioning, his works have been frequently adapted or plagiarized in advertisements, posters, book covers, and the like. 
 Examples include album covers such as Beck-Ola by The Jeff Beck Group (reproducing Magritte’s The Listening Room, and Jackson Browne’s 1974 album Late for the Sky, with artwork inspired by Magritte’s The Empire of Light (1954).
 Magritte’s works still influence pop art and graphic design, not to mention advertising. Even contemporary films have drawn from Magritte’s artwork. The Matrix was inspired by Magritte’s
Golconde (1953) and the animated movie, Howl’s Moving Castle borrowed from Magritte’s Le chateau
des Pyrenees (1959).
keep in mind
Write down 3 fields Magritte’s works influenced on.
 awareness disseminate reproduce contemporary
 René Magritte learnt his craft in advertising, an industry on which he, in turn, has had a powerful influence. 
 Magritte chose ordinary things to construct his works upon — trees, chairs, tables, doors, windows, shoes, shelves, landscapes, or people, for example. Magritte wanted to show objects as they aren’t, to provide a mystery, not a symbol, and to frighten the viewer into not understanding his images. He applied paint in a flat, opaque manner, creating a strong graphic effect that feels mass-produced. This was because he wanted to keep the artist’s hand invisible, and use an ordinary, universal language that could be understood by everyone. In the end, Magritte’s perennial subject is the mystery which he believed is inherent within everyday experience. 
 He claimed that he wanted to put the real world into question. “If the spectator finds that my paintings are a kind of defiance of ‘common sense,’ he realizes something obvious,” he said. “For me, the world is a defiance of common sense.”
keep in mind
What is the important subject of Magritte’s paintings?
 opaque perennial inherent defiance
After You Read
A Complete the summary of the main text.
Topic
René Magritte
 fine artist
Body
 Magritte’s career as an illustrator and designer of publicity material shaped his vision as an artist.
 Magritte was a who was known for his unconventional ideas and depictions.
 The Treachery of Images: The text below the pipe, ‘this is not a pipe,’ makes the viewer .
 Magritte’s works influenced pop art and graphic design, not to mention advertising.
Conclusion
 In the end, Magritte’s perennial subject is the which he believed is inherent within everyday experience.
T
F
⑴ Many advertisements used René Magritte’s motifs of flaming tubas and men in bowler hats.
 
 
⑵ Magritte was applauded by critics after his first exhibition in Brussels.
 
 
⑶ In the 1960s, more and more people became aware of Magritte’s work.
 
 
⑷ Magritte wanted to show ordinary objects as they aren’t.
 
 
B Check T for true or F for false.
C Read and answer the following questions. Then discuss your answers with a partner.
“If the spectator finds that my paintings are a kind of defiance of ‘common sense’, he realizes something obvious,” he said. “For me, the world is a defiance of common sense.”
1. What kind of point of view does René Magritte have on his art?
2. What do you think ‘a defiance of common sense’ means? Can you describe how René Magritte’s works express ‘a defiance of common sense?
Language Lounge
A Word Formation
power
powerful
hand
awe
-ful
graph
graphic
economy
scene
-ic
 He has had a powerful influence on the advertising industry.
 Magritte’s works still influence pop art and graphic design.
 Today’s weather is awful - it’s rainy and windy.
 The candidate argued that economic reform should be initiated promptly.
B Word Combination
an exhibition
hold
talks
a conference
sense
common
knowledge
law
 In 1926, Magritte held his first exhibition in Brussels.
 For me, the world is a defiance of common sense.
 This year’s conference will be held at the Grand Hotel.
 It is common knowledge that cigarette smoking is harmful to your lungs.
C Words in Context
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three.
 Did you any strategy to go from an actor to a writer?
 I them simply because they’re the best.
 He d his position as manager to get jobs for his friends.
D Focus on Form
1. He applied paint in a flat manner, creating a strong graphic effect.
 Magritte often painted arbitrarily, picking common objects as subjects.
 He cleaned his room, listening to some classical music.
2. René Magritte learnt his craft in advertising, an industry on which he has had a powerful influence.
 Magritte’s The False Mirror is a close-up painting of a lashless eye, in which the iris appears
to reflect white clouds.
 I bought a special pen with which I intend to practice drawing.
Write It Out
A Fill in the blanks with the proper expression using the given words.
| Example |
[smile brightly]
→ The prime minister shook hands with the reporter,
smiling brightly.
1. [think of childhood friends]
→ Andy lay on the grass, 
2. [try to relax]
→ She watched a documentary film, 
B Fill in the blanks using the words in A. Change the word form if necessary.
A
I’m glad that a friend who I went to school
with lives next door. I go to a park with him on Saturdays.
I love the park, which I used to play baseball
in. In the park, there’s a huge rock which a
church was built on in 1885.
B
I’m glad that a friend I went to school lives next door. I go to a park with him on Saturdays.
I love the park, I used to play baseball. In the park, there’s a huge rock a church was built in 1885.
=
C Look at René Magritte’s painting, Golconde and answer the questions.
1. Think about the subject and details of this painting.
2. What color is the most frequently used in this painting?
3. How does the painting look?
4. What are some interesting points of the painting?
5. What do you think the painter wanted to show us?
6. Will you recommend this painting to your friends?
D Complete a review of Golconde based on your notes.
Golconde depicts . I can see .
I can also see .
In this painting is the most frequently used color. The painting looks 
 .
It is interesting to see .
I think the painter wanted to show us .
I want to recommend this painting .
Work Together l making an advertisement using a well-known painting
Step 1 Get into groups of 5. Choose one picture to make an advertisement out of. You can
also find a picture on your own.
Step 2 Decide what kind of advertisement your group will make. Come up with some ideas
related to the advertisement.
 1. What product will you advertise?
 2. What kind of advertisement is it?
 3. Write an advertisement script.
Step 3 Present your group’s advertisement to the class.
Around the World
A These are some famous surrealist paintings from around the world. Talk with a partner
about each of them and choose your favorite.
 Rooster
 by Joan Miró
 Pietà or Revolution by Night
 by Max Ernst
 The Persistence of Memory
 by Salvador Dali
 African Sonata
 by Vladimir Kush
Do some research on each painting and add some notable features.
B Do some research on Korean surrealist artists and share your findings with the class.
Check It Yourself
A Listening
1. Listen and choose the best response. 
2. Listen. What is the purpose of the statement? 
 To emphasize the importance of surrealism in art history
 To explain about the Magritte’s painting
 To disagree with the traditional analysis of Magritte’s paintings
 To lecture on some drawing techniques
[script]
1 
A: It’s not clear to me what the painting is trying to say. 
B: 
 Yeah, she talks too much. 
 Surrealist artwork is like that. 
 It’s a watercolor painting. 
2 
Now, let me talk about Magritte’s major work, ‘The Empire of Lights.’ The moment I saw this, I was absolutely fascinated by it. It depicts a beautiful house lit up by its interior lights, and surrounded by the darkness of the night. What is especially surreal is that the sky above the house is a daytime sky, full of brightness and white clouds. However, below the tree-line is totally dark, and the water reflects the darkness. It is a serene, mysterious scene. 
The piece is a magnificent portrayal of RenéMagritte’s unique concept of time. It clearly shows his ability to harmonize nature’s elements with time. There are several versions of this painting, all of them possessed of the same concept, day harmoniously blending into night. 
B Speaking
Go over the 6 pictures and tell a story based on them. You’ll be given 2 minutes to
prepare your answer.
C Reading
 By the summer of 1930, Magritte was back in Brussels. His paintings came to favor bold, frontal, symmetrical subjects. The famous pipe in The Treachery of Images (1968) seems slightly odd, appearing to be hanging in mid air. At first glance, The Treachery of Images looks like an advertisement of a tobacco product or store. The painting may not be extraordinary, but the philosophy behind its creation makes it truly incomparable. The text below the pipe, “This is not a pipe,” forces the viewer to reassess what has been observed at first glance. The statement is puzzling, yet actually true, since the painting is merely an image of a pipe and not the real object ‘pipe’. 
Read the following and answer the questions.
1. What is the best place for the following sentence?
They frequently combined images with words.
2. What does the underlined part, “This is not a pipe” mean?
 The object painted in The Treachery of Images is not a pipe but a trumpet.
 The pipe represents the negative effects of tobacco.
 The pipe in the painting is just an image of the real object.
 In The Treachery of Images, a pipe-like object is vaguely painted.
D Writing
Write about your favorite painting. Include the following in your writing.
 Who painted it?
 What is it a painting of?
 Why do you like it?
<Lesson 8>
Lesson 8 The Birthmark
Communicative Functions
 I like you just the way you are.
 Let me see.
Language Form
 Had Georgiana been less beautiful, he might have felt his love increased by the prettiness of that 
 little hand.
 But the deeper his knife went, the deeper the small hand sank until it had caught hold of 
 Georgiana’s heart.
Get Ready
A What do you think these characters have in common?
The Ugly Duckling
The Beauty and the Beast
Shrek
B Discuss the sayings with a partner.
 Beauty is not in the face; beauty is a light in the heart.
 Everything has beauty, but not everyone sees it.
 Beauty is only skin deep, but ugly goes clear to the bone.
Let's Communicate 1 |I like how you look.
A Listen In
1. Compare the pictures. Which one would you like to become?
 I love myself. I don't like how I look.
2. Listen. What is the girl’s problem? 
 She doesn’t like the shape of her nose.
 She has pimples on her face.
 She thinks her face is too long.
[script]
Mike: Hey, why do you look so down? Is there a problem? 
Katie: My face is covered with these pimples. I feel so ugly. 
Mike: Please don’t think that way. You’re pretty. I like how you look. 
Katie: You’re kidding! What about these pimples? What if they won’t disappear? 
Mike: It happens to all of us. Believe me, they will be gone in no time. 
B Listen & Do
1. Listen. What does the speaker insist? 
 Gain self-confidence by improving your physical beauty.
 Copy some good qualities of others.
 Discover and develop your inner beauty.
2. Listen again and choose the person who follows the speaker’s advice. 
[script]
Too many of us focus only on physical beauty. So where does inner beauty fit in? We all have inner beauty, however, it’s up to us whether we’re aware of it and utilize it. Inner beauty is far more important than physical beauty. Here are some strategies to help you find yours. First, make an “I love myself” list. Write down your good qualities. Are you sweet? Sincere? All these give you evidence of your inner beauty. Second, cultivate your inner beauty. How can you bring it out? It’s simple: Be yourself! Show your beautiful qualities to others daily. Third, avoid negative talk. Negative comments about others breeds more negativity in you. Instead, focus on the good in people. When you develop your inner beauty, your physical beauty will improve as well. Love yourself the way you are and unleash your inner beauty to the world! 
C Speak Out
Step 1 These teens are worried. What would you say to encourage them?
Nicole / big feet
I think I have really big feet. What if the shoes I’d love to wear don’t fit?
Susie / fat fingers
I envy girls with long, thin fingers.
Jim / shyness
I’m usually quiet and a little shy. Sometimes I want to be an outgoing person.
Step 2 What’s something you worry about? Talk with a partner about it.
|  Example  |
Susie: I don’t like my fat fingers. They really bother me.
Jim: I didn’t know you had a problem with them. Actually I think they’re pretty cute.
Susie: No way! They’re ugly and clumsy.
Jim: No, they aren’t. They’re like cute baby fingers. I like you just the way you are.
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Focus on the words in purple. 
Believe me, they will be all gone in no time.
Give me the document please.
Let's Communicate 2|Let me see.
A Listen In
1. Circle the kinds of things you like reading.
 essay sci-fi cartoon novel
 poetry history
2. Listen. Which one is a picture of Anne? 
 	 	 
[script]
W: The library’s Top 10 list has come out. You wanna take a look? 
M: Already? Oh, Anne of Green Gables is listed at the top. 
W: I haven’t read that book. What is it like? 
M: Well... It’s a beautifully written novel. It’s about a red-haired orphan girl named Anne, who is bright and imagines things all the time. 
W: Ah, I’ve heard about Anne. She has many freckles on her face and she talks a lot. I bet I’ll like her. I’ll see if the book is available now. 
B Listen & Do
1. Listen. Which picture describes Nathaniel Hawthorne’s job? 
 	 	 
2. Listen again and correct the statements about Nathaniel Hawthorne.
⑴ He is a contemporary writer. → 
⑵ The Birthmark is a great poem. → 
[script]
M: Hey, what are you reading? Ooh, that book looks quite serious. 
W: It’s The Great Stone Face. Do you know the American writer, Nathaniel Hawthorne? 
M: Hawthorne? I haven’t heard of him. Is he a contemporary writer? 
W: No, he’s a 19th century writer. He’s actually one of the greatest authors. Have you heard of The Scarlet Letter? 
M: Ah, I know that one. Isn’t there a movie based on it? 
W: Yes, right. The Scarlet Letter is probably his most famous work. 
M: Yeah? Can you tell me more about his other works? 
W: This book I’m reading is a well-known short story. And let me see... The Birthmark and Young Good Man Brown are also great short novels. 
M: Is there a common theme in his writing? 
W: His work deals mainly with psychological themes. He suggested that guilt and evil are inherent qualities in humanity. 
M: Sounds serious! 
C Speak Out
Step 1The following are books about discovering your true self. Read the information, then
suggest a book of your own.
the CACHER in the RYE
Author - J. D. Salinger
Story line - a rebellious teenager named Holden spends 3 days in New York, trying to understand 
 his place in the world
The Great Stone Face
Author - Nathaniel Hawthorne
Story line - a boy named Ernest who wants to see a man who resembles a giant rock near his 
 house
Your Recommendation
Writer
Book Title 
Storyline
Step 2 Have a conversation with a partner about books that deal with the search for identity.
|  Example  |
Nate: Sometimes I think I’m not quite sure who I am. What should I do?
Lucy: Let me see... Why don’t you try reading The Catcher in the Rye? It’ll be helpful.
Nate: What kind of story is it?
Lucy: It’s a story of a teenage boy who tries to understand his place in the world.
Sound Tips
Listen and repeat. Focus on the words in purple. 
It’s a beautifully written novel.
She talks pretty much all the time.
Real Talk
A Complete the cartoon with your own words.
1.
 G: What's that you're working on?
 B: It's my exercise plan for this summer break.
2. 
 B: Here, take a look! 
 G: Woah... You're really going to exercise 7 days a week... five hours a day?
3. 
 B: What do you think?
 G: 1. 
4.
 G: why do you want to exercise that much, anyway?
 B: Look at me. I'm short and thin.
5.
 B: I don't want to look weak to others.
6.
 G: 2. 
1. 
2. 
B Listen to the conversation and compare your answers with what you hear. Then
practice the dialog with a partner. 
[script]
1 Girl: What’s that you’re working on? 
 Boy: It’s my exercise plan for this summer break. 
2 Boy: Here, take a look! 
 Girl: Woah... You’re really going to exercise 7 days a week... five hours a day? 
3 Boy: What do you think? 
 Girl: Well, let me think about it a bit. 
4 Girl: Why do you want to exercise that much, anyway? 
 Boy: Look at me. I’m short and thin. 
5 Boy: I don’t want to look weak to others. 
6 Girl: I like you just the way you are. 
Before You Read
A Take a guess and number the pictures in order. Then tell your partner how the story
develops.
 
 
 
 
 
B Think of some famous people who have a distinctive birthmark. Do you think the birthmarks add to their attractiveness? Why or why not?
The Birthmark
 A long time ago, there lived a renowned scientist who had experienced a spiritual reaction more striking than any chemical one.
 He had left his laboratory in the care of his assistant, washed the chemicals from his hands and asked a beautiful woman to become his wife. Very quickly he came to cherish this woman deeply, a love exceeding even his love of science. The scientist’s name was Aylmer. One day, very soon after their marriage, Aylmer looked at his wife with a troubled expression.
“Georgiana,” he said, “have you ever considered that the mark upon your cheek might be removed?”
“No,” she said smiling. But seeing the seriousness of his question, she said, “The mark has so often been called a charm that I was simple enough to imagine it might be so.” “On another face it might,” answered her husband, “but not on yours. No dear, Nature made you so perfectly that this
small defect shocks me as being a sign of earthly imperfection.” “Shocks you!” cried Georgiana,
deeply hurt. Her face reddened and she burst into tears. “Then why did you marry me? You
cannot love what shocks you!”
keep in mind
How do Aylmer and Georgiana feel about the mark on Georgiana’s face?
 renowned cherish exceed efect earthly
 burst into
 We must explain that in the center of Georgiana’s left cheek there was a birthmark, deep in her skin. The mark was usually a deep red color. When Georgiana blushed, the mark became less visible. But when she turned pale, there was the mark, like a red stain upon snow. The birthmark would come and go with the emotions in her heart. The mark was shaped like a very small human hand. Georgiana’s past lovers used to say that the hand of a magical fairy had touched her face when she was born. Many a gentleman would have risked his life for the honor of kissing that mysterious hand. But other people had different opinions. Some women said the red hand quite destroyed the effect of
Georgiana’s beauty. Male observers who did not praise the mark simply wished it away so that they did not see it. After his marriage, Aylmer discovered that this was the case with himself. Had Georgiana been less beautiful, he might have felt his love increased by the prettiness of that little hand. But because she was other wise so perfect, he found the mark had become unbearable. Aylmer saw the mark as a sign of his wife’s eventual sadness, sickness and death. Soon, the birthmark caused him more pain than Georgiana’s beauty had ever given him pleasure.
keep in mind
What happens when Georgiana blushes or her face turns pale?
 birthmark visible stain unbearable eventual
 During a period that should have been their happiest, Aylmer could only think of this disastrous subject. With the morning light, Aylmer opened his eyes upon his wife’s face and recognized the sign of imperfection. When they sat together in the evening near the fire, he would gaze regretfully at the mark. Georgiana soon began to fear his look. His expression would make her face go pale. And the birthmark would stand out like a red jewel on white stone.
 One night Aylmer had a frightful dream. He had imagined himself with his assistant trying to remove the birthmark with an operation. But the deeper his knife went, the deeper the small hand sank until it had caught hold of Georgiana’s heart. Aylmer felt shocks of guilt as he remembered the dream the next morning.
 disastrous frightful guilt
 stand out
 “Aylmer,” said Georgiana, “I do not know what the cost would be to both of us to remove this birthmark. Removing it could deform my face or damage my health.” 
“Dearest Georgiana, I have spent much thought on the subject,” said Aylmer. “I am sure it can be removed.” “Then let the attempt be made at any risk,” said Georgiana. “Life is not worth living while this hateful mark makes me the object of your horror. You are a brilliant scientist and have made
great discoveries. Remove this little mark for the sake of your peace and my own.”
“Dearest wife,” cried Aylmer. “Do not doubt my power. I am ready to make this cheek as perfect as its pair.” Her husband gently kissed her right cheek, the one without the red hand.
keep in mind
What does ‘at any risk’ in line 6 suggest?
 deform remove tempt
 at any risk be worth ~ing for the sake of
 The next day the couple went to Aylmer’s laboratory where he had made all his famous discoveries. Georgiana would live in a beautiful room he had prepared nearby, while he worked
tirelessly in his lab. One by one, Aylmer tried a series of powerful experiments on his wife. But the mark remained. 
 Georgiana waited in her room. She read through his notebooks of scientific observations. She could not help but see that many of his experiments had ended in failure. She decided to see for herself the scientist at work. The first thing that struck Georgiana when entering the laboratory was the hot furnace. From the amount of soot above it, it seemed to have been burning for ages. She saw machines, tubes, cylinders and other containers for chemical experiments. What most drew her attention was Aylmer himself. He was nervous and pale as death as he worked on preparing a
liquid. Georgiana realized that her husband had been hiding his tension and fear.
 “Think not so little of me that you cannot be honest about the risks we are taking,” she said. “I
will drink whatever you make for me, even if it is a poison.” 
“My dear, nothing shall be hidden,” Aylmer said. “I have already given you chemicals powerful enough to change your entire physical system. Only one thing remains to be tried and if that fails, we are ruined!”
keep in mind
What does ‘the amount of soot’ in line 11 suggest?
 furnace soot
 for ages
 He led her back to her room where she waited once more, alone with her thoughts. She hoped that for just one moment she could satisfy her husband’s highest ideals. But she realized then that his mind would forever be unsatisfied, always requiring something newer, better and more perfect. Hours later, Aylmer returned carrying a crystal glass with a colorless liquid. “The chemical process went perfectly,” he said. “Unless all my science has tricked me, it cannot fail.” To test the liquid, he placed a drop in the soil of a dying flower growing in a pot in the room. In a few moments, the plant became healthy and green once more. “I do not need proof,” Georgiana said quietly. “Give me the glass. I am happy to put my life in your hands.” She drank the liquid and immediately fell asleep. Aylmer sat next to his wife, observing her and taking notes. He noted everything — her breathing, the
movement of an eyelid. He stared at the birthmark. And slowly, with ever y breath that came and went, it lost some of its brightness.
“By Heaven! It is nearly gone,” said Aylmer. “We did it!”
 require trick proof
 take notes
 He opened the window coverings to see her face in daylight. She was so pale. Georgiana opened her eyes and looked into the mirror her husband held. She tried to smile as she saw the barely visible mark. “My poor Aylmer,” she said gently. “You have aimed so high. With so high and pure a feeling, you have rejected the best the Earth could offer. I am dying, dearest.”
 It was true. The hand on her face had been her link to life. As the last trace of color disappeared from her cheek, she gave her last breath. Blinded by a meaningless imperfection and an
impossible goal, Aylmer had thrown away her life and with it his chance for happiness. In trying to improve his lovely wife, he had failed to realize she had been perfect all along.
 barely reject
After You Read
A Arrange the sentences in the right order to complete the summary of The Birthmark.
A scientist named Aylmer, marries a beautiful woman, Georgiana. She has a red birthmark
in the shape of a hand on her face. He believes the birthmark is a sign of imperfection and
wants to remove it. However, she thinks the mark is a charm.
 There is only one experiment left to be tried and he gives her a clear liquid.
 After hearing about the dream, she decides to remove it whatever it takes.
 He tries many experiments on her but none of them works.
 One day, he has a dream about removing the mark with an operation.
 As the mark slowly disappears, she dies.
ⓕ She drinks the liquid and goes into a deep sleep.
B Fill in the blanks using the given words below.
represent humanity’s impossible for perfection
Aylmer's experiments
intended to remove Georgiana's 
represents from Aylmer's point of view
caused Georgiana’s 
death, imperfection, desire, birthmark
C Do research on some of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s other works. Discuss your findings with a partner.
Language Lounge
A Word Formation
sprit
spiritual
concept
-ual
habit
assist
assistant
attend
-ant
consult
 The scientist had experienced a spiritual reaction more striking than any chemical one.
 He had imagined himself with his assistant trying to remove the birthmark.
 His staying up late had become habitual.
 I blew my horn because the gas station attendant didn’t return my credit card. Then he
 apologized awkwardly smiling.
B Word Combination
experiments
a series of
lectures
victories
draw
arrest
attention
receive
 One by one, Aylmer tried a series of powerful experiments on his wife.
 What most drew her attention was Aylmer himself.
 He gave a series of lectures at Hanguk University last year on writing.
 The exhibition received no attention in the press.
C Words in Context
Fill in the blanks with a word that fits in all three.
 Aylmer sat next to his wife, observing her and taking s.
 She has a nice voice but has trouble hitting the high s.
 He played four long s on the piano.
D Focus on Form
1. Had Georgiana been less beautiful, he might have felt his love increased by the
prettiness of that little hand.
 Had it not been for her help, I wouldn’t have passed the test.
 Had Eric been informed about the meeting, he would have participated.
2. But the deeper his knife went, the deeper the small hand sank until it had caught
hold of Georgiana’s heart.
 The more I spend time with him, the more I find his nature to be unpredictable.
 The more we make mistakes, the more we learn.
Write It Out
A Look at the pictures below and complete the sentences using the given words.
|  Example  |
Had she not arrived early, the surprise party would not have been ruined. (not arrive)
1. yesterday, we could have gone hiking. (not rain)
2. , I might have been in time for the train. (make haste)
B Arrange the given words in the right order to complete the sentences.
|  Example  |
(became, the, popular, the, more, restaurant)
→ The more popular the restaurant became, the more crowded it got.
1. (essay, sooner, the, you, finish, the)
→ , the earlier you can go home.
2. (the, in, you, longer, the, stay, sun)
→ , the more you’re likely to get burned.
C Which book has made the biggest impression on you? Think about it and answer the
questions.
Title : 
1. What is the theme and the setting of the book?
Theme: 
Place: 
Time: 
2. What is the story about? Make a summary of it.
3. What are the main characters like? Describe them.
Main Character 1 : 
Main Character 2 : 
4. After reading it, how did your view on life change?
D Write your own review about the book you chose above.
 is a story about 
This novel mainly deals with 
Work Together l creating a story
Step 1 Get into groups of 4 and create a story based on the pictures below. Choose four
pictures and discuss the order they will go in.
⑦ ⑧ ⑨
Step 2 Create a story according to the story line your group created. Each member should
write about one picture. Then, put them together into a single story.
 1st picture: 
 2nd picture: 
 3rd picture: 
 4th picture: 
Step 3 Present your group's story to the class. Evaluate the other stories and pick the best one.
Around the World
A Match these famous authors with their works.
Hermann Hesse
Charlotte Bronte
Victor Hugo
Park Wanseo
O Henry
William Golding
Lord of the Flies Demian Jane Eyre
Les Miserables The Last Leaf Who ate up all the Shinga
B Do some research on your favorite author and fill in the blanks. Then briefly introduce
the author to the class.
My Favorite Author
Notable Works
Other
Check It Yourself
A Listening
1. Listen and choose the best response. 
2. What is the purpose of the dialog? 
 to pay a late fee for an overdue book
 to explain where the book is
 to recommend a book to read
 to give information on New York City
[script]
1 A: My face is covered with these pimples. I feel so down. 
 B: Please don’t think that way. 
 Go upstairs! 
 I discovered it in the closet. 
2 Nate: Could you recommend a good book to me? 
 Lucy: What kind of book would you like to read? 
 Nate: I’m looking for a book about finding one’s identity. A novel like Demian would be great. 
 Lucy: Let me see... Why don’t you read The Catcher in the Rye? 
 Nate: I’ve heard the title many times. What kind of story is it? 
 Lucy: It is a story of a teenage boy named Holden who’s been kicked out of school. After getting 
 expelled, he spends two days in New York City. 
 Nate: So, the whole story takes place only over a couple of days? 
 Lucy: You’re right... The duration is pretty short. 
 Nate: What happens during that time? 
 Lucy: He tries to understand his place in the world, as he experiences some interesting events. 
 Nate: That sounds exactly like what I’m looking for. Thanks a lot. 
B Speaking
 Give your answer to the following 4 questions. You will be given 20 seconds to answer each question.
 Who is your favorite author?
 What are the books that the author wrote?
 What is your favorite book?
 Why do you like the book most?
C Reading
Read the following and answer the questions.
 We must explain that in the center of Georgiana’s left cheek there was a birthmark,
deep in her skin. The mark was usually a deep red color. When Georgiana blushed, the
mark became less visible.
 (A) But other people had different opinions. Some women said the red hand quite destroyed 
 the effect of Georgiana’s beauty. Male observers who did not praise the mark simply wished it 
 away so that they did not see it.
 (B) The mark was shaped like a very small human hand. Georgiana’s past lovers used to say 
 that the hand of a magical fairy had touched her face when she was born. Many a gentleman 
 would have risked his life for the honor of kissing that mysterious hand. 
 (C) But when she turned pale, there was the mark, like a red stain upon snow. The birthmark 
 would come and go with .
1. What is the best order for (A), (B), and (C)?
 (C) — (B) — (A) (A) — (B) — (C) (A) — (C) — (B) (C) — (A) — (B)
2. Which one best fits in the blank?
 the changes of the weather the emotions in her heart
 the opinions of other people the colors of the objects around her
D Writing
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Write a short paragraph and support your position including the following.
 an introduction a body a conclusion
