﻿High  school
English Ⅱ English Ⅱ
2009 
※ : , , , 
Preface
“There is no better motivation for learning a language than a burning
desire to express an opinion in that language or on a subject that one
really cares about.” (Eskey, 1984)
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Contents
4 Contents
Contents 5
Lesson 1 012
Learning Smarter
Lesson 2 038
You Are a Blessing!
Lesson 3 064
Movie and Technology
Lesson 4 090
Language in Life
Lesson 5 116
A Life Worth Living
Lesson 6 142
Living with Nature
Lesson 7 168
Save the Earth
Lesson 8 194
Important Moments in Photos
Appendix 220
6 Scope and Sequence
- 
I’m planning to
exercise regularly.
- 
How can I learn
English more
effectively?
- 
I learn Chinese to
communicate with
my Chinese friends.
- 
I have difficulty
understanding when
people speak quickly.
- New Semester Plans
- Effective Learning
- Learning Foreign
Languages
- Good Communication
Lesson Topics Functions
You Are
a Blessing!
2
Grammar
- Your body will release adrenaline
and cortisol, which decreases your
capacity to learn.
- Words keep slipping away unless you
review them often.
- I would like to give you tips on how to
learn efficiently.
- I grew listening to my Chinese mother
whose English is incorrect.
- I couldn’t change people’s opinion
that my true abilities lay in math.
- There were times when my mother
had me call people for her.
- Feeling Good about
Myself
- Teen Problems
- 
It is important that
you accept yourself
as you are.
- 
I’m worried about
being bullied by
other students.
- Tara goes to Didi’s house, but she
doesn’t let her in.
- Dadu explains things in such a simple
way.
- Ma’s door was open, waiting for me.
- 
I think the lovely
characters make the
movie interesting.
- 
I understand your
point, but I don’t
agree with you.
- My Favorite Movies
- The Two Sides of
Technology
- A cat fights with villains showing off
his fencing skills.
- The actor wore a white suit, so that
he could be digitally inserted later.
- Whatever the future holds, viewers
will enjoy virtual characters.
Learning
Smarter
1
Movie and
Technology
3
Language in
Life
4
Scope and Sequence
Scope and Sequence 7
Listening Speaking Reading Writing
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- 
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- 
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- 
- 6 
- 
- 
- 
- The Secrets of
Efficient Learning
* Stress - a Land Mine for
the Brain
- Mother Tongue
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- (True Colors) 
- 
- 
- 
- Tara
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- (James Cameron)
- 
- 
- 
- Bringing Monsters
and Aliens to Life
* From Nothing to
Realistic Characters
- 
Scope and Sequence
- 
I want to be a singer
to inspire people
with my voice.
- 
What do you think
is important when
choosing a career?
- 
What are your
reasons for taking
photos?
- 
What do you think
about this photo?
- Future Careers
- Choosing a Career
- Taking Photos
- Enjoying Photos
Lesson Topics Functions
Living with
Nature
6
Grammar
- Devra finished editing a magazine
(which[that]) she had worked on.
- Devra regrets having put so much time
into her work.
- The experience changed the way
Stephen felt about his job.
- Bourke-White met Gandhi in India,
where she photographed him.
- It was Counts that arranged for the
two women to reunite.
- Without the photo, we might not
have known the history.
- Indoor Activities vs.
Outdoor Activities
- Different Lifestyles
- 
I prefer to spend my
free time outdoors.
- 
Compared to the city,
there’s a stronger
sense of community
in the country.
- Being nature smart is having naturalistic
intelligence.
- I would fill a jar with lightning bugs.
- Julia was not as attracted as her peers
by fancy new stuff.
- 
Make sure you don’t
put your computer in
direct sunlight.
- 
Waste has harmful
effects on the animals
living in the ocean.
- Using Electronic Devices
- Environmental Pollution
- Poisonous chemicals can leak into
the soil if not treated properly.
- Customers can get their devices
repaired.
- While smashing devices, the workers
are exposed to highly toxic substances.
A Life Worth
Living
5
Save the
Earth
7
Important
Moments
in Photos
8
8 Scope and Sequence
Listening Speaking Reading Writing
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
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- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- The Meaning of Labor
* Great Motivations at
Work
- Historic Snapshots
* What Is a Pulitzer Prize?
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 6 , 
- Nature Smart
* The Simple Life of Tasha
Tudor
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- For a World without
E-waste
* The World’s Largest
Dump
- 
Scope and Sequence 9
Introduction
 , 
 .
Reader's Review
Lesson Goals , (Topic) , ,
 . 
 .
 2 (Topic) 
 .
Listen In &
Speak Out
 ,
, , , , 
 .
Real-life Listening
 , 
 .
Speaking Zone
 ,
 .
Ready to Read
Reading , .
10 Introduction
Focus on Form .
 .
Ready to Write
 .
Writing
Workshop
 , , , 
 .
Do It Yourself
 , 
, .
Project
 , 
 .
Culture
Learning Diary .
Introduction 11
Learning Smarter
1Less on
Big Question How can we learn better?
Lesson Goals
Listening & Speaking
Topic 1 New Semester Plans
 I’m planning to exercise regularly.
Topic 2 Effective Learning
 How can I learn English more
effectively?
Reading
The Secrets of Efficient Learning
 , 
 .
Writing
 .
Language Structures
 Your body will release adrenaline and cortisol,
which decreases your capacity to learn.
 Words keep slipping away unless you review
them often.
 I would like to give you tips on how to learn
efficiently.
Think-pair-share
Do you have any plans for the new semester? Share your answer with
your partner.
Listen In & Speak Out
 I’m planning to exercise regularly.
TOPIC 1. New Semester Plans
View and Match
Look at the pictures and match each one to the phrase that best describes it.
A
1st Listen to the conversation. What is the boy’s plan for the new semester?
a. sleeping less b. reading more books
c. leading a regular life d. spending more time with friends
2nd Listen again. What is the girl’s advice to the boy?
a. Give yourself rewards. b. Plan your day beforehand.
c. Stick to your current lifestyle. d. Tell people about your plans.
B Listen and Check
a. leading a regular life b. staying fit and healthy
c. eating a balanced diet d. improving grades in school
e. learning something interesting
1 4
3
2 5
14 Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter
Name: Garam
 staying fit and healthy
- I’m planning to 1) regularly.
- I’ve decided to eat a more balanced 2) .
Name: Jina
 learning something interesting
- I’m planning to learn to play a 3) .
Speaking
Strategy
Restating the Main Argument
By restating the main argument, you and the other participants of the
conversation can make sure that everyone understood the topic well. When
you restate something, you can start by saying: “So you mean ….” “So you’re
saying ….”
 eating breakfast every day
 spending less time watching TV
New Semester Plans
What are your plans for
the new semester?
2. Talk with your partner about your plans for the new semester.
I’m planning to exercise
regularly.
Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks.
C
Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter 15
Think-pair-share What are some ways to learn more effectively? Share your answer with
your partner.
A View and Think
Look at the pictures and think about the different ways of learning.
B Listen and Check
1st Listen to the conversation. What did the boy do on his last vacation?
a. He studied math and physics.
b. He helped his friends study math.
c. He participated in a physics contest.
d. He became a member of a study group.
2nd Listen again. What can they do in a study group?
a. taking a quiz b. presenting a topic
c. having a debate d. teaching each other
Listen In & Speak Out
 How can I learn English more effectively?
TOPIC 2. Effective Learning
finding information
from many sources
testing yourself
to boost learning
reviewing what
you’ve learned
teaching others
wh at you know
reading extensively
16 Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter
Academic Consulting Record
 Name: Inju Chang Grade: Junior Subject Discussed: Learning English
Student’s Problems
- It’s hard for her to 1) whole
sentences even though she knows the
meaning of each word.
- Just 3) new words is very
boring.
Counselor’s Comments
- 2) the grammar to have
a good foundation of the basics.
- Reading 4) can help you
catch the meanings of new words in
different contexts.
C Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks.
-Name:
-Subject:
-Problem:
-Solution:
How can I learn English
more effectively?
Review what you’ve
learned before.
2. Pretend you are an academic advisor. Give some advice to your partner on how
to learn effectively.
Listening
Strategy
Asking for Additional Explanations
When you don’t fully understand what the speaker is talking about, politely ask for
an additional explanation. You may ask for more information by using expressions
like, “Could you tell me what you meant by …?” or “Could you explain more about
…?”
Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter 17
1. Listen to the lecture. What is it mainly about?
a. how senses affect memory
b. how the five senses are connected
c. how using the senses prevents learning
d. how different learners use different senses
3. Think about different ways we can learn things through our senses.
Real-life Listening
Lecture: Using Senses in Learning
2. Listen again. Match each picture with the action related to it.
a. touching b. seeing c. listening d. moving e. smelling
1 2 3
18 Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter
Good Habits for Better Learning
Step 1 Look at the pictures and guess what is happening.
Step 3 Present your story to the group.
Speaking Zone
Describe each picture using the expressions in the box. Then make a story
about the pictures.
Step 2
skip breakfast fall asleep during the test wake up late
stay up late at night get a poor grade concentrate on the test
On the day before the test, Byeongho
Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter 19
Driving in the fog
is dangerous and
complicated.
I can hardly perceive
the cars in front of me.
The skier has made
great progress since
last season.
He has focused his
attention on improving
his skills.
Exercising every day
can eliminate stress.
It helps to boost your
spirits.
2. Make a sentence by choosing the appropriate expressions to describe the picture.
Vocabulary for Reading
1. Find out the meanings of the words in bold from the context.
A
everyday pressures and
Storing
Handling
organizing
getting rid of
stress are important for learning.
Ready to Read
20 Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter
Topic Preview
1. Think about how to study effectively. Then watch the video and compare it with
your ideas.
B
2. Read the sentences and check [ ] the ones that you think are true.
Reducing stress boosts learning.
Emotion has an impact on learning.
Exercise has nothing to do with learning.
The condition of one’s body affects learning.
People can learn most easily under extreme tension.
People can remember things when they see them for the first time.
Most people can focus on their work better when they do several things together.
- choosing a quiet place where I can concentrate on studying
-
-
-
-
How to Study Effectively
Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter 21
The Secrets of
Efficient Learning
Hello, everyone. Nice to meet you. I’m Garen McGuire, an academic
advisor at the student counseling center. As the new semester starts,
you may have set goals to improve your academic performance. For
this reason, I would like to give you some helpful tips on how to
learn more efficiently. 5
Q1. What kinds of goals
have you set to
improve your academic
performance?
 efficient[] multitask[] academic advisor set a goal
Genre
Topic
Expository Writing
Learning
The Secrets of Efficient Learning
1. Relieve stress, exercise and get sleep to
make your body ready to learn.
2. Get an overall view and then narrow down
to the details.
3. Do one thing at a time; do not multitask.
4. Keep yourself motivated for learning.
22 Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter
Prepare Your Body for Learning
The condition of your body is influential in learning. There are
numerous factors that have an impact on your body such as stress,
exercise, and sleep. Chronic stress is one of the core elements that
hinder you from learning efficiently. So one important step in
preparing your body for learning is getting rid of stress. Unless you
react properly to everyday pressures, your body will release too much
*adrenaline and *cortisol, which decreases your capacity to learn.
The chemicals your body produces under stress can be
cut down or eliminated through exercise. So if you exercise on
a daily basis, you can learn more efficiently by reducing your stress
level. Furthermore, research shows that people who have
an active lifestyle have better attention spans, memories,
and motor skills.
It is also important to get enough sleep if you want
to boost your ability to learn. You may think you’re
wasting time when you sleep, but actually your brain is
busy processing, organizing, and storing the information
you’ve been trying to learn while you were awake.
So to prepare yourself to learn, you should first
be able to handle everyday pressures, and get enough
exercise and sleep.
*adrenaline ( )
*cortisol ( )
5
10
15
20
Q2. How does chronic stress
affect our bodies?
Q3. How can exercise help
us learn?
Sleep Exercise
No
Stress
 have an impact on chronic[] core[] element[]
 hinder[] get rid of pressure[] release[] capacity[]
 chemical[] eliminate[] on a daily basis furthermore[]
 attention[] span[] boost[] ※react: re + act
Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter 23
Narrow Down Details of an Overall View
When you look at a scene in front of you, you don’t initially see
it explicitly in every detail. You notice the overall visual image
and the sounds reaching your ears before you begin to recognize
any particular part of the scene. That’s the typical way your brain
works. First, it perceives the subject in the entire figure or pattern
all at once, and then it starts to sort out the details.
When you’re learning something new, it’s desirable to make
the best of the brain’s natural processing sequence. Look at the
big picture first, and then choose a smaller part to focus on. Once
you’ve learned that smaller part, you’ll have a better understanding
of the whole idea when you go back to the overall view. Then you
can pick out another detail to work on. By repeating this process,
something that seems overwhelmingly difficult can be broken
down into simpler tasks. In the end, you’ll
find that even complicated things you
thought you could never learn are actually
not so hard.
5
10
15
Q5. Think about some
examples of the brain’s
natural processing
sequence.
Q4. How does the brain
perceive a subject?
 initially[] explicitly[] visual[] recognize[]
 particular[] typical[] perceive[] entire[]
 figure[] desirable[] sequence[] overwhelmingly[]
 complicated[]
24 Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter
Focus on What You Learn
To make something you perceive part of your long-term memory,
you have to pay conscious attention to it. To keep your attention
focused, you have to avoid multitasking. If you listen to music,
send text messages or watch TV out of the corner of your eye
while you’re studying, you may lose your focus and lower your
learning efficiency. The brain works better when
your conscious attention is strictly focused on
one thing at a time. If you develop the habit of
quiet attentiveness when you study, you’ll find
that you learn more quickly, and therefore have
more time left to do the other things you want to
do.
Stay Motivated
Effective learning is closely related with your emotions. When
you feel excited about what you’re learning and happy about the
progress that you have made, you give a tremendous boost to your
ability to learn. So try to find what truly interests you and enjoy
the journey of learning. Another way to boost learning is to put
what you learned into action. For example, when you memorize
words in a foreign language, you may find that they keep slipping
away unless you review them often.
5
10
15
20
 long-term[] conscious[] attentiveness[] progress[]
 tremendous[] put ~ into action memorize[] slip away
※ lower: low + er
Q6. What do you need
to make something
part of your long-term
memory?
Q7. How do you usually
memorize words?
NO
Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter 25
On the other hand,
when you get a chance
to actually use a word
you’ve memorized, you’ll
find that it’s much easier
to recall the next time
you need it. When you study something, experiment with it and
find fun ways to learn it. You’ll realize that you can master it with
much less effort than you would if you just memorized it off the
page of a textbook.
To summarize, keep your body resistant to stress by getting
plenty of exercise and sleep. Learn by gathering a broad overview
of a subject before breaking it down into smaller tasks that you can
manage. Always be attentive by focusing on what you study. Stay
motivated by adding your actions and emotions into your learning.
You can learn more efficiently
by following these strategies,
and learning will actually
become fun. Now put together
all the strategies you have just
learned, and formulate your
own personalized study plan.
5
10
15
20
Q8. What is the benefit
of actually using
memorized words?
 recall[] experiment[] master[] resistant[]
 manage[] strategy[] formulate[] personalize[]
1s t : min. sec.
2nd: min. sec.
Timed Reading
26 Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter
Stress - a Land Mine
for the Brain
Supplementary Reading
Stress is more than just uncomfortable; it can be harmful to the mind and body, too. In
addition to general health problems, chronic stress causes problems with our memory,
problem-solving skills, and decision-making processes. Although a small amount
of stress can help us keep our attention levels high enough to complete tasks, large
amounts are dangerous, particularly when the stress accompanies feelings of fear and
anxiety, and result in jeopardizing the learning process.
Therefore, it’s important to make efforts to reduce the stress
level of students in a classroom setting. The stress that a student
feels causes his or her body to release a chemical called *TMT. This
chemical disrupts working memory, the desire to explore new ideas,
and creative problem-solving skills. Although students may work
“harder” under stress, the quality of their work diminishes. Not only
is students’ short-term memory (such as remembering the phone
number when it was heard for the first time) crippled, but their long-term memory,
retrieving information from past events, decreases.
To cut down or eliminate the stress that students feel in the classroom, something
as simple as breathing control and meditation can be quite effective. Sitting with their
backs straight and eyes closed, students should breathe in through the nose and hold it
for five seconds before breathing out through the mouth. In addition to this breathing
exercise, lightly massaging their own necks in small circular motions can help students
relieve stress. It’s also helpful to tense their muscles and then relax repeatedly. Last,
the technique of guided visualization, imagining details of a scenario that one finds
relaxing (like fishing or going on a hike), can allow students to come up with their
own visualizations. With a calm and peaceful mind, students can think about how they
would spend a “perfect day” full of good feelings. Through these efforts to cope with
stress, students’ performances in schools can be greatly improved.
*TMT: Trimethyltin . , , 
Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter 27
I’ll focus on one task and finish it
without worrying about other stuff.
I’ll use the newly learned English
words when I write to my e-pals.
I’ll look through the book first, and then
pick out some parts to read in detail.
conscious eliminate chronic
multitasking sleeping boost
Write a topic sentence and fill in the blanks to organize the main text. Change the
forms of the given words if needed.
A
B Read the study plans and write your own.
Topic
Sentence
Tips
1. Prepare Your Body for Learning
 1) stress hinders you from learning efficiently.
 Exercise 2) the chemicals produced under stress.
 The brain continues working on the information during
3) hours.
2. Narrow Down Details of an Overall View
 Look at the big pictures first, and then choose a smaller part.
3. Focus on What You Learn
 Avoid 4) to keep your attention focused.
 The brain works better when your 5) attention is
focused on one thing at a time.
4. Stay Motivated
 Give a(n) 6) to your learning by finding what truly
interests you and putting what you learned into action.
Your Own
Reader's Review
28 Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter
I believe multitasking is useful
because
.
I don’t think multitasking is useful
because
.
C Look at the learning pyramid and think about the following questions.
D Read the paragraph and share your opinion about multitasking with your partner.
Some people say multitasking makes them feel more
productive. They believe they can divide their attention
easily and switch their mental focus freely. They also
think multitasking helps them learn how to deal with
interruptions in their daily lives. However, others argue
that it’s almost impossible to gain deep knowledge when
multitasking. They think it will cause people to end up
with nothing more than surface-level knowledge.
1. Why do you think there are different results for each learning method?
2. Which method do you most prefer to use in learning? And why? Share your answers with
your partner.
Source: National Training Laboratories, Bethel, Maine
Learning Pyramid
The learning pyramid suggests that different
learning methods bring different results. In
other words, people with more active learning
styles showed that they remember what they had
learned better for a longer time. For example,
students who only listened to a lecture or read
something remembered 5% or 10% of the
information respectively. On the other hand,
those who even taught others by themselves later
proved that they acquired the newly obtained
information to 90% of it.
5%
Lecture
10% Reading
20% Audio-visual
30% Demonstration
50% Discussion
75% Practice
90% Teaching Others
Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter 29
I don’t know how to love him.
What to do, how to move him.
I’ve been changed, yes really changed.
In these past few days, when I’ve seen myself,
I seem like someone else.
I don’t know how to take this.
I don’t see why he moves me.
He’s a man, he’s just a man.
Sarah Brightman, “I Don’t Know How to Love Him”
Grammar Points in Use
Read and Notice Notice the grammar points of the structures in bold.
A
Check Choose the grammatically correct word or phrase to complete each
sentence.
1. The research was conducted in Seoul and Busan, which ( demonstrate / demonstrates ) the
life in big cities.
2. You’ll miss the bus unless you ( walk / don’t walk ) more quickly.
Find More Examples Find the sentences in the main text with the same structures
and usages as above.
Practice Write sentences using the same grammatical structure as above.
I don’t know what to .
I want to learn how to .
Discovering Grammar
Read and Notice Notice the structures in bold.
B
Find More Examples Find the sentence in the main text with the same structure
and usage as above.
 Sam suggested holding a bazaar, which was a great idea.
Ron enjoys pizza and burgers, which makes him gain weight.
 Unless we hurry, we will miss the meeting.
Unless you keep your promises, no one will trust you.
Focus on Form
30 Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter
stress
cause
relieve
undergo
cope with
set
score
pursue
achieve
a goal
1. I made this cake. I wanted to surprise my mother.
→
2. Emily went to the airport. She wanted to see her friend off.
→
3. Matt devotes himself to studying. He wants to pass the university entrance exam.
→
4. I woke up early to .
A Word Building
Read the sentences focusing on the phrases in bold. Then write your own sentences
using the phrases above.
1. Joy scored a goal and led the team to victory.
2. Pursuing a goal raises your spirit and enthusiasm.
3. All work and no play causes stress and makes Jack a dull boy.
4. You can relieve your stress by wandering in the forest.
Your Own
1.
2.
Sentence Building
Combine the given sentences as in the example. Then complete the sentence with
your own words.
B
Example
Rob started exercising. He wanted to become healthy.
→ Rob started exercising to become healthy.
Ready to Write
Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter 31
Generate Ideas
Think about your goals for the new semester.
A
Organize Ideas
Make an outline to write about your goals for the new semester.
B
 Writing a Resolution
Writing Workshop
Goal
Motivation
Plan 1 Expected Result
Plan 2
Specific
Measurable
Time - bound
Attainable
Relevant
GOAL SETTING
S
R
M
A
T
What is your
goal for the new
semester?
What results
do you expect
at the end of
t h e semester?
What motivates
you to achieve
your goal?
What can you do
to achieve your
goals?
32 Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter
Motivation
Goal
Plan 1
Plan 2
Expected
Result
My goal for the new semester is
Analyze Model Writing
Read a student’s paragraph about his / her goal for the new semester.
C
Write Your Own
Write your own paragraph.
D
My goal for the new semester is to get in shape. I noticed that
my weak body was disturbing my concentration on studying so
I decided to become healthier to learn better. I made two plans to
achieve my goal. First, I will get up 20 minutes earlier than usual
and have breakfast. My teacher said we have to eat in the morning
to concentrate in class and I made up my mind to take his advice.
Second, I will meditate every morning. I think it will help me release
stress and feel more relaxed. I believe good nutrition and proper
exercise will help me stay fit and perform better at school.
Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter 33
Listening Listen to the speaker and check [ ] the things that he mentions for his
new semester plans.
A
Do It Yourself
a. exercising regularly
c. avoiding wasting time
e. getting along with friends
g. eating breakfast
b. keeping a diary every day
d. saving money
f. improving grades at school
h. learning something exciting
Speaking Complete the conversation with the sentences in the box. Then act it out
with your partner.
B
a. I saw a poster of it on the school board.
b. I’m studying math. I have a quiz tomorrow.
c. Can you give me some advice on how to study math effectively?
d. If you keep practicing, you will master it sooner or later.
A: Hey, Amy. What are you doing?
B:
A: I see. Is it going well?
B: Actually, it’s kind of hard. I keep forgetting the formula I learned in class.
A: Well, there’s a saying, “Practice makes perfect.”
B: Yeah, but I want to improve my grade so much this semester.
A: How about joining a study club?
B: That’s a good idea. Thanks for letting me know.
34 Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter
C Reading Read the paragraph and answer the following questions.
When you’re learning something new, it’s desirable to make the best of the brain’s
natural processing sequence. Look at the big picture first, and then choose a smaller part
to focus on. Once you’ve learned that smaller part, you’ll have a better understanding of the
whole idea when you go back to the overall view. Then you can pick out another detail
to work on. By repeating this process, something that seems overwhelmingly difficult can
be broken down into simpler tasks. In the end, you’ll find that even complicated things you
thought you could never learn is actually not so hard.
1. Choose the one that is NOT grammatically correct among ~ and correct it.
→
2. What does “this process” mean in the paragraph?
After reading the main text, I realized that the brain plays an important role in learning.
It’s very important to reduce stress to boost brain power. In addition to that, I made two plans
to make my brain function best. First, I’ll
.
Second,
. I’ll try hard to achieve my goal by sticking to the plan.
Writing Check [ ] the things that you do to improve your learning. Then complete
the paragraph about it.
D
 exercising regularly eating healthy foods
 meditating in a quiet place reviewing what I learned
 listening to the classical music Other
Ways to Improve Your Learning
Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter 35
Class Principles for
Effective Learning
Step 2 Put your group’s ideas together on a piece of paper.
Present each group’s ideas and choose the best five. Then make Class Principles.
.
Step 3
Step 1 Make a small group. Think about ways to help your class learn more effectively.
Project
Class Principles
For effective learning, our class will …
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Effective
Learning
36 Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter
Help with Studying
in American Schools
Culture
Mentoring Program
Mentoring programs can help students by providing them
with valuable assistance and support. Mentors and students
meet regularly to talk about any issues that the students may
be experiencing. Mentors also see the students’ parents and tell
them about the students’ progress toward their goals, and how best they can encourage the
students to make wise choices. In order for mentoring to work, both mentors and students must
communicate effectively and openly.
Writing Center
Students can get help with writing assignments from a writing
center. Tutors teach students grammar, styles, how to develop
main ideas, and proper ways to cite references. Writing centers
have regular hours when students can come and obtain help from
their tutors. Some schools also have programs that allow students to contact a writing center
tutor via email or through a conference online.
Academic Advising
Academic advisors work to guide students through their school
years. They help students choose courses, prepare a study plan,
and organize trips to study abroad. They also support students to
choose majors or find work according to their interests. Students
can consult with their advisors to make sure they are working well towards their goals. Many
schools require students to see their advisors regularly.
Search the Internet for more information about programs to help with studying in foreign
schools. Share what you find with your class.
Search
Lesson 1 l Learning Smarter 37
You Are a Blessing!
2Lesson
Big Question What do you like most about yourself?
Lesson Goals
Listening & Speaking
Topic 1 Feeling Good about Myself
 It is important that you accept yourself
as you are.
Topic 2 Teen Problems
 I’m worried about being bullied by
other students.
Reading
Tara
 , .
Writing
 .
Language Structures
 Tara goes to Didi’s house, but she doesn’t let
her in.
 Dadu explains things in such a simple way.
 Ma’s door was open, waiting for me.
Listen In & Speak Out
View and Match
Look at the pictures and match each one to the phrase that best describes it.
A
Think-pair-share
When do you feel good about yourself? Share your answer with your
partner.
a. doing something good for society b. achieving an important goal
c. hearing positive words from others d. building good relationships with friends
B Listen and Check
1st Listen to the conversation. Why does the girl feel proud of herself?
a. Because she won the singing contest.
b. Because she achieved what she wanted.
c. Because she was praised by her parents.
d. Because she heard positive words from others.
2nd Listen again. What does the girl advise the boy to do?
a. to accept his failures
b. to try to learn from his failures
c. to do what others expect him to do
d. to think about things that he is good at
1
3
2
4
40 Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing!
 It is important that you accept yourself as you are.
TOPIC 1. Feeling Good about Myself
Do something good for society.
Recall the good things people say about you.
Accept yourself as you are.
Do what other people expect you to do.
Build good relationships with others.
Achieve an important goal in life.
Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the speaker and check [ ] the things that are mentioned as ways to
improve self-esteem.
C
2. Think about the ways to improve self-esteem and give advice to your partner.
 Remember what you have achieved.
 Praise yourself when you do something good.
 Think about the things you like about yourself.
listening
Strategy
Paying Attention to Signal Words
You may hear many signal words, especially when you are listening to
lectures, instructions, and so on. By noticing these words, you can organize and
understand the information that you’re receiving better. Common signal words
include: first, second, next, another, then, and finally.
Ways to Improve Self-esteem
How can I improve
my self-esteem?
It is important that
you accept yourself
as you are.
Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing! 41
Listen In & Speak Out
A View and Think
Look at the pictures and think about the problems teenagers have.
B Listen and Check
1st Listen to the conversation. What is the boy’s problem?
a. getting low grades
b. arguing with his parents
c. being bullied by other students
d. having a complex about appearance
2nd Listen again. What is the girl’s advice to the boy?
a. Ignore your problem.
b. Keep the secret to yourself.
c. Get help from your close friends.
d. Share your feelings with your parents.
Think-pair-share
What do you think is the most difficult problem for a teenager? And why?
Share your answers with your partner.
 I’m worried about being bullied by other students.
TOPIC 2. Teen Problems
school pressure
conflicts with
parents
physical
appearance
career
decisions
relationships with
friend s
42 Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing!
C Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the speaker and list the five skills to deal with bullying.
F: about it.
L: the place.
O: express yourself.
A: strong words.
T: somebody you trust.
How to Cope with Bullying
www.adviceforteens.net
Relationships School Health Life Body
Got a Problem? We Can Help!
Q I’m worried about the relationships with my friends. What should I do?
A
Q I’m worried about . What should I do?
A
2. Read a student’s problem and give him / her advice. Then think about a problem
that you are worried about. Share it with your partner and ask for advice.
Speaking
Strategy
Giving Suggestions
When you give someone a suggestion, you can adjust how strong it sounds by
using different vocabulary.
“You could see him.” < “You should see him.” < “You must see him.”
I’m worried about being bullied
by other students.
Tell somebody you trust
about your problem.
Your Own
Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing! 43
3. Think about the songs that cheer you up and share your answer with your partner.
Pop Song: “True Colors”
2. Watch the video again. Write your favorite part of the song lyrics.
1. Watch the video. Fill in the blanks to complete the lyrics.
You with the sad eyes
Don’t be 1)
Oh, I realize
It’s hard to 2)
In a world full of people
You can lose sight of it all
So don’t 5) to
let them show
Your true colors
True colors are beautiful
6)
Glee Cast, “True Colors”
And the darkness still inside you
Can make you 3)
But I see your true colors
4)
I see your true colors
And that’s why I love you
Real-life Listening
44 Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing!
Cope with Teen Stress
Step 1 Look at the chart of the common causes of teen stress.
Think about the biggest cause of your stress and how you cope with it. Share
your answers with your partner.
Step 3
Step 2 Describe the chart by filling in the blanks.
Common Causes of Teen Stress
Surveyed in Namu High School
Relationships with friends
Relationships with parents
Getting into a good college
Relationships with siblings
Worrying about appearance
This chart shows common causes of teen stress according to Namu High School
students. Among the causes of stress, 1) are the biggest issues. From
the total, 2) % of the students chose relationships as their main cause
of stress. Relationships with friends took 35% of the response. It was followed by
relationships with 3) and relationships with 4) , with 22%
and 13% respectively. On the other hand, 5) % of the students were
stressed out about getting into a good college, and 10% of the students worried
about their 6) .
35%
10%
13%
20%
22%
Speaking Zone
Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing! 45
2. Make a sentence by choosing the appropriate words to describe the picture.
I was so
furious
relaxed
that I
melted
smashed
the pot to pieces.
Vocabulary for Reading
1. Find out the meanings of the words from the context.
A
A flock of sheep blocked
the road.
The man burst with
rage when another car
crashed into his.
There is a crack in the
brick wall.
You should grab the
rope and hold it tight.
The goalkeeper felt
a sense of guilt for
missing the ball.
block wrestle rage
crack guilt grab
The couple is wrestling
with a broken umbrella
in the strong wind.
Ready to Read
46 Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing!
Topic Preview
1. Answer the questions about India. You can use the Internet to search for information.
B
1) What is the capital city of India?
2) What is a traditional Indian food?
3) What is the population of India?
4) What is the major religion in India?
5) What is the major language in India?
All about India India search
2. Watch the video about the Hindu Caste System in India and answer the following
questions.
1) Why do you think they are called “untouchables”?
2) Guess how “untouchables” are treated in Indian society.
The Hindu Caste System divides
people into four categories: Brahmins,
Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
Some people are even excluded from all
other castes and treated as untouchables.
Untouchables
Shudras
Vaishyas
Kshatriyas
Brahmins
God
priests, academics
warriors, kings
merchants, landowners
commoners, peasants, servants
outcast, street sweepers, latrine cleaners
The Hindu Caste System in India
Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing! 47
Tara
Didi opened the door. “Not today!”
“Why not?” I asked. I ignored her and ran inside.
Didi frowned and the *bindi fell off her forehead. She
slapped it back on and said, “Ma is visiting.”
Didi blocked the doorway. “You can’t go in there, or
the prayer room. Ma does not allow it.”
I was disappointed because I had wanted to meet Ma.
“Why doesn’t she allow it?”
*bindi ( )
This story is about a 12-year-old girl, Tara. She lives in
Kolkata, the eastern part of India. Tara belongs to the lower class
and works as a servant for a woman named Didi, doing daily
chores in her house. One day, Tara goes to Didi’s house to clean, but
Didi doesn’t let her in.
10
Q1. How do you think T ara 5
might have felt when
Didi didn’t let her in?
 belong to class[] servant[] chore[] ignore[]
 frown[] slap[] block[] doorway[] prayer[]
※ forehead: fore + head
Genre
Topic
Novel
Self-identity
48 Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing!
“Because you’re an *untouchable,” shouted Biren, Didi’s
nine-year-old son. “I cannot even look at you. That would be
touching you with my eyes.” He covered his face, but it wasn’t
enough to hide his cruel smile. “That means you’re dirty,” he
finished, in case I hadn’t understood.
But I hadn’t. I cleaned floors and washed dishes all day.
I cleaned everything; how could I be dirty?
My face felt warm. I had heard ugly words before,
but they were never said to my face.
I wasn’t stupid. I knew I wasn’t a Brahmin. They
perform holy rituals in the temple, but I’m not
allowed to. So what?
I ran quickly out of the house.
“Tara! Wait!” called Didi, but I was gone to
a dark and lonely place in my head.
*untouchable 
5
10
15
 cruel[] in case holy[] ritual[] temple[]
Q2. Why do you think
Tara wasn’t allowed to
perform holy rituals in
the temple?
Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing! 49
That afternoon I arrived early at my grandfather’s house. I call
him Dadu. He is a wise man; he explains things in such a simple
way that even Biren would understand them. He makes pots.
When I got there, he was sitting at his wheel, shaping clay with
his fingers.
I help him load the *kiln with the pots every afternoon — large
ones at the bottom and delicate pieces at the top. I usually have the
steady hand needed to make pots, but that steady hand was missing
that day. I broke several pots by mistake. Dadu quietly walked over
to the wheel and picked up some clay.
“Are you going to make another pot, Dadu?” I asked.
“You are, Tara,” said Dadu. “Let’s see you spin.”
I sat down and began to spin the wheel.
My mind was spinning, too.
I took the clay from Dadu and threw
it onto the wheel, pushing it to the center.
The wheel spun faster. My elbows flapped
like chicken wings as I wrestled with the
clay.
*kiln ( ) 
5
10
15
 pot[] clay[] load[ delicate[] missing[] spin[]
 flap[] wrestle[]
Q3. Why did Tara break
several pots?
50 Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing!
Dadu placed his hands over mine. “You must control it, Tara,”
he said. Soon, I worked my thumb into the middle to create
a mouth, shaping the sides up in a curve. At last, I set my finished
pot on a tray to rest.
Dadu asked if I felt better. Not much. I had thrown my rage
on the wheel with the clay, but there was still plenty left inside of
me. I told Dadu what happened in Didi’s house, and then asked,
“Dadu, we are poor, but does that mean we are dirty?”
Dadu smiled gently. “We are all made from the same clay. Like
these pots, some of us are fat or thin, some of us have cracks in our
sides, and some of us are only beautiful for show. The best pots
are those that are used every day to keep water cool.”
Dadu’s words were nice to hear, but I still felt hurt. When
my pot was burnt, it looked dark with anger. I was so furious
that I smashed it to pieces on the riverbank.
5
10
15
 curve[] rage[e] gently[] crack[] for show
 anger[] furious[] smash[] riverbank[]
Q4. Why do you think Dadu
compared people to
pots?
Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing! 51
The next morning, I walked slowly toward Didi’s house as rain
beat my umbrella. Didi opened the door and sucked me in like
a whirlpool. Her hair was in a mess, and her eyes were wild. “Thank
goodness you’re here, Tara. I think Ma’s had a stroke. I have to go
get Dr. Ghoshal from his clinic. Watch her, please, OK?”
I could only nod as she ran out. Like a stroke, a lightning bolt
of guilt hit me, too. I had poured my feelings into the pot and
broken it by the river. Perhaps I was a witch with smoke curling
from my fingertips. Had I caused Ma to have the stroke?
Just then, I heard a moan from the room, so I tiptoed to the
door. The woman on the bed was neither fat nor thin. Neither did
she have cracks on her sides, nor was she beautiful. She was just
a very old woman.
5
10
Q6. Why did Tara feel
guilty when she heard
that Ma had a stroke?
Q5. What did Didi ask Tara
to do?
 beat[] suck[] whirlpool[] in a mess stroke[]
 nod[] lightning bolt guilt[] witch[] curl[]
 moan[] tiptoe[] neither ~ nor … on one’s side
52 Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing!
5
10
15
 hardly[] believe one’s ears barely[] grab[] wrinkly[]
Q7. What did Ma ask Tara
to do?
Q8. Guess how Tara and
Ma might have felt
when they held each
other’s hands.
Then she opened her eyes and saw me. She weakly said
something about the prayer room.
“Okay. I’m not going in there,” I said. “Didi will be back soon.”
“Room … water … please.”
I could hardly believe my ears. “You want me to go into the
prayer room and get you the holy water?” She could barely nod but
I understood.
After I gave her some water, she grabbed my hand and would
not let go even after Didi returned with Dr. Ghoshal.
When it was time for Ma to go to the hospital, her wrinkly
fingers held mine as if they were joined in prayer. Did she know
who, or rather what, I was? Maybe her fear of dying was stronger
than that of touching me.
After they left, I went to the riverbank and found the broken
pieces of my pot. I put them in water until they returned to mud.
Then I made another pot out of the mud. I thought of music and
sunshine as I shaped it. I filled it with flowers and took it to the
hospital.
Ma’s door was open, waiting for me.
1s t : min. sec.
2nd: min. sec.
Timed Reading
Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing! 53
“We are all made from the same clay. Like these pots, some of us are fat or thin, some
of us have cracks in our sides, and some of us are only beautiful for show. The best pots
are those that are used every day to keep water cool.”
A Fill in the blanks with the words in the box to summarize the main text.
B Read what Dadu said to Tara again and choose the one that best shows Dadu’s view.
made a pot grabbed her hand went to Dadu
had a stroke told her ugly words smashed the pot
- Didi didn’t let Tara in
her house.
- Biren 1)
with a cruel smile.
- Tara felt hurt and
2) .
- Tara 3)
wrestling with the
clay.
- Ma asked Tara for
the holy water and
6) .
- Tara made a pot for
Ma and brought it to
the hospital.
- Tara 4)
to pieces with rage.
- Ma 5)
and Didi asked Tara
to watch Ma while
she went to get Dr.
Ghoshal.
a.
Everyone belongs to
different classes. That’s
why we should accept
being treated unfairly.
b. c.
Everyone was born
with different looks.
There’s nothing to do
to change the fact.
All people are born
equal. We should not
judge people by their
looks.
Reader's Review
54 Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing!
Pretend you are the characters from the story of the main text. Write possible
answers for each question.
C
Q: How did you feel when Biren said you were dirty?
A:
Q: Why did you think Tara was dirty?
A:
Q: Why did you grab Tara’s hand?
A:
Q: Why did you have Tara make a clay pot?
A:
Q: Why didn’t you let Tara in when she came to your house?
A:
Tara
Biren
Didi
Ma
Dadu
Guess what will happen after the story and write your own ending. Then share it
with your partner.
D
Example
Ma was lying on the bed. Didi and Biren were standing beside her. I couldn’t
go in because I thought they wouldn’t want me to be with them. I put the pot
down on the floor and was about to head for home. Then Didi gently told me
to come in to see Ma. Biren even pulled my hand! Once again, Ma grabbed my
hand with both her hands. I felt warm inside.
Your Own
Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing! 55
Grammar Points in Use
Read and Notice Notice the grammar points of the structures in bold.
A
 I’ll pick you up in front of the school at 4 p.m.
Please fill out this form and turn it in with a recent photo.
 The author had written such a beautiful story.
The job offer was such a good opportunity that I couldn’t miss it.
Check Choose the grammatically correct word or phrase to complete each
sentence.
1. Dan throws his clothes on the floor when he ( takes them off / takes off them ).
2. I clean the room in ( so / such ) a neat way that I can find my things easily.
Find More Examples Find the sentences in the main text with the same structures
and usages as above.
Practice Change the sentence using the same grammatical structure as above.
While I was running to school, I dropped all the stuff in my bag.
→
Find More Examples Find the sentences in the main text with the same structure
and usage as above.
Discovering Grammar
Read and Notice Notice the structures in bold.
B
Waking up in the morning, I remembered that it was a holiday, so I didn’t have to
go to school. I called my friend Sora to make plans. Talking on the phone, we decided
to go to the library. I met her near the subway station. We took the subway. When we
got to the station where the library was, the sky became dark with black clouds. “I
think it’s going to rain,” said Sora, opening her umbrella. And she was right; it began
to rain heavily. A few minutes later, we arrived at the library, dripping from the rain.
Sunday, June 9, 2013
Focus on Form
56 Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing!
Example
A Word Building
1. Homin is very creative. He always has brilliant ideas.
→ Homin is .
2. Subin is very shy. She usually listens more than she talks.
→ Subin is .
3. Nick is very confident. He feels sure about his own abilities.
→ Nick is .
4. I’m so that .
Sentence Building
Combine the given sentences as in the example. Then complete the sentence with
your own words.
B
I’m very careless. I usually act before I think.
→ I’m so careless that I usually act before I think.
Read the sentences focusing on the phrases in bold. Then write your own sentences
using the phrases above.
1. I need your honest opinion about the issue.
2. This survey shows the general opinion of the movie.
3. Thanks for paying attention to what I’ve been saying. I will gladly accept your advice.
4. Will you accept my apology for the trouble I caused?
Your Own
1.
2.
someone
an offer
one’s advice
one’s apology
accept
honest
general
similar
opposite
opinion
Ready to Write
Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing! 57
Generate Ideas
Think about your personality and answer the questions.
A
1. Choose words from above that your friends describe you with.
2. Choose words from above that you think best describe you. You can add your own.
 Writing a Compare and Contrast Paragraph
Organize Ideas
Compare and contrast what you think of yourself and what your friends think of you.
B
What I Think of Myself What My Friends Think of Me
confident
open-minded
patient
easy-going shy brave
responsible sensitive earnest
cheerful
Writing Workshop
58 Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing!
There are some similarities and differences between what I think of
myself and what my friends think of me.
. On the other hand,
some of my friends say
Topic Sentence
My Thoughts
about Them
How They
Are Different
Different
Opinion
Similar
Opinion
There are some similarities and differences between what I think
of myself and what my friends think of me. Many of my friends
say I’m so cheerful that I make new friends easily. That’s a similar
opinion to how I view myself. I enjoy meeting new people and having
conversations with them. On the other hand, some of my friends
say I’m a smart and creative person. Actually, I’ve never thought
I had those qualities. I have often complained about not getting better
grades on tests. I felt jealous of other students who got better grades
than me. I feel happy and thankful that my friends think of me as a
smart person. Maybe I should accept myself as I am and try to think
more positively about myself.
Analyze Model Writing
Read a student’s paragraph about oneself.
C
Write Your Own
Write your own paragraph about yourself.
D
Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing! 59
A Listening Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks.
Do It Yourself
Speaking Number the sentences in the correct order. Then act out the completed
conversation with your partner.
B
Today, I went to a daycare center to
do some 1) work. I visited
the center for the first time with my
classmates last year and met many kids
who need care from others. So I decided to
2) the kids as a volunteer.
Sometimes, volunteering on every Sunday is hard, but I feel very happy helping
others who need help. I also feel my 3) improving from doing the
volunteer work.
Hey, you look worried. What’s the matter?
I tried, but time flew by so fast. I can’t believe it is a week from now.
I think so. It’ll help you organize your work and manage time efficiently.
You’re right. I’ll accept your advice and do my best until then.
I see. How about making a study schedule from now on?
I’m worried about the mid-term test next week.
Really? Didn’t you prepare for it much?
A study schedule? Do you think it’ll work out?
April 12
60 Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing!
C Reading Read the paragraph and answer the following questions.
Dadu asked if I felt better. Not much. I had thrown my (A)( rage / calmness ) on the
wheel with the clay, but there was still plenty left inside of me. I told Dadu what happened
in Didi’s house, and then asked, “Dadu, we are poor, but does that mean we are dirty?”
Dadu smiled gently. “We are all made from the same clay. Like these pots, some of us
are fat or thin, some of us have cracks in our sides, and some of us are only beautiful for
show. The (B)( best / worst ) pots are those that are used every day to keep water cool.”
Dadu’s words were nice to hear, but I still felt hurt. When my pot was burnt, it looked
(C)( dark / bright ) with anger. I was so furious that I smashed it to pieces on the riverbank.
1. Choose the appropriate words for (A), (B), and (C).
(A) (B) (C)
2. What does “We are all made from the same clay.” mean in the paragraph?
Writing Think about similarities and differences between your personality and
your friend’s. Then write a paragraph about it.
D
There are some similarities and differences between me and my friend, .
.
On the other hand,
Your Friend
You
Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing! 61
Act Out a Story!
Present your group’s script to the class by acting it out. Then choose the best
role-play.
Step 3
Make a small group. Talk about the following stories and choose one that you
want to act out.
Step 1
Step 2 Choose a scene from the story. Decide characters for each group member and
write a script of the scene.
Scene:
Characters:
Script:
Project
62 Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing!
Welcome to India!
Bollywood in India
Bollywood is the Indian
film industry based in
Mumbai. The term Bollywood
is formed from Bombay (the
city now called Mumbai)
and Hollywood. When
combined with other Indian
film industries, Bollywood is
considered to be the largest in
the world. Music and dance
are key parts of a Bollywood
film. The standard Bollywood
movie is expected to have
music and dance scenes, along
with a story.
Dance in India
Indian dance is an old
tradition in India. Using the
body to communicate, Indian
dance has developed as an art
form. Classical dance in India
is thousands of years old.
Each kind of dance has their
own religious backgrounds.
However, what they all have
in common is that they use
every part of the body. The
eyes, hands, legs, feet, and face
come together in the dance
and music, which set a mood
and tell a story.
Religions in India
Religion is an important
part of Indian traditions.
For most Indians, everyday
affairs, education, and politics
are filled with religion.
India is home to Hinduism,
Buddhism, and many other
religious traditions. Among
them, Hinduism is the biggest,
practiced by over 80% of the
population. Muslims are the
second biggest religious group.
In fact, second to Indonesia,
India has the largest population
of Muslims in the world.
Search the Internet for more information about Indian culture. Share what you find with
your class.
Search
Culture
Lesson 2 l You Are a Blessing! 63
Movie and Technology
3Lesson
Big Question How has the development of technology influenced movies?
Lesson Goals
Listening & Speaking
Topic 1 My Favorite Movies
 I think the lovely characters make
the movie interesting.
Topic 2 The Two Sides of Technology
 I understand your point, but I don’t
agree with you.
Reading
Bringing Monsters and Aliens to Life
 , 
.
Writing
 .
Language Structures
 The actors performing as the Na’vi wore
motion capture suits and their performances
were filmed in a warehouse.
 The actor wore a white suit, so that he could
be digitally inserted later.
 Whatever the future holds, viewers will enjoy
virtual characters.
Listen In & Speak Out
TOPIC 1. My Favorite Movies
A View and Match
Look at the movie posters and read the comments about them. Then match each
one to its genre.
1st Listen to the conversation. What is the girl going to do tonight?
a. to write a movie review b. to watch a movie at a film festival
c. to watch a film award ceremony d. to read an original novel of a movie
2nd Listen again. Which is true about the movie Hugo?
a. It will be published as a children’s novel.
b. It won an Academy Award for special effects.
c. It stars an unknown actor in the leading role.
d. It is only for people aged 19 and above.
B Listen and Check
“The technology
used in the movie
is breathtaking.”
“The story is touching
and impressive.”
“The acting of the
characters seems real.”
Think-pair-share
What was the last movie you saw? Share your comments about it with
your partner.
a. drama b. thriller c. science fiction d. animation e. romantic comedy
 I think the lovely characters make the movie interesting.
1 2 3
66 Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology
C Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks.
2. Think of your favorite movie and talk about it with your partner.
Speaking
Strategy
Adding Emphasis
You can place emphasis on the thing or idea that you are talking about like the
following: “What I like about her is her attitude.” “The thing I love about him
is the way he speaks.”
We would like to hear your opinion about the movie.
1. Overall, what would you say about the movie?
It was the most 1) movie of the year. Two thumbs up!
2. What makes the movie interesting?
The 2) are lovely and the 3) are fantastic.
3. Would you recommend the movie to your friends?
Yes. I’d gladly recommend this movie to my friends.
We appreciate you answering our inquiry.
Name: Sandra Kim
Home Preview Review FAQ Contact
Title
Genre
Comments
Rating ☆☆☆☆☆
What makes the movie appealing? I think the lovely characters make
the movie interesting.
Great Movies
http://www.greatmovies.com
Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology 67
View and Think
Look at the following and think about the advantages and disadvantages of the
modern technology.
A
Think-pair-share
What are the best and worst things of the modern technology? Share
your answer with your partner.
 I understand your point, but I don’t agree with you.
1st Listen to the conversation. What kind of behavior was the girl annoyed by?
a. b. c. d.
2nd Listen again. Which is NOT mentioned about cell phones?
a. They let us communicate efficiently.
b. They let us access information easily.
c. They are convenient to carry.
d. They are useful in case of an emergency.
B Listen and Check
 hiding one’s identity
 getting unwanted messages
 receiving quick responses
 communicating efficiently
 suffering from cyber
bullying
 accessing information easily
Listen In & Speak Out
TOPIC 2. The Two Sides of Technology
68 Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology
Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the debate and fill in the blanks.
C
Jim Walcott (head of the Youth Community)
– People can 1) their identity on the Internet.
– Some negative trends are observed such as 2) .
Yunmi Lee (IT expert)
– The Internet makes our lives faster, easier, and more
3) .
– People can 4) information easily through it.
the advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet
Debate Show
listening
Strategy
Noticing an Opposing Opening
You can observe that a speaker disagrees with someone when he / she begins a
statement by using expressions such as, “You have a point, but ... .” “I suppose
you’re right on some points, but ... .”
2. Think about the advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. Then share
your answer with your partner.
In my opinion, the Internet is
a very useful technology.
I understand your point,
but I don’t agree with you.
Advantages of Using the Internet
– easy access to information
–
–
–
– the danger of Internet addiction
–
–
–
Disadvantages of Using the Internet
Today’s Topic
Debaters
Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology 69
An Interview with James Cameron
1. Listen to the interview. Which CANNOT be appropriate for the blank?
a. 3-D blockbuster
b. cross-cultural love story
c. exciting fantasy
d. failure in the market
2. Listen again. Read the sentences and check [ ] T for true or F for false based on the
interview.
3. Imagine you are a movie director. What kind of movies would you like to make?
Avatar is a(n) .
T F
1. Avatar was filmed right after the scenario had been completed.
2. James Cameron excluded the actors’ performances in making Avatar.
3. James Cameron filmed Titanic before going on to make Avatar.
4. Avatar used more convenient and time-saving technology than Titanic.
Real-life Listening
70 Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology
Step 1 Look at the chart and describe it with the expressions in the box.
Collect the answers from each group. Then make a chart that shows the movie
genre preference of your class.
Step 3
Make a small group. Think about your favorite movie genre and share it with
your group.
Step 2
is ranked highest holds third place
the least popular the next most preferred
Movie Genre Preference
in Hojun’s Class
The chart shows what movie genres students like in Hojun’s class. According to
the chart, action 1) out of the five movie genres. 2)
movie genre is romantic comedy. Fantasy 3) , and animation
fourth place. Finally, thriller is 4) of all the movie genres listed.
students
(number)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
romantic
comedy
action animation fantasy thriller
What Is Your Favorite Movie Genre?
Speaking Zone
Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology 71
Vocabulary for Reading
1. Find out the meanings of the words from the context.
A
My brother likes to
play a virtual driving
game.
The big equipment
is used to dig in the
ground.
Advanced technology
makes our life more
convenient.
This picture captures
a quick movement.
advanced capture analyze
transform equipment virtual
I have to analyze the
charts to write a report.
The color of the leaves
is transformed into
red.
2. Make a sentence by choosing the appropriate expressions to describe the pictures.
Actors wear to make their characters
fancy costumes
special equipment
realistic.
attractive.
Ready to Read
72 Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology
Topic Preview
1. Watch the video and answer the following questions.
B
2. Look at the movie posters and find the words in the box that can describe each
one. You can add other words.
1) Why do you think the actors are wearing special equipment?
2) What are the benefits of the advanced film-making technology?
detailed acting
hand-drawing
special effects
dynamic action
special equipment
moving story
warm atmosphere
high cost
computer graphics
Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology 73
5
10
A monster with green skin walks slowly across the movie screen. It
turns and looks into the camera, raising its eyebrows and smiling.
Its expressions look very natural just like a human being’s. A cat
with a hat and in boots fights with villains showing off his splendid
fencing skills. His actions are so real, and people can see the fine
movements of his fur and muscles throughout the movie. His big,
lovely eyes arouse sympathy for him. They’re not
actors in masks. They’re the product of two
advanced movie technologies: motion
capture, which records body movements,
and facial capture, which records
facial expressions.
Q1. How can a monster
look very natural on
the screen?
 expression[] villain[] show off splendid[] fine[fain]
 arouse[] sympathy[] advanced[] motion capture
 facial capture
Genre
Topic
Expository Writing
Movie Technology
74 Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology
5
10
15
The Uses of Motion Capture
Body movements are easier to capture than facial expressions.
Animators simply film actors performing a motion and draw the
characters onto each individual frame of the movie. Another way is
more complicated, yet more efficient. Animators put tiny markers
all over the actors’ bodies, and record their movements using several
cameras.
Gollum, from The Lord of the Rings movie series, was the
product of an early use of this technique. The actor provided
Gollum’s voice and filmed scenes with other actors while wearing
a white suit, so that he could be digitally inserted later. Then he
wore a dark suit with reflective balls on it to perform Gollum’s
movements. The location of the balls corresponded with points on
Gollum’s body. The technique was very successful and the visual
effects team won an Oscar for their work.
Still, there was room for improvement. It was hard to control
Gollum’s face. The actor’s expressions were filmed to determine
which muscles in his face were used, but the animators could only
use this as a guide for animation.
Q2. What are the two ways
to capture the actors’
body movements?
Q3. How was Gollum made
in the movie?
 animator[] individual[] frame[] insert[]
 reflective[] correspond with visual effects improvement[]
Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology 75
 subtle[] completely[] animate[] attach[] shoot[]
 analyze[] technically[] sophisticated[] sense[]
 realistic[]
The Development of Facial Capture
Facial expressions are much more difficult to capture than body
movements because they are smaller and more subtle. The 2004
film The Polar Express was the first completely animated film to
use both motion and facial captures. Actor Tom
Hanks played six different roles in the film. 80
markers were attached to his body and 152 to his
face. 8 cameras recorded his body movements, and
56 cameras recorded his face.
After shooting, the visual effects team analyzed
the actor’s facial expressions. Then, they were
“retargeted” onto the face of the animated character.
The markers’ positions helped to determine the
positions of his facial muscles, and they were matched to the
character’s facial muscles. Although this system created technically
sophisticated results, they were not very realistic. One major
problem was that the actor’s eye movements could not be captured.
The director of The Polar Express, Robert Zemeckis, solved this
problem in his next animated film, Beowulf, in 2007. In addition
to the usual markers, *electrodes were attached to each actor’s
face in order to sense the muscles that control eye movement. As
a result, the eyes of the characters seemed more natural and
realistic.
*electrode 
5
10
15
20
Q4. What was the problem
with capturing facial
expressions filming
The Polar Express?
Q5. How could Robert
Zemeckis make the
eyes of the characters
seem more natural?
76 Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology
The Rise of Performance Capture
In 2009, James Cameron filmed the movie Avatar. Its plot centered
on the Na’vi, aliens living on a moon called Pandora. In the
story, the Na’vi and humans had to appear together on screen in
many scenes. Cameron wanted to direct the film while the actors
were moving around the set, just like in a live-action movie. This
generated a huge challenge for the visual effects team.
Stephen Rosenbaum, one of the visual effects supervisors, said,
“With Avatar, we transformed motion capture into performance
capture.” The actors performing as the Na’vi wore motion capture
suits and their performances were filmed in a warehouse. Then,
the actors wore special equipment which held a small camera in
front of their faces. 52 dots were marked on key muscles of each
actor’s face so that the camera could trace their movements and
capture their detailed facial expressions. The actors’ body and
facial movements could then be applied to their Na’vi characters,
giving them realistic looks and expressions.
5
10
15
Q6. What was a huge
challenge for the visual
effects team while
filming Avatar?
 plot[] center on live-action[] generate[]
 supervisor[] transform[] warehouse[]
 equipment[] trace[] detailed[]
※performance: perform + ance
Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology 77
Using the facial cameras saved time as the visual effects
team didn’t have to wait to adapt the movements to facial
expressions. Instead, they could see them together in a
live preview, which included the animated alien characters
and the computer generated scenery. The actors saw each
other running around the warehouse in motion capture
suits. Cameron, however, watched them moving around in
a virtual landscape.
The Future of the Film Industry
The sustained development of film-making technologies has
already brought some incredible films to movie theaters throughout
the world. However, it is hard to predict how the film industry
will be transformed by new technologies in the future. Some
experts speculate that they will create a new genre of film. Others
even wonder about the possibility of bringing dead actors back to
“life” on the screen. Whatever the future holds, it seems certain
that viewers will be able to appreciate the dynamic and detailed
movements of virtual characters thanks to the magic of movie
technology.
5
10
15
Q7. How do experts expect
the future of the film
industry?
1s t : min. sec.
2nd: min. sec.
Timed Reading
 scenery[] virtual[] sustain[] incredible[]
 predict[] industry[] possibility[] appreciate[]
※preview: pre + view
78 Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology
Supplementary Reading
From Nothing
to Realistic Characters
Animation is loved by people of all ages. It is fun to watch full-length animated movies,
but it is also interesting to know how they are made.
Once story ideas are chosen, the filmmakers write a text treatment. This is a short
summary of the main idea. It usually has some basic ideas, but can still be changed.
Next, the story artists draw storyboards of the scenes in
the script. Storyboards look like a comic book. They are full of
sketches, which are a guideline for the action and dialog. The text
treatments and storyboards are handed over to the art department,
where designers create the characters using their creativity. They
also design the background sets.
Once the characters are fixed, they are created in detail. They can be either drawn
by hand and scanned into a computer or sculpted in 3-D. After that, the characters’
bones and joints are controlled by a program to
move them naturally.
Then, the layout artists put the characters in
the set. They try to find the most effective layout to show the story and emotions of
the scene. The animators make the movements and facial expressions of the characters
match each other. Their goal is to make the characters look as lifelike as possible. After
the characters can move like living creatures, they need to get shaded. In this step,
their specific colors and textures are determined and applied delicately. Finally, natural
settings such as light and shadows are added, and voice actors record the scripts.
After all that work, some special effects are added as a final
touch, and a single perfect frame of film is produced.
Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology 79
Performance Capture
 Actors perform wearing a motion capture suit and
4) so that their body and facial
movements can be captured.
 The visual effects team can see the actors’
performance in a live preview in 5) . Avatar (2009)
Fill in the blanks with the words in the box to summarize the main text. Then write
a topic sentence with your own words.
A
eye movement a virtual landscape a facial camera
reflective balls facial expressions
Topic Sentence:
Motion and Facial Capture
 Many markers are attached to the actors’ body and
face to analyze the actors’ 2)
and match them to the characters’ facial muscles.
The Polar Express (2004)
 Electrodes are attached to the actors’ face to sense
Beowulf (2007) the muscles that control 3) .
Motion Capture
 The actors perform the characters’ movement by
wearing a dark suit with 1)
on it to match characters’ bodies on the screen.
The Lord of the Rings (2001)
Reader's Review
80 Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology
Motion Capture Technology search
Read the opinions about motion capture films and check [ ] the one you agree to.
Then share your opinion with your partner.
B
Many people these days want more and
more eye-catchers such as battles between
humans and beasts. Motion capture films
can satisfy their needs with realistic
characters.
The acting of realistic monsters
in motion capture films makes
me uncomfortable. The characters
drawn by hand are more friendly.
Think about how motion capture technology can be used in different fields. Search
the Internet and share what you find with your partner.
C
Sports
Entertainment
Scientific Research
Medical Purposes
Motion capture technology created virtual
characters with perfect movements and
facial expressions. Without this technology,
we would never have made Gollum.
Some film-making technologies
cost too much. I think low-budget
movies are just as good as
Hollywood movies.
Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology 81
Grammar Points in Use
Read and Notice Notice the grammar points of the structures in bold.
A
Check Choose the grammatically correct word or phrase to complete each
sentence.
1. The girl ( watched / watching ) TV ordered pizza.
2. Frank climbed the ladder, ( so / such ) that he could reach the roof.
Find More Examples Find the sentences in the main text with the same structures
and usages as above.
 The old man whistling walked down the path.
The baby sleeping on the sofa looks like an angel.
 I was excited, so that I couldn’t get to sleep.
I held the door open, so that the old lady could go through.
Find More Examples Find the sentence in the main text with the same structure
and usage as above.
Discovering Grammar
Read and Notice Notice the structures in bold.
B
Whatever you are, be a good one. - Abraham Lincoln
Whatever you have, you must either use or lose. - Henry Ford
Whatever you do will be insignificant, but it is very important that you do it.
- Mahatma Gandhi
Practice Complete the sentence using the same grammatical structure as ab ove.
Whatever .
Focus on Form
82 Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology
A Word Building
Read the sentences focusing on the phrases in bold. Then write your own sentences
using the phrases above.
1. The actor will play a lively character in his next movie.
2. Iron Man has become a popular character all over the world.
3. The first impression is important in a job interview.
4. Sarah’s smile makes a good impression on people.
Your Own
1.
2.
Sentence Building
Combine the given sentences as in the example.
B
1. I had met James only once. He remembered me.
→ Even though .
2. I want to buy the jacket. The price of it is expensive.
→ even though .
3. I’m leaving my hometown. I’ll never forget my friends and neighbors.
→
Example
The team lost in the finals. The players didn’t lose their spirits.
→ Even though the team lost in the finals, the players didn’t lose their spirits.
The manager spoke mean words to Julie. Julie didn’t get upset.
→ Julie didn’t get upset even though the manager spoke mean words to her.
character
lively
favorite
popular
attractive
impression
first
good
vivid
strong
Ready to Write
Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology 83
 Writing a Movie Review
Generate Ideas
Think about your favorite film and answer the questions.
A
Organize Ideas
Complete the following to write a movie review.
B
Doe s t he film use
important technology?
What is your
favorite scene of
the film?
Which character is
the most impressive
in the film?
What do you
like the most
about the film?
What is the title
of the film?
What is the plot of
the film?
Title:
Characters:
Plot:
Favorite Scene:
Overall Feelings:
Writing Workshop
84 Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology
Analyze Model Writing
Read a student’s movie review.
C
Write Your Own
Write your own review of your favorite movie.
D
Characters
Title
Plot
Overall
Feelings
Favorite
Scene
is one of my favorite movies.
Kung Fu Panda is one of my favorite movies. This animation
is about a lazy, fat, but attractive character named Po and five
warriors named the Furious Five. Po always dreams of being
a Kungfu master. He is accidentally chosen as the Dragon Warrior,
but nobody believes that he can be a Kungfu master. He trains hard
even though others don’t think it is possible. At the end of the movie,
Po defeats the evil, Tai Lung, and he is accepted as the Dragon
Warrior. The final battle between Po and Tai Lung is actually my
favorite scene. I laughed the whole time watching his funny face and
action. I also got a good impression about Kungfu through the movie.
To sum up, I highly recommend this movie, which, I bet, will amaze
everyone with its fantastic graphics and story.
Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology 85
Listening Listen to the conversation and choose the poster of the movie the
speakers are going to watch.
A
Do It Yourself
a. b. c. d.
Speaking Complete the conversation with the sentences in the box. Then act it out
with your partner.
B
A: I think social network service (SNS) is a very useful technology.
B: You have a point, but sometimes people don’t want to let other people
know their private information. Moreover, some people bother others
while hiding their identities.
A: But I don’t agree. In my opinion, people can get quick responses from
others and communicate efficiently on their websites.
B:
We have to be careful not to harm others’ feelings.
a. People can access information and news of other people easily.
b. For example, I saw many people who suffer from cyber bullying.
c. I agree that there are some clear benefits of SNS, but that’s not all.
86 Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology
C Reading Read the paragraph and answer the following questions.
( ) Gollum, from The Lord of the Rings movie series, was the product of an early use
of this technique. ( ) The actor provided Gollum’s voice and filmed scenes with other
actors while wearing a white suit, so that he could be digitally inserted later. ( ) Then
he wore a dark suit with reflective balls on it to perform Gollum’s movements. ( ) The
technique was very successful and the visual effects team won an Oscar for their work.
1. Choose the best place among ~ for the following sentence.
2. What does “their work” mean in the paragraph?
The location of the balls corresponded with points on Gollum’s body.
Writing Check or fill in the blanks and write about a movie you would like to
recommend.
D
I’d like to recommend . The genre of the movie is
. It also shows characters.
Even though there are some people who comment , I like this
movie because .
I had a(n) impression watching this movie, and I hope you
will do so!
 Title:
 Genre: drama fantasy romantic comedy
animation action
 Reasons for Recommendation:
The story is very enjoyable and touching.
The motion capture technology is breathtaking!
I Recommend This Movie!
Your Own
Your Own
Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology 87
Create a Video
Make a small group. Think of a topic that you want to make a video about and
make a plot for it.
Step 1
Step 3 Present your group’s video to the class. Then choose the best one.
Step 2 Decide the roles of each member and make your own video.
Things to Think about
 Where will we take the video?
 What is required for each role? Who is appropriate for each role?
 What kinds of extra work will be needed?
Topic Plot
The roles may include…
director
script writer
actors and actresses
staff
graphic designer
Project
88 Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology
Fantastic Fest
Fantastic Fest, which began in 2005, is one of the biggest film
festivals in the U.S.A. This 8-day festival takes place in September in
Austin, Texas. Writers, directors, actors, and actresses, both new and
experienced, come to the festival. The festival plays horror, science
fiction, fantasy, action, and international films. An interesting part
of Fantastic Fest is the use of “special screenings.” For these, the
audience does not know what the film will be. They enjoy the
excitement while waiting for the film to begin!
Seoul International Cartoon and Animation Festival
The Seoul International Cartoon and Animation Festival(SICAF) is
a yearly festival of cartoon-related art genres. It has been held in Seoul, South
Korea, since 1995. At the festival, people can enjoy art exhibitions and
other artistic events. Awards are given to films from different categories like
long animations, short animations, animated TV shows, and animations
found on the Internet. In most cases, people vote for the winners online.
San Diego Comic-Con International
San Diego Comic-Con International, often known as Comic-Con, is one
of the largest comic book conventions in the world. When the event first
started, it was just for comic books. Now it features a variety of attractions,
such as amusing card games, video games, fantasy books, and other pop
culture items. People who attend this event can buy and sell comic books,
and even get autographs from famous comic book writers, illustrators, and
producers. Some people dress in the costumes of their favorite heroes.
Fantastic Film Festivals
Search the Internet for other film festivals. Share what you find with your class.
Search
Culture
Lesson 3 l Movie and Technology 89
Language in Life
4Lesson
Big Question What would humans be like without language?
Lesson Goals
Listening & Speaking
Topic 1 Learning Foreign Languages
 I learn Chinese to communicate
with my Chinese friends.
Topic 2 Good Communication
 I have difficulty understanding
when people speak quickly.
Reading
Mother Tongue
 , .
Writing
 .
Language Structures
 I grew up listening to my Chinese mother
whose English is incorrect.
 I couldn’t change people’s opinion that my
true abilities lay in math.
 There were times when my mother had me
call people for her.
A View and Think
Look at the pictures and think about why people learn foreign languages.
B Listen and Check
1st Listen to the conversation. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
a. making films b. learning Japanese
c. understanding Japanese culture d. going on a trip to Japan
2nd Listen again. Which is NOT mentioned as a purpose for learning Japanese?
a. to interact with the local people
b. to have access to material in the language
c. to work for a global company
d. to understand the local culture
Think-pair-share
What foreign languages do you learn? And why? Share your answers
with your partner.
to work with people
around the world
to communicate with people
from other countries
to travel around
the world
to have access to materials
in foreign languages
to m a ke
inter nation al fri e nd s
Listen In & Speak Out
 I learn Chinese to communicate with my Chinese friends.
TOPIC 1. Learning Foreign Languages
92 Lesson 4 l Language in Life
C Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks.
2. Talk with your partner about your purposes for learning a foreign language.
Speaking
Strategy
Paraphrasing to Check Understanding
Paraphrasing shows that you have fully understood the information that you
received. When you paraphrase, you put information into your own words.
A: It usually takes about half an hour to get to my house.
B: So you can get to your house in about 30 minutes?
Home About Us Our Members Contact Us FAQ
http://www.learnchinese.com
Let’s Learn Chinese!
Online Registration
Name Junho Kim
Purpose for Learning Chinese
I learn Chinese to
2)
around the world.
Name Sara Johns
Purpose for Learning Chinese
I learn Chinese to
1)
my Chinese friends.
Why do you learn Chinese? I learn Chinese to communicate
with my Chinese friends.
Learning a Foreign Language
 Language:
 Purpose for Learning It:
Lesson 4 l Language in Life 93
View and Check
Look at the pictures and check [ ] the ones that are needed for good communications.
A
1st Listen to the conversation. What is the girl’s problem?
a. She can’t make a decision on her own.
b. She can’t understand what others say.
c. She doesn’t have time to talk with her boyfriend.
d. She can’t put her feelings into the right words.
2nd Listen again. What is the boy’s advice for the girl?
a. Ask your parents for help.
b. Don’t make a decision alone.
c. Pay attention to what others say.
d. Think twice before you say something.
B Listen and Check
reacting to the speaker
using polite expressions
choosing the right words
speaking at normal speed
clarifying the speaker’s meaning
listening to the speaker carefully
understanding each other’s culture
paying attention to non-verbal signals
Think-pair-share
What is most important for good communication? And why? Share your
answers with your partner.
Listen In & Speak Out
 I have difficulty understanding when people speak quickly.
TOPIC 2. Good Communication
94 Lesson 4 l Language in Life
Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the conversation and fill in Alex’s diary.
C
May 13
It has been two months since I arrived in Korea. Everything is nice, except
that it’s more complicated to 1) than I thought.
People here in Korea speak very quickly. I 2) when people
speak quickly. It’s hard to catch everything they say. I usually pretend that
I understand what they’re saying. Today, Eunji asked me how I’ve been doing,
and I talked to her about the problem. She gave me good advice. She told me to
ask people to slow down so that I can 3) of their
words. Maybe she has a point. I should do that to communicate with others
better.
2. Imagine you have a friend who has difficulty communicating with others and give
him / her some tips.
Listening
Strategy
Anticipating What Is about to Be Said
By listening carefully and trying to understand the situation that the speaker is
talking about, you can sometimes guess what he / she will say next. This can be
a way to show that you are paying attention to the conversation.
A: It was a great book, I just couldn’t ....
B: ... Put it down?
How about asking them to
speak at a slower speed?
I have difficulty understanding
when people speak quickly.
Tips for Good Communication
Pay attention to what the speaker says.
Lesson 4 l Language in Life 95
“peace and love” “money” “g o od luck”
3. Think of other types of body language used in Korea. Search the Internet about how
they are used differently in other countries. Share what you find with your partner.
Lecture: Body Language
1. Listen to the lecture. What is it mainly talking about?
a. different uses of body language
b. the varieties of American body language
c. miscommunication caused by body language
d. the similarity between American and Korean body language
2. Listen again. Which type of body language does NOT match to its correct meaning in
America?
a. b. c.
Real-life Listening
96 Lesson 4 l Language in Life
How Do You Learn English?
Step 1 Think about the questions and share your answers with your partner.
Make a small group. Find the common difficulties in learning English and
some solutions to deal with them.
Step 3
Step 2 Complete the paragraph based on above.
I started learning English when I was .
In studying English, it is most difficult for me to .
To overcome the difficulty, I .
My final goal in learning English is
.
Difficulties Solutions
1. When did you start learning English?
I started learning English when .
2. What is most difficult for you in learning English?
It is most difficult for me to .
3. What do you do to overcome the difficulty?
to overcome the difficulty.
4. What is your final goal in learning English?
My final goal is .
Speaking Zone
Lesson 4 l Language in Life 97
The woman’s job is to
5) English
into Korean.
She must choose the
6) word
that fits the speaker’s
meaning.
Parking within this area
is 3) to
physically challenged
people.
There is a(n) 4)
that this space will stay
empty for them.
2. Make a sentence by choosing the appropriate words to describe the picture.
The woman hesitated
pretended
not to understand my mother’s natural
imperfect
English.
Vocabulary for Reading
1. Fill in the blanks with the words in the box.
A
prove limited translate precise standard expectation
The company only sells
1) products
with the guaranteed
mark.
It wants to 2)
that it cares about its
customers.
Ready to Read
98 Lesson 4 l Language in Life
Your Own
Topic Preview
1. Read the sentences and check [ ] the ones you agree to.
B
2. Read the quotes and think about what language means. Then add your own.
Language is the light of the mind.
– John Stuart Mill
Using grammatically incorrect sentences makes communication difficult.
Non-native English speakers have difficulty expressing their thoughts in English.
There are different kinds of English around the world.
We can communicate in English even when we don’t know every word.
One’s mother tongue has nothing to do with learning English.
If we don’t speak English fluently, our thoughts sound imperfect.
We need to use standard forms of English to become global citizens.
Language is a process of free creation.
– Noam Chomsky
To have another language is to possess
a second soul.
– Charlemagne
The limits of my language mean the limits of
my world.
– Ludwig Wittgenstein
Lesson 4 l Language in Life 99
Mother Tongue
I am a writer and someone who has always loved language.
I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of
language — the way it can make us imagine an emotion, an image,
or an idea. Language is the tool of my trade.
Recently, I gave a talk to a large group of people at which my
mom was present. I realized that it was perhaps the first time she had
heard me giving a long speech filled with standard English. I had
learned it in school and through books, but I had never used it with
her. Talking with my mother, I sometimes find myself sounding like
her. For example, I might say, “Not waste money that way.” This is
the kind of English that I grew up with.
5
10
Q1. What does Amy think
about language?
Genre
Topic
Essay
Language
 mother tongue a great deal of trade[] recently[] present[]
 standard[]
Amy Tan was born into
a Chinese family in
America. She writes
mainly about the mother daughter
relationship and
experiences of Chinese
people who settle in
America.
Amy Tan (1952 –)
100 Lesson 4 l Language in Life
I grew up listening to my Chinese mother whose English is
grammatically incorrect. Some people say they don’t understand
my mother’s English and even describe it as “broken.” This makes
it sound as if it needs to be fixed. I’ve also heard other terms used
for her English, such as “limited” English. Actually, when I was
young, my mother’s “limited” English limited my view of her.
There were times when I was ashamed of her English. Because she
did not express her thoughts perfectly, I considered her thoughts
imperfect. I had plenty of evidence to support that idea. People in
stores did not give her good service, pretending not to understand
her or even acting as if they did not hear her.
5
10
Q2. How do people
describe the English
that Amy’s mother
uses?
 incorrect[] term[] limit[] be ashamed of imperfect[]
 evidence[]
Q3. How did people react
to Amy’s mother when
she spoke?
Lesson 4 l Language in Life 101
My mother knew the limitations of her English as well.
Therefore, she sometimes used my English to ask for information
or to complain to people who had been rude to her. There were
times when she had me call people on the phone for her. When
I was 15, she had me call her stockbroker and pretend to be her.
“This is Mrs. Tan,” I said. My mother was standing behind me
whispering, “Why he don’t send me check, already two weeks late.
So mad he lie to me, losing me money.” I translated her broken
sentences into perfect English and said calmly, “I’m getting rather
concerned. You had agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it
hasn’t arrived.” She also made me tell the stockbroker that if she did
not receive her check immediately, she would come in to complain
to his boss in person. And the following week, I was sitting there
red-faced and quiet while my mother, the real Mrs. Tan, was
shouting at his boss in her broken English.
5
10
15
Q4. Why did Amy’s mother
have her daughter call
people on the phone
and pretend to be her?
 limitation[] as well stockbroker[] whisper[]
 check[] translate[] rather[] immediately[] in person
102 Lesson 4 l Language in Life
Actually, my mother’s language played a large role in shaping
my language, and affected my performance on tests. While my
English skills were never judged as poor, compared to math,
English was not considered my strong point. I did well in
English, but not well enough to change people’s opinion
that my true abilities lay in math and science.
I can understand this. Math is precise: There
is only one correct answer. However, for me at
least, the answers on English tests were always
a matter of opinion and personal experience. For
example, there were fill-in-the-blank questions,
such as “Even though Tom was ,
Mary thought he was .” The
grammatical structure “even though” limited the
correct answer to something like “Even though
Tom was shy, Mary thought he was charming.”
According to my mother, however, there were
very few limitations, and many different words
could be the answers like, “Even though Tom
was foolish, Mary thought he was ridiculous.”
So I never did well on tests like that.
5
10
15
20
Q5. How does Amy feel
English tests are
different from math
tests?
 play a role in judge[] compared to opinion[] lie in
 precise[] at least even though charming[] ridiculous[]
Lesson 4 l Language in Life 103
I’ve often been asked, as a writer, why there are few outstanding
Asian Americans in American literature. What makes them hesitate
to sign up for creative writing programs? Why do so many Chinese
students choose engineering as their major in university? These are
difficult questions to answer. But recently, I have found in surveys
that Asian American students do a lot better on math tests than on
English. This makes me think that there are other Asian American
families whose English spoken at their home might be described as
“broken” or “limited.” Perhaps they have teachers who are pushing
them away from writing and into math or science as my teachers
did to me. Fortunately, I became a writer because I like to challenge
people’s expectations of me.
I have been thinking lately about my mother’s English. Some
of my friends tell me they understand 50 percent of what my
mother says. Some say they understand 80 to 90 percent. Some say
they understand none of it as if she were speaking Chinese. To me,
however, my mother’s English is perfectly clear and natural. It is my
mother tongue. It is the language that helped shape the way I saw
things, expressed things and made sense of the world as a writer.
For example, people might come up with “nightfall” or “dusk”
when they are asked to describe the word “sunset.” However, my
imaginative mother tongue allowed me to see a burst of colors
against a dark sky, the moon rising, and the lowering of a curtain
of stars whenever I heard the word.
5
10
15
20
Q6. Why are Asian
American students
pushed away from
writing and into math
and science?
Q7. How does Amy feel
about her mother’s
language?
 hesitate[] engineering[] push ~ away expectation[]
 make sense of come up with nightfall[] dusk[] burst[]
※imaginative: imagin(e) + ative
104 Lesson 4 l Language in Life
When I first started writing fiction, I used wittily crafted
sentences that would finally prove I had mastery over the English
language. However, I later started to consider who the readers of
my stories would be. The reader I decided upon as a model was
my mother. With her in mind, I began to write stories using all
the “Englishes” I grew up with: the simple English I spoke to
my mother, the “broken” English she used with me, and what
I imagined would be her meaning if she could speak in perfect
English. I wanted to reveal what language ability tests could never
find out: her observations and insights.
I knew I had succeeded when my mother finished reading my
book and said, “So easy to read.”
5
10
 wittily[wítili] crafted[] prove[] mastery[] decide upon
 reveal[] observation[] insight[]
Q8. How did Amy’s writing
style change after
she decided upon her
mother as a reader?
1s t : min. sec.
2nd: min. sec.
Timed Reading
Lesson 4 l Language in Life 105
A Read the sentences and check [ ] T for true or F for false based on the main text.
Complete the autobiography of Amy Tan with the words in the box based on the
main text.
B
T F
1. The writer used standard English when she talked to her mother.
2. The writer did well on fill-in-the-blank questions on English tests.
3. The writer noticed Asian American students do a lot better on math tests
than on English.
4. The writer was encouraged to be a writer by her teachers.
5. The writer likes to challenge people’s expectations of her.
insights prove ashamed crafted
thoughts affected incorrect standard
perfectly clear and natural with lots
of observations and 5) .
My mother tongue has 6)
me just as much as the English I learned
in school. Once I became a writer, I tried
to 7) that I had mastery
over English by using wittily
8) sentences. However,
later I began to write stories in all the
types of English thinking about readers
like my mother.
I was born into a Chinese family
in America. My mother is Chinese and
many people think that her English is
limited and 1) . They even
call it “broken.” As a child, I felt
2) that my mother spoke
English differently. Later, however, I
realized that just because my mother
doesn’t use 3) English, it
doesn’t mean that her 4)
are limited. To me, her English is
Reader's Review
106 Lesson 4 l Language in Life
Pretend you are Amy Tan and answer the questions. Then watch the video and
compare the answers.
C
Read the paragraph and share your opinion with your partner about different kinds
of English.
D
I agree because … I don’t agree because …
According to a study, 96% of English conversations around the world include at
least one non-native speaker. Still, we continue to teach and model “proper” English,
defined as being British or American standard English. Now, it’s time for a revolution.
Communication is no longer about being “correct” all the time. It’s about being
understood. Every type of English should be respected equally. In this global era, no
one owns the English language alone.
Editorial
An Interview with Amy Tan
Leave Your Questions
YJ_0119
How did your math score affect you when you
were young?
Stella
Why did you decide to major in English in your
university?
jchung
How did your mother tongue affect your writing?
Writer_ Amy Tan
Lesson 4 l Language in Life 107
Grammar Points in Use
Read and Notice Notice the grammar points of the structures in bold.
A
 I have a friend whose brother is a famous singer.
This course is for people whose first language is not English.
 Sophia has the belief that things will get better soon.
The majority of students shared the opinion that the test was unfair.
Check Choose the grammatically correct words or phrases to complete each
sentence.
1. Jina is the kind of person ( who / whose ) personality is positive and encouraging.
2. Due to the fact ( what / that ) there weren’t enough people, the whole vote was cancelled.
Find More Examples Find the sentences in the main text with the same structures
and usages as above.
Practice Write a sentence using the same grammatical structure as above.
There are times when .
Discovering Grammar
Read and Notice Notice the structures in bold.
B
Find More Examples Find the sentence in the main text with the same structure
and usage as above.
There are times when things go wrong
Yes there were times when you just feel you don’t belong
And there are days when things don’t go right
Yes there were days when you’re not willing to fight
You will need someone who will tell you it’s okay
Someone who believes, believes in you all the way
Kyla, “I Will Be There”
Focus on Form
108 Lesson 4 l Language in Life
A Word Building
serious
traffic
minor
unexpected
experience accident
Read the sentences focusing on the phrases in bold. Then write your own sentences
using the phrases above.
1. Jose has vast experience in teaching literature.
2. My grandfather underwent a painful experience during the war.
3. Drunk driving can cause serious accidents.
4. I had a minor accident on my way home.
Your Own
1.
2.
Sentence Building
Combine the given sentences as in the example. Then complete the sentence with
your own words.
B
1. Natalie had toast every morning.
She has changed to eating nuts instead.
→
2. Byron usually imitated others.
He has found the intrinsic value of himself.
→
3. I used to , but .
Example
There were many frogs in the lake.
We can scarcely see them now.
→ There used to be many frogs in the lake, but we can scarcely see them now.
vast
painful
rewarding
frightening
Ready to Write
Lesson 4 l Language in Life 109
Generate Ideas
Think about important experiences that affected or changed you.
A
Organize Ideas
Write about an experience that affected or changed you.
B
 Writing a Narrative Paragraph
I once failed
a big test.
I achieved
something that
I had always
dreamed of.
I have lost
my puppy that
I really loved.
One time I ran into some
bullies near school.
When I was a middle
school student, I moved
to a different city and
went to a new school.
Before After
 When and Where:
 Who:
 What:
Experience
Writing Workshop
110 Lesson 4 l Language in Life
How I Feel
about the
Experience Now
How I Have
Changed
How I Used
to Be
What
Happened
Analyze Model Writing
Read a student’s paragraph about the life-changing experience.
C
Write Your Own
Write your own narrative paragraph.
D
When I was young, I used to tease my classmates. After
getting into a middle school, however, I had a valuable experience.
My father was injured in a serious traffic accident and I was
shocked by it. While I was sitting alone outside the hospital,
my classmate Mina, whom I used to tease a lot, came over.
Surprisingly, she cheered me up. She also lent me her notes from
classes. That’s when I felt ashamed of myself and decided to change.
I stopped teasing my classmates and tried to get along with them.
Since then, my school life has become better thanks to Mina and
other friends of mine.
When , I used to
Since then,
Lesson 4 l Language in Life 111
Listening Listen to the speaker and check [ ] the things that he suggests for good
speaking.
A
Speaking Number the sentences in the correct order. Then act out the completed
conversation with your partner.
B
Do It Yourself
using polite expressions
choosing the right words
speaking at normal speed
expressing with body gestures
understanding each other’s culture
keeping appropriate volume of voice
What’s the matter? You look worried.
Oh, I haven’t thought of it that way. Maybe I should try harder.
You’re right. But it’s still hard for me to study it.
I got a poor grade on an English test again. I don’t know why I should learn English.
Well, English is now a global language. I learn English to study
abroad and make international friends.
Good idea. Make yourself motivated by thinking that English
is a useful tool.
Then how about this? There are many books or magazines in
English. If you can read English, you can have access to those materials.
112 Lesson 4 l Language in Life
D Writing Write a paragraph about a person who influenced you a lot.
C Reading Read the paragraph and answer the following questions.
I have been thinking lately about my mother’s English. Some of my friends tell me
they understand 50 percent of what my mother says. Some say they understand 80 to 90
percent. Some say they understand none of it she were speaking Chinese.
To me, however, my mother’s English is perfectly clear and natural. It is my mother tongue.
It is the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed things and made sense
of the world as a writer. For example, people might come up with “nightfall” or “dusk”
when they are asked to describe the word “sunset.” However, my imaginative mother tongue
allowed me to see a burst of colors against a dark sky, the moon rising, and the lowering of
a curtain of stars whenever I heard the word.
is the person who influenced me a lot.
1. Choose the one that is NOT true about the writer’s mother tongue.
a. The writer’s friends say they understand it perfectly.
b. It sounds very clear and natural to the writer.
c. It affected the way the writer saw things.
d. It helped the writer use her imagination.
2. Fill in the blank with the appropriate words.
 Who had much influence on you?
 What happened to him/her and you?
 How did he/she influence you?
A Person Who Influenced Me
Lesson 4 l Language in Life 113
Making an English-Korean
Proverb Dictionary
Find more English and Korean proverbs that have similar meanings. Then make
an English-Korean proverb dictionary.
Step 3
Step 1 Make a small group. Guess the meaning of each proverb.
Find Korean proverbs that have the same meanings as above. Then translate
them into English.
Step 2
English: The grass is always greener on
the other side of the fence.
Korean: Another person’s rice cake always
looks bigger than one’s own.
English: A bad workman blames his
tools.
Korean:
English: Empty vessels make the most
noise.
Korean:
English: The walls have ears.
Korean:
The grass is always
greener on the other
side of the fence.
A bad workman
blames his tools.
Empty vessels make
the most noise.
The walls have ears.
Project
114 Lesson 4 l Language in Life
The Immigrant Society:
Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl
Salad Bowl
The “salad bowl” is the idea that many different cultures
come together like a salad. Unlike a melting pot, the cultures
in a salad bowl each keep their original qualities. People
believing in the salad bowl model say that differences
among cultures should be treasured to create a society
that emphasizes diversity and understanding. They ask the
government to help minority groups develop without giving
up their own cultural characteristics. They believe it is the way
to make society unique and special for everyone.
Melting Pot
The “melting pot” is a term for describing a culture
where many different groups are united. They “melt
together” into one large society. At first, it was used to
describe immigrants being brought into white American
culture. After 1970, however, the idea was challenged.
Some people argued that the cultural differences were
valuable and needed to be preserved. They proposed an
alternative expression, such as a “salad bowl,” meaning that
different cultures mix, but keep their differences respected.
Search the Internet for programs to help immigrants in the U.S.A. Share what you find
with your class.
Search
Culture
Lesson 4 l Language in Life 115
A Life Worth Living
5Lesson
Big Question What does work mean in life?
Lesson Goals
Listening & Speaking
Topic 1 Future Careers
 I want to be a singer to inspire
people with my voice.
Topic 2 Choosing a Career
 What do you think is important when
choosing a career?
Reading
The Meaning of Labor
 , 
 .
Writing
 .
Language Structures
 Devra finished editing a magazine (which[that])
she had worked on.
 Devra regrets having put time into her work.
 The experience changed the way Stephen felt
about his job.
Listen In & Speak Out
A View and Think
Look at the pictures and think about the reasons why people work.
1st Listen to the interview. Which job is the woman applying for?
a. housekeeper b. youth counselor
c. event planner d. caregiver for seniors
2nd Listen again. What does the woman want to accomplish in her career?
a. achieving fame in society
b. becoming a top expert in her field
c. earning money to improve her life
d. making a positive change in people’s lives
B Listen and Check
I became
a doctor because
I wanted to
save lives.
I can help
people in need
as a social worker.
I’m a farmer.
I provide food
for the world. As a musician,
I want to inspire
people with
my music.
Think-pair-share
What do you want to do in the future? What is the value of it? Share
your answers with your partner.
 I want to be a singer to inspire people with my voice.
TOPIC 1. Future Careers
118 Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living
C Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the interview and fill in the blanks.
listening
Strategy
Preparing for a New Topic
When the speaker wants to bring up a new topic, the person may use phrases
like, “By the way,” “Actually,” “So,” or “Anyway.” When you hear these
expressions, you can expect that the speaker might bring up a new subject.
2. Think about your dream job and answer the following questions. Then share your
answers with your partner.
1. Why do you want to work in the field?
2. What do you do to achieve your goal?
3. What do you want to accomplish in your career?
I want to be a singer to inspire
people with my voice.
What do you want to
be in the future?
Hojin Kim has been taking the lead vocalist in the popular
band the American Hawks for the last two years. His band has
had tour concerts across the country. He said he feels excited
whenever he hears his fans 1) for their songs.
To 2) his singing, he mentioned he often
watches videos of other singers to learn their skills. His biggest
3) is to 4) people with his voice. It’s very exciting to
watch a bright future of this young talented singer.
Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living 119
Listen In & Speak Out
View and Think
Look at the picture and think about different kinds of jobs. What do you think is
important when choosing a career?
A
1st Listen to the conversation. What is the boy’s problem?
a. He wants to have a stable job.
b. He did poorly in a film audition.
c. His parents don’t want him to be an actor.
d. He isn’t satisfied with his work as an actor.
2nd Listen again. What does the girl think is important when choosing a career?
a. parents’ opinion b. one’s own interests
c. financial stability d. working conditions
B Listen and Check
Think-pair-share What other things should be considered when choosing a career? And
why? Share your answers with your partner.
working
conditions
interests
in the field
long-term goals
financial
stability
reputation
values
 What do you think is important when choosing a career?
TOPIC 2. Choosing a Career
passion
for work
120 Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living
Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the lecture and check [ ] the things the speaker mentioned.
C
Questions for Choosing a Career
1. Do you have a passion for the work?
2. Does the work have a good reputation in society?
3. Does the job pay you enough to make a living?
4. Does the work fit your values?
5. Are the working conditions good?
6. Does your family like you doing the work?
Speaking
Strategy
Expressing Uncertainness
You can show that you are not too sure about something by using expressions
like, “I guess ... .” “I suppose ... .” and “It might ... .”
2. What do you think is the most important factor when choosing a career? Think
about your top five factors and share them with your partner.
I think working environment
is important.
What do you think is important
when choosing a career?
Top Five Factors to Consider
When Choosing a Career
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living 121
1. Listen to the interview. Which is NOT mentioned about the man?
a. how he first started his job
b. what problems he experienced
c. why his family was against his career
d. what he wants to achieve in the future
2. Listen again. What keeps the man motivated to continue working?
a. his talent for making unique shoes
b. the government’s financial support
c. his students’ help in making special shoes
d. his passion to help physically challenged people
3. Think about what would motivate you to go on in your future career.
An Interview with a Shoemaker
Real-life Listening
122 Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living
Factors for Choosing Careers
Look at the charts of what students and parents consider when choosing
a student’s future career.
Step 1
What will you and your parents consider when choosing a future career for
you? Share your answer with your partner.
Step 3
Step 2 Complete the paragraph by choosing the correct words to describe the charts.
The charts show what students and parents consider when choosing a student’s
future career. Both of the two groups answered that talents and interests are the
( most / least ) important factors. However, the percentage of students was lower
than that of parents ( with / by ) 5.7%. ( While / Like ) school records were ranked
second by students, future prospects were ranked second by parents. The charts
also show that 7.2% of students chose income as a factor. ( As a result / On the
other hand ), 8.4% of parents included reputation when choosing their children’s
future careers.
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, 2011
7%
8.4%
21.8%
62.8%
7.2%
6.7% 29%
57.1%
talents and interests
school records
income
others
talents and interests
future prospects
reputation
others
Students Parents
Speaking Zone
Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living 123
Vocabulary for Reading
1. Find out the meanings of the words from the context.
A
I can’t
shake
remember
the feeling that my work has no
obstacle.
meaning.
2. Make a sentence by choosing the appropriate words to describe the picture.
I do the dishes to earn
extra money.
The girl got good
grades as a reward for
studying hard.
Amy regretted not
preparing for the test
earlier.
I got a compliment on
my work.
outcome compliment regret
earn reward recognize
I don’t know for sure
what the outcome of
the experiment will be.
Dan is recognized for
his hard work at the
company.
Ready to Read
124 Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living
Topic Preview
1. Answer the questions and compare them with the video.
B
1) What do you think you need to succeed in your future career?
2) If you are an owner of a company, how will you motivate your employees?
2. Look at the chart and think about what motivates people to work.
money
respect from
others
feeling of
accomplishment
Motivation
for Work
praise from
colleagues
Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living 125
The Meaning of Labor
Recently, I spent some time with a former student of mine,
Stephen. He worked for a large bank and had been devoting
himself to an important project. He’d been working hard on a big
presentation. He had researched data, created attractive, appealing
visual aids and spent many late nights at the office. Proud of the
outcome of all his hard work, Stephen sent the final presentation
to his boss.
However, just a few hours later, Stephen got a disappointing
email from his boss. The email read, “I’m very sorry, but I’ve
just heard that the project is going to be canceled. Anyway, this
presentation is very impressive. I know you worked hard, and you
did a good job.” Stephen said that wasn’t the first time that his
employer had done something like that.
Stephen knew that although his hard work was ultimately
useless, it was not his fault. His work had impressed the boss, and
he had received praise for his efforts. However, he couldn’t help
but feel frustrated. The experience of working so hard without any
apparent outcome had changed the way he felt about his job. He
quickly went from feeling happy and useful to feeling dissatisfied
and useless.
5
10
15
20
Q1. How would you feel if
you were Stephen in
this situation?
Q2. What changed the way
Stephen felt about his
job?
 labor[] former[] presentation[] appealing[]
 visual aid outcome[] impressive[] ultimately[]
 useless[] apparent[]
※dissatisfied: dis + satisfied
Genre
Topic
Newspaper Column
Psychology
126 Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living
Stephen said, “It’s bizarre. I worked hard and created really
eye-catching slides. My boss gave me compliments, saying that
he was satisfied with my work. I know that I will receive a great
review and probably get a raise at the end of the year. Obviously,
I should be happy, but I can’t shake the feeling that my work is
basically meaningless. What if the project I’m working on next gets
canceled, too?”
5
Q3. Why didn’t Stephen
feel happy?
 compliment[] get a raise obviously[] What if ~?
Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living 127
Listening to Stephen made me reflect on a story about my
sister Devra. As a book editor, she finished editing a magazine.
She enjoyed the work and got paid for it. She sent her finished
work to the publishing house, but the head editor decided not to
print the book for some reason. My sister was frustrated, knowing
that no one would ever read the book she had worked hard on.
She regretted having put so much time into it. These stories about
Stephen and Devra made me think about the meaning of labor.
The Concept of Contrafreeloading
Thinking about this subject led me to wonder how animals
consider work. When I started researching, I encountered the
concept of “contrafreeloading.” Animal psychologist Glen Jensen
created the term to describe how many animals prefer to “earn”
a meal rather than simply eat freely accessible food. Through his
research in the 1960s, he learned about animals’ interest in work.
5
10
 reflect on editor[] edit[] publishing house regret[]
 concept[] psychologist[] earn[]
※accessible: access + ible
Q5. Why was the term
“contrafreeloading”
created?
Q4. How were Stephen’s
and Devra’s stories
similar?
128 Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living
In his experiment, a rat was set in a cage and trained to press
a bar. When it did, it would receive food. The rat pressed the bar
again for more food and ate merrily. But then, the light in the
lab would go off and food would not come out anymore. The rat
realized that food would not be released when the light was not on.
Then the researcher opened the cage and placed a cup of food in
it. At first, the rat appeared uninterested in the cup, expecting that
pressing the bar would bring food again. But its wish would not
come true. Walking around the cage in frustration, the rat finally
noticed the cup of food. When it went over to it, the light suddenly
came back on. At this point, the rat had to make a choice. It could
lazily eat the food in the cup, or work to acquire food by pressing
the bar. Which option do you think the rat found appealing?
5
10
 merrily[] go off make a choice acquire[] option[]
Q6. What happened when
the light went off?
Q7. What choices did the
rat have when the light
came back on?
Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living 129
Almost all of the rats in Jensen’s study — about 200 — chose to
neglect the free food. Instead, they returned to the bar and pressed
it again! Similar to the rats, Jensen later discovered that many
animals such as fish, birds, monkeys, and chimpanzees favored
working for their food more than doing nothing for it. They all
chose to earn their food rather than get it without any effort.
The results from Jensen’s studies seemed to contradict the
accepted theories of economists at the time. According to them,
individuals always pursue the greatest reward with the least effort.
For animals like Jensen’s rats, spending any energy is a form of cost.
So why would they spend more energy when they didn’t have to?
Why did the rats work when they could have had the same food
for free?
The case of the rats suggests the meaning of labor to us. We
set objectives for ourselves in our work. We expect a rewarding
result and we hope that our efforts will be recognized upon
completion. Doing work we find worthwhile, we not only fulfill
our material desires, but also earn a sense of pride, well-being, and
a feeling of accomplishment.
5
10
15
 neglect[] favor[] contradict[] economist[]
 pursue[] reward[] set an objective recognize[]
 worthwhile[] material[] accomplishment[]
Q8. How does the result
of Jensen’s studies
contradict the views of
economists?
1st : min. sec.
2nd: min. sec.
Timed Reading
130 Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living
Great Motivations at Work
A research company in the UK conducted
a study on what motivates people at
work. They asked people to describe it in
their own words. The researchers looked
for things that were shared by people.
Interestingly, financial reward was
only ranked sixth overall in the list of
positive things. Surprisingly, making
less money was not listed in the top 10
negative things. It is clear that
organizations need to inspire employees
in ways beyond financial compensation.
Physical environment was only ranked
tenth as something that made people
feel good at work. This provided another
lesson, especially for organizations
investing money in new offices. Simply
changing the workplace is unlikely to
motivate employees. At the top of the
list of good things were more emotional
aspects of work life, such as feelings
of success at work, working with good
people, and recognition for a job well
done. It seems the most effective way
to make employees happier at work is
to treat them with respect and dignity.
Rank Feeling Good Feeling Bad
1 achievement negative experience with colleagues
2 working with others lack of recognition
3 recognition politics
4 helping others failure
5 varied & interesting work stress
6 financial reward boring work
7 good working atmosphere barriers to good performance
8 having authority lack of support
9 solving problems bad boss
10 physical environment lack of direction
Supplementary Reading
Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living 131
A Read the sentences and check [ ] T for true or F for false based on the main text.
T F
1. Stephen felt happy because he got compliments from his boss.
2. Devra regretted working hard when the book was not published.
3. Stephen’s and Devra’s work became useless because of their faults.
4. In Jensen’s experiment, food was not released when the light went off.
5. The writer thinks people work only for their material desires.
B Fill in the blanks with the words in the box to describe Jensen’s experiment.
Subject
Method
Result
Lesson
About 200 rats
Rats are given two choices for getting food.
Choice 1 When the rats 1) in their
cage, food is released immediately.
Choice 2 When the rats notice a cup of food in their
cage, they can 2) .
Almost all the rats chose to 3) and
pressed the bar.
The result seems to 4) about the
relationship between efforts and rewards.
Experiment Report
contradict economists’ views press the bar
eat food without any effort ignore the freely accessible food
Reader's Review
132 Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living
Your Own
1. Why does the economist think the column doesn’t make sense?
2. Who do you agree with, the writer of the main text or the economist? And why? Share your
answers with your partner.
C Read the letter and answer the following questions.
Look at the pyramid that shows the levels of human needs. Then make a pyramid
based on your own needs.
D
Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Self-esteem Needs
Selfactualizing
Needs
Social Needs
Maslow’s Pyramid of Human Needs
(A Theory of Human Motivation, 1943)
Dear Editor,
I’m writing in response to your column last Friday. I’m an economist and have
studied how economic concepts can be applied to human behavior. What you
were trying to say in your column didn’t make sense to me. In my opinion, the
behavior of the rats in the experiment is quite different from that of humans. I’m
sure the rats didn’t even realize what they were doing for food. If you carry out
Jensen’s experiment with people nowadays, you wouldn’t get the same result.
Everyone wants to maximize their rewards while minimizing their efforts. Who
would want to waste their time and energy if they could get the same rewards
without working?
Sincerely,
Frank Boswarth
Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living 133
Grammar Points in Use
Read and Notice Notice the grammar points of the structures in bold.
A
Check Correct the grammatical errors in the sentences.
1. Would you taste these cookies what I baked myself?
2. Michael regrets to idle away a lot of time when he was young.
Discovering Grammar
Read and Notice Notice the structures in bold in the paragraph.
B
Find More Examples Find the sentence in the main text with the same structure
and usage as above.
Find More Examples Find the sentences in the main text with the same structures
and usages as above.
Practice Complete a sentence using the same grammatical structure as above.
The Internet has changed .
 I loved the present (which[that]) I received from my father.
I bought a cake (which[that]) Chef Daniel made himself.
 Now I regret lying to my parents.
I regret saying such harsh words to my friend.
How the Internet Has Changed Our Lives
The Internet has changed our lives in many ways. For one thing, it has changed the
way we share information. We can exchange all kinds of information with people from
around the world through the Internet. What’s best is that this information is being
updated continuously. In addition, the Internet has changed the way we read. Most
of the articles we read online allow us to jump from one resource to another at an
incredible speed. We don’t need to stop what we were doing and go find another book
any more when we encounter a new word or concept in the original resource.
Focus on Form
134 Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living
A Word Building
Read the sentences focusing on the phrases in bold. Then write your own sentences
using the phrases above.
1. Tommy finally accepted the position that he had declined several times.
2. Sheila applied for a position as a news broadcaster.
3. Why don’t you give him a chance? I believe he has a lot of potential.
4. The player is being very calm waiting for a chance to make a point.
Your Own
1.
2.
offer
accept
change
apply for
a position
give
miss
seize
wait for
a chance
Sentence Building
Combine the given sentences as in the example.
B
1. We enjoyed the splendid view. We wandered along the shore.
→
2. Peter sat in the chair. He drew a picture of the horses.
→
3. Lisa stayed awake all night. She took care of her nephew.
→
Example
I spent three days in Rome. I visited old villages and historic museums in the city.
→ I spent three days in Rome, visiting old villages and historic museums in the city.
Ready to Write
Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living 135
Generate Ideas
Think about your dream job and what is required for it.
A
Organize Ideas
Pretend you are applying for your dream job and answer the questions.
B
 Writing a Job Application
educational
background
communication
skills
work experience
language ability
My Dream Job
What position are you going to
apply for?
What kind of academic background
is needed for the job?
What special abilities do you need
to do the job?
What kind of related working
experience is needed for the job?
Writing Workshop
136 Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living
Special Ability
Related
Experience
Concluding
Words
Applying
Position
Academic
Background
Analyze Model Writing
Read Seojin’s job application letter.
C
To whom it may concern,
Hello, my name is Seojin Han. I am writing to apply for the travel
agent position in your company. I studied on the tourist industry
in college from 2009 to 2012. Additionally, I can speak English
and French fluently. In 2011, I studied in France, learning about
the country’s history and culture. Moreover, I have volunteered for
six months as a tour guide for international visitors in New York
City. I hope that I can have a chance to use my valuable experience
to contribute to your company. Thank you very much for reading.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely,
Han Seojin
Write Your Own
Write your own job application letter.
D
To whom it may concern,
Hello, my name is . I am writing to apply for
Sincerely,
Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living 137
A Listening Listen to the speaker and choose which is NOT true about him.
Do It Yourself
a. He is applying for a job in marketing.
b. He majored in business administration.
c. He has worked for the same company
before.
d. He took part in the summer intern
program.
A: Mr. Peterson, what do I need to consider when choosing a future career?
B:
A:
B:
A:
B: Well, don’t give up. You will find it sooner or later if you keep searching for it.
Speaking Complete the conversation with the sentences in the box. Then act it out
with your partner.
B
a. In my opinion, you have to think about your interest most of all.
b. They are also some factors you need to consider, but I think you should find the work
you’re truly interested in.
c. Yeah, but aren’t working conditions and reputation important?
d. I see. I want to have a job which I can work with passion, but I haven’t found yet.
138 Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living
C Reading Read the paragraph and answer the following questions.
As a book editor, Devra finished editing a magazine. She enjoyed the work and
got paid for it. She sent her finished work to the publishing house, but the head editor
decided not to print the book for some reason. She was frustrated, knowing that no one
would ever read the book she had worked hard on. She regretted to have put so much
time into it. The story about Devra made me think about the meaning of labor.
1. Choose the one that is NOT grammatically correct among ~ and correct it.
→
2. What does “it” mean in the paragraph?
D Writing Write a job application letter based on the given information.
Competencies
Education
Objective to apply for a job focusing on software development
innovative and creative person
degree in computer engineering
South College, Knoxville, TN (2010~2013)
Experience
Future Goal
two-month intern program in IT
developing software for physically challenged people
Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living 139
Jobs around School
Present your group’s work to the class. Then discuss the meaning of each job
with your class.
Step 3
Choose a person from above and make questions for an interview with him or
her. Then interview the person.
Step 2
1. When did you start your job?
2. What do you like most about your job?
Make a small group. Think about people who work for your school and write
down what they do.
Step 1
Project
140 Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living
Unusual Jobs
around the World
If you’d like to live on a private island but can’t afford to
buy your own, you should try becoming a private island
caretaker! Private island caretakers get to live on an island for
free, and they also get paid for the maintenance of the island
owner’s property. Island caretakers are asked to do yard work,
clean and monitor other workers on the island. Private island
caretakers should know how to work with wood, gardens, and
large homes.
Private Islan d Caretaker
Ethical hackers have made the Internet safer for everyone.
Usually, hackers break into computer systems and steal
confidential information for illegal purposes. On the other
hand, ethical hackers help companies find weaknesses in
their online security systems. Ethical hackers are similar to
the TV series Crime Scene Investigators (CSI). They find
clues left behind by cyber criminals and provide companies
with solutions to supplement the security problems. Ethical Hacker
A flavorist is a research scientist who finds artificial
and natural flavors for foods. This job requires using
a knowledge of chemistry and food science to alter
the taste of food by analyzing certain chemicals in it.
Companies that make food, candy, and hair products hire
flavorists to give their products good smells and tastes.
People who want to be a flavorist should have good senses
of taste and smell.
Flavorist
Search the Internet for various unusual jobs in the world. Share what you find with your
class.
Search
Culture
Lesson 5 l A Life Worth Living 141
Living with Nature
6Lesson
Big Question What are the benefits of being close to nature?
Lesson Goals
Listening & Speaking
Topic 1 Indoor Activities vs. Outdoor
Activities
 I prefer to spend my free time
outdoors.
Topic 2 Different Lifestyles
 Compared to the city, there’s a stronger
sense of community in the country.
Reading
Nature Smart
 , 
 .
Writing
 .
Language Structures
 Being nature smart is having naturalistic
intelligence.
 I would fill a jar with lightning bugs.
 Julia was not as attracted as her peers by
fancy new stuff.
A View and Think
Look at the pictures and think about the advantages of indoor and outdoor activities.
1st Listen to the conversation. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
a. plans for the next weekend b. dangers of outdoor activities
c. free time activity preferences d. disadvantages of indoor activities
2nd Listen again. What is mentioned as one advantage of camping?
a. You can stay in shape.
b. You can get in touch with nature.
c. You can interact with many people.
d. You don’t need to carry special equipment.
B Listen and Check
Think-pair-share
What kinds of indoor and outdoor activities have you done before? Think
about their advantages and share your answers with your partner.
 We don't have to worry
about the weather.
 We don’t need to carry
special equipment.
 We can do the activities
at any time.
 We can get in touch with
nature.
 We can exercise and stay
in shape.
 We can release stress in
the open air.
Listen In & Speak Out
 I prefer to spend my free time outdoors.
TOPIC 1. Indoor Activities vs. Outdoor Activities
144 Lesson 6 l Living with Nature
C Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the speakers and choose the things that are mentioned by the speakers.
2. Think about your preference for indoor or outdoor activities. Then share your
answer with your partner.
Listening
Strategy
Listening for Contrasts
Speakers use certain expressions, such as, “however,” “on the other hand,” and
“on the contrary,” to inform you that contradicting information will follow.
After these expressions, a new idea that is in conflict with the last one is usually
introduced.
I can do it alone.
I can do it anytime.
I don’t need to carry heavy equipment.
I don’t have to worry about the weather.
I can meet many people.
I can get in touch with nature.
I can work out and stay in shape.
I can release stress in the open air.
Which do you prefer for your free
time, indoor or outdoor activities?
Advantages of Indoor Activities
Advantages of Outdoor Activities
I like outdoor activities better. I prefer
to spend my free time outdoors.
Lesson 6 l Living with Nature 145
View and Match
Look at the pictures and choose the phrases that describe each one.
A
1st Listen to the conversation. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
a. living in a city b. moving to the country
c. getting a job in a city d. growing up in a country
2nd Listen again. Which is true about the girl?
a. She left her hometown six months ago.
b. She has adjusted to the new environment quickly.
c. She is afraid of meeting her neighbors.
d. She is planning to move back to her hometown.
B Listen and Check
a. low cost of living b. fast pace of life
c. relaxed atmosphere d. a sense of community
e. more job opportunities f. modern conveniences
g. many types of entertainment h. more exposure to nature
Think-pair-share
Where do you live, in the country or in the city? What are your neighbors
like? Share your answers with your partner.
Living in the Country Living in the City
Listen In & Speak Out
 Compared to the city, there’s a stronger sense of community in the country.
TOPIC 2. Different Lifestyles
146 Lesson 6 l Living with Nature
Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the advertisement and fill in the blanks.
C
Rural Paradise:
A Peaceful Life to Give You Rest
 Slow down the 1) of life.
 Get away from crowded places and
2) .
 Enjoy the 3)
that we offer.
 Give your children more exposure to
4) .
 Experience a sense of 5)
with welcoming and friendly neighbors.
2. Think about how lifestyles are different in the country and in the city. Then share
your answer with your partner.
Compared to the city, there’s
a stronger sense of community
in the country.
Speaking
Strategy
Giving Examples
You can give some examples that support your argument to help the listener
understand it better. Examples often help the listener to be interested in your
ideas and make him / her focus on your speech. When giving examples, you
might say something like: “For example, … .” “For instance, … .”
How are lifestyles in the country
and in the city different?
Living in the Country
– There are less pollution and traffic.
–
–
– People get more job opportunities.
–
–
Living in the City
Lesson 6 l Living with Nature 147
1. Listen to the documentary. Which can be the best title of it?
a. A Creative Invention
b. How to Protect the Ecosystem
c. Damage to the World’s Oceans
d. A Nature Lover Fascinated by the Sea
2. Listen again. Which is NOT mentioned about Jacques-Yves Cousteau?
a. He developed diving equipment.
b. He holds the world record for staying underwater the longest.
c. He made documentary films about sea life.
d. He founded an organization to protect the ocean.
3. Have you ever watched a documentary film about ocean life? What did you think about
it? Share your answers with your partner.
Documentary: An Ocean Explorer
Real-life Listening
148 Lesson 6 l Living with Nature
Going Camping
Step 1 Look at the pictures and guess what is happening.
Step 3 Present your story to the group.
Step 2 Make a story about the pictures using the expressions in the box.
set up a tent live a busy life go camping with one’s family
fish with a net feel refreshed in nature plan to escape from the city
Speaking Zone
Lesson 6 l Living with Nature 149
Vocabulary for Reading
1. Find out the meanings of the words in bold from the context.
A
2. Make a sentence by choosing the appropriate words to describe the picture.
Spending time in a
natural
urban
reduces
improves
setting the power of observation.
There are many kinds
of sea creatures at the
aquarium.
Visitors are fascinated
by their variety.
Eric and Kathy explored
the forest together last
summer.
They were attracted by
natural beauty.
Tina likes to interact
with animals.
She can detect their
feelings with her heart.
Ready to Read
150 Lesson 6 l Living with Nature
Topic Preview
1. Think about the following questions. Then watch the movie and compare your
answers with it.
B
2. Read the statements and check [ ] Yes or No in response.
 If you said “Yes” to any of the questions, you may be nature smart!
Statements
I like animals.
I enjoy taking care of pets.
I am good at growing plants.
I adjust to different places well.
I enjoy camping or hiking in nature.
I like going to parks, zoos, and aquariums.
I care about nature and environmental problems.
I remember the details of places where I’ve been.
I am always curious about the wonders of nature.
I can memorize the names of animals and plants easily.
Yes No
1) If there are different kinds of intelligences, what kinds of intelligences do you think exist?
2) Among the different intelligences, which intelligence do you think you have developed?
Lesson 6 l Living with Nature 151
Being Nature Smart
Being nature smart — also known as having naturalistic
intelligence — means you have the ability to understand and relate
to natural surroundings. This includes possessing a heightened
sensitivity to nature, growing plants, and interacting well with
animals. It may also include being able to detect changes in the
weather or seasons. In other words, people with highly developed
naturalistic intelligence have a tendency to understand the natural
world better than others. They delight in working and exploring
outdoors.
5
 naturalistic[] intelligence[] relate[] possess[]
 heighten[] sensitivity[] interact with detect[]
 highly[] have a tendency to-v delight[]
Q1. What does being
nature smart mean?
Nature Smart
Genre
Topic
Expository Writing
Nature
152 Lesson 6 l Living with Nature
The Benefits of Being Nature Smart
Spending time in nature is crucial for the intellectual, emotional,
social, and physical development of human beings. Swedish
researchers compared children within two daycare settings: at
one, the silent play area was enclosed by tall buildings, with low
plants and a brick path; at the other, the play area was next to
a garden with tall trees and rocks set in an orchard surrounded by
woods. The study showed that children in the “green” daycare, who
played outside each day, had sharper physical skills and powers of
concentration. Many other studies have also shown that immersion
in nature can relieve anxiety and stress, improve physical health,
and enhance concentration.
5
10
Q3. What are other benefits
of immersion in nature?
Q2. What is spending time
in nature crucial for?
 benefit[] crucial[] intellectual[] emotional[]
 physical[] daycare[] enclose[] brick path orchard[]
 immersion[] relieve[] enhance[]
Lesson 6 l Living with Nature 153
Nature Smart People
Janet Fout, an environmental activist, developed a profound
relationship with nature when she was very young. She was raised
in her grandmother’s house, which was a simple white home on
a dirt road in the town of Huntington, West Virginia. Day and
evening, she spent hours playing hide-and-seek or freeze-tag with
the other kids in the neighborhood. A water maple in the front
yard offered her a branch low enough to grab by herself. She
would often climb up the tree and enjoy the wide view below.
Her memories of childhood were rich with the sights, scents, and
feelings that came from paying attention to nature’s details.
“Sometimes on a summer night close to bedtime, I would fill
a jar with lightning bugs and carry it to my room. I marveled at the
bright patterns of the light the insects made. Then I’d release all
of them outside, leaving one free in my own room. Quietly lying
in bed, I’d watch it. Fascinated and calmed by the tiny light, I’d
slowly drift off to sleep.”
5
10
15
 environmental activist profound[] dirt road hide-and-seek
 freeze-tag water maple[] lightning bug marvel[]
 fascinated[]
Q4. What were Janet’s
memories of childhood
like?
154 Lesson 6 l Living with Nature
After the birth of her daughter, Julia Fletcher, Janet spent time
with her not only in the mountains, but also in the natural setting
of their own yard. Janet recalls, “One of our favorite games was
making names for the unusual colors we saw in nature. ‘That one
is candlelight,’ Julia would say as we watched the sunset. She could
have found a job for naming new colors at a paint company!”
Janet and Julia also invented other games. For example, as they
wandered through the woods, they would deliberately listen to “the
sounds they could not hear.” Janet called this game The Sound of
a Creature. A list might include:
 sunrise
 moonrise
 dew on the grass
 snowflakes forming and falling
 an apple ripening
 a leaf changing colors
 a spider weaving its web
 an earthworm moving through the soil
5
10
15
 candlelight[] wander[] deliberately[] creature[]
 dew[] snowflake[] weave[] earthworm[]
※ripen: ripe + (e)n
Q6. What would you
add to the list for the
game, The Sound of a
Creature?
Q5. Where did Janet and
Julia spend time
together?
Lesson 6 l Living with Nature 155
Janet believes that Julia’s early exposure to nature played
a chief role in her oral, verbal, and artistic development. She is also
convinced that her daughter’s keen attention to nature’s details will
continue to enrich her life. “Julia was not as attracted as her peers
by fancy new stuff. The view from a mountaintop, the sound of
a singing bird, and the beautiful rainbow after a summer’s rain
have left a long-lasting impression on her,” says Janet. Even now as
a grownup, Julia has not lost her love of nature and simple
pleasures. “These values were rooted deeply in her during those
early years,” says Janet, “the years when Julia and I listened to the
sounds of creatures.”
5
10
 exposure[] play a role in convince[] keen[] enrich[]
 attract[] peer[] mountaintop[] long-lasting[]
 impression[] grownup[] value[] be rooted in
Q7. What effects does
Janet think nature had
on Julia?
1s t : min. sec.
2nd: min. sec.
Timed Reading
156 Lesson 6 l Living with Nature
The Simple Life of
Tasha Tudor
Tasha Tudor was an American author and illustrator of children’s
books. She illustrated such books as Mother Goose, The Secret
Garden, The Little Princess, and Little Women. However, Tasha
Tudor is not just popular because of her work. She is also
celebrated for maintaining her own lifestyle in nature.
Tasha Tudor lived in a rural area for the majority of her life.
She preferred the lifestyle of the 19th century. For example, she
spun cloth herself and sewed her own clothes. Instead of electric
lights, she used hand-made candles. She also cooked with the
freshest ingredients from nature: She would get milk from her goats and vegetables
from her garden. This lifestyle eventually made Tudor an icon of the eco-friendly
lifestyle.
Her childhood years had greatly affected her lifestyle. As a little girl, Tasha Tudor
would often imagine herself living on a peaceful farm away from busy cities, traffic,
and industry. In her daydreams, the only things around her
were her pets, her garden, and a barnyard full of farm animals.
The beauty and imagination in Tudor’s art reflects the simple,
yet colorful charm of nature. In her illustrations, we see
happy family outings, peaceful-looking animals, and glorious
sunshine.
Although she passed away in 2008, people remember her
as the little woman who sat barefoot in her flower gardens
illustrating children’s books in peace.
Supplementary Reading
Lesson 6 l Living with Nature 157
h. She isn’t as attracted as her peers
by fancy new stuff.
A Fill in the blanks with the words in the box based on the main text.
Check [ ] the statements that are true about either Janet or Julia based on the main
text.
B
interacting exploring concentration
relieving sensitivity intellectual
 possessing a heightened 1)
to nature
 2) well with animals
 detecting changes in the weather or
seasons
 delighting in working and 3)
outdoors
Characteristics of Nature Smart People
 being crucial for the 4) ,
emotional, social, and physical
development of human beings
 5) anxiety and stress
 improving physical health
 enhancing 6)
The Benefits of Being Nature Smart
b. She doesn’t like insects, including
lightning bugs.
d. She spends time in nature and
invents new games.
f. As a grownup, she has lost her love
of nature and simple pleasures.
a. She is curious about the
environment.
e. She climbs trees and enjoys the
view of nature.
c. She believes in the role of nature in
children’s oral, verbal, and artistic
development.
g. She prefers staying indoors to
doing outdoor activities.
Reader's Review
158 Lesson 6 l Living with Nature
Read the statements and rate how much you agree or disagree to each one. Share
your answers with your partner.
C
Check [ ] the ways that you think are helpful for being nature smart. Then add your
own ideas.
D
Join an urban garden club.
Travel to foreign countries.
Enjoy outdoor activities like camping or fishing.
Be aware of environmental issues.
Participate in recycling programs.
Read books about animals and plants.
Consume eco-friendly products.
How to Be Nature Smart
Your Own
5 = I strongly agree. | 4 = I agree. | 3 = I’m not sure. | 2 = I disagree. | 1 = I strongly disagree.
1. To be nature smart, you have to live in the country.
2. If you love nature, you should not fish or hunt animals.
3. It’s impossible to develop our economy and protect the environment at
the same time.
4. Nature smart people can get bored easily when they study in a classroom.
5. Indirect contact with nature, such as looking at trees from inside a room
is less helpful for developing naturalistic intelligence than direct contact
with nature, such as walking in the woods.
5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1
Lesson 6 l Living with Nature 159
Grammar Points in Use
Read and Notice Notice the grammar points of the structures in bold.
A
Check Choose the grammatically correct word or phrase to complete each
sentence.
1. Freedom involves ( taking / take ) responsibility for what you have done.
2. I ( will / would ) listen to music whenever I got nervous.
Find More Examples Find the sentences in the main text with the same structures
and usages as above.
 Your role includes taking care of the dog.
Reading many books is good for emotional development.
 I would take a walk to get some fresh air.
I would go hiking in the mountains every weekend before I hurt my leg.
Practice Write a sentence using the same grammatical structure as above.
Discovering Grammar
Read and Notice Notice the structures in bold.
B
Find More Examples Find the sentence in the main text with the same structure
and usage as above.
For those of you planning to go outdoors tomorrow, you
will be able to enjoy clear skies for most of the day. It’s going
to be as warm as today. However, things might change by
tomorrow evening. Showers are expected over the northern part of the state, and the
temperature will go down slightly. The sky will get clear again on this coming Sunday
and be as sunny as Saturday morning.
Weather Report
Focus on Form
160 Lesson 6 l Living with Nature
1. I finished my presentation. I asked the audience if they had any questions.
→
2. Martha drank a glass of water. She continued her speech.
→
3. Timmy looked around a few more shops. He decided where to buy a cap.
→
4. My friends and I arrived at the camping zone. We set up a tent together.
→
A Word Building
Read the sentences focusing on the phrases in bold. Then write your own sentences
using the phrases above.
1. I participated in the debate which is on air right now.
2. Hanna and Brad participated in the dance contest as a couple.
3. Jim and I share many old memories from our childhood.
4. The singer gave his fans unforgettable memories at his concert.
Your Own
1.
2.
Sentence Building
Combine the given sentences as in the example.
B
memory
old
vivid
painful
unforgettable
Example
I waited for you till 1 o’clock. I went out to eat alone.
→ I waited for you till 1 o’clock and then went out to eat alone.
a game
a debate
a contest
a program
participate in
Ready to Write
Lesson 6 l Living with Nature 161
Generate Ideas
Think about your memorable trip.
A
Organize Ideas
Fill in the chart about your memorable trip.
B
 Writing a Paragraph about a Trip
What I Saw
What I Did
When
A Trip to
How I Felt
What I Learned
What I Ate
 What did you see and do
during the trip?
 Why did you go there?
 How was the food you
ate there?
 When did you go there?
 How did you feel about
the trip ?
 Who was with you?
 How did you go there ?
Writing Workshop
162 Lesson 6 l Living with Nature
When and
Where
What I
Learned
Analyze Model Writing
Read a student’s paragraph about his / her trip.
C
Write Your Own
Write your own paragraph.
D
What I Saw
What I Did
What I Ate
How I Felt
Last summer, I participated in a weekend
farm program in Normandie. After arriving at
the farm, I climbed the hills nearby and saw a
bunch of cattle idling. I went to a barn, and then
fed goats there. It was fun to see them eating the
food up close. For lunch, I had pizza with cheese
that was produced on the farm. I had never tasted such delicious
cheese. During the stay, I realized that people there were living with
nature. They enjoyed the slow pace of life and got most of the food
directly from nature. This experience became my most unforgettable
memory from last summer.
Lesson 6 l Living with Nature 163
Who I Am Country Life Photo Diary Memo
A Listening Listen to the speaker and fill in the blanks.
Do It Yourself
Girl from Winchester
I live in Winchester, California. It’s located in the country,
where you can 1) your body and mind. Our
village is surrounded by beautiful 2) . The air
is so clear that you can see countless stars in the sky at
night. Because we grow vegetables and eat them, the
cost of living here is relatively 3) compared
to that of the city where people buy everything at the
market.
ID: Kathy_0505
Speaking Number the sentences in the correct order. Then act out the completed
conversation with your partner.
B
Hi, Minhee. Long time no see! How was your vacation?
Yes, I released some stress by getting in touch with nature.
Wow, that’s great! Did you have a good time there?
Do I? Maybe that’s because I exercised a lot while hiking.
Sounds great. You also look healthier compared to you before the vacation.
It was great. I went hiking with my friends to the Stormcastle mountain.
Cool! I’d love to do that, too.
You should! You’ll be amazed by the beautiful nature there!
164 Lesson 6 l Living with Nature
C Reading Read the paragraph and answer the following questions.
Being nature smart — also known as having naturalistic intelligence — means you
have the ability to understand and relate to natural surroundings. This includes (A) possess
a heightened sensitivity to nature, growing plants, and interacting well with animals. It may
also include being able to detect changes in the weather or seasons. In other words, people
with highly developed naturalistic intelligence have a tendency to understand the natural
world better than others. They delight in working and (B) explore outdoors.
1. Which CANNOT describe being nature smart?
a. having naturalistic intelligence b. interacting well with animals
c. detecting changes in the weather d. delighting in working indoors
2. Correct the grammatical errors of (A) and (B).
(A) (B)
D Writing Write a paragraph about your most memorable field trip.
Which field trip do you remember
most?
When and where did the field trip
take place?
What was the main purpose of
the field trip?
What was the most memorable
about the field trip?
Lesson 6 l Living with Nature 165
Make a small group. Pick a place and think of some tourist spots to include in
the package tour.
Step 1
Step 3 Present your group’s package to the class. Then choose the best one.
Tourist Spots:
Place:
Design a Package Tour
Step 2 Make a schedule for the package tour.
 Place:
 Night(s) Day(s)
 Concept:
 Price:
 Route & Available Activities
Project
166 Lesson 6 l Living with Nature
Sustainable Lifestyles
Search the Internet for more information about sustainable lifestyles. Then share what
you find with your class.
Search
The Slow Food Movement
The Slow Food Movement first began in Rome in 1986.
Watching a well-known fast food restaurant open in this historical
Italian city, journalist Carlo Petrini came up with an idea called
Slow Food. He wanted to encourage the use of fresh local products to defend local producers
from fast food chains. He wanted to do this for living a sustainable life and respecting
diversity of plants and animals. After Slow Food became popular, the idea was applied to
other different industries like health, education, and leisure.
LOHAS
Standing for Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability, LOHAS
started in the United States. It is a section of commerce for
goods and services that promote health and sustainable living.
Now, LOHAS is seeking to protect the environment. Companies that commercialize the
values of LOHAS provide their goods and services in environmentally‒friendly ways.
LOHAS consumers buy products that are natural and harmless to the environment. The
LOHAS system also includes advice on personal health, natural lifestyles, green building,
ecotourism, and alternative energy.
Eco tourism
Ecotourism is a new form of travel to natural areas. Unlike
traditional travel, ecotourism helps travelers learn about the
environment in wild and untouched nature. The goal of
ecotourism is to protect the environment and encourage the
well-being of local people. Ecotourism often includes programs that teach people about
natural resources, environmental history, conservation, and community development.
Culture
Lesson 6 l Living with Nature 167
Save the Earth
7Less on
Big Question How can we save the Earth?
Lesson Goals
Listening & Speaking
Topic 1 Using Electronic Devices
 Make sure you don’t put your computer
in direct sunlight.
Topic 2 Environmental Pollution
 Waste has harmful effects on the
animals living in the ocean.
Reading
For a World without E-waste
 , 
 .
Writing
 .
Language Structures
 Poisonous chemicals can leak into the soil if
not treated properly.
 Customers can get their devices repaired.
 While smashing devices, the workers are
exposed to toxic substances.
Listen In & Speak Out
A View and Match
Look at the pictures and match each one to the instruction on how to take care of it.
1st Listen to the conversation. Why is the boy’s cell phone NOT working now?
a. Because he stepped on it. b. Because he used it for too long.
c. Because he spilled water on it. d. Because he dropped it on the floor.
2nd Listen again. What does the woman suggest that the boy use?
a. b. c. d.
Think-pair-share What kind of behavior can reduce the lifespan of electronic devices?
Share your answer with your partner.
B Listen and Check
 Make sure you don’t put your computer in direct sunlight.
TOPIC 1. Using Electronic Devices
1
3
2
4
a. Keep it away from water.
c. Do not move it while it is on.
b. Do not leave your house with it on.
d. Do not put it in direct sunlight.
170 Lesson 7 l Save the Earth
C Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the conversation and check [ ] the direction that the girl did NOT follow.
Computer Owner’s Manual
 Do not put it close to a heater.
 Put it where there is good air circulation.
 Do not move it while it is on.
 Do not put it in direct sunlight.
 Clean dust off the computer regularly.
If you experience any problems, call Best Electronics at 1800-1111.
2. Think about proper ways to use electronic devices and give advice to your partner.
What should I do to make
my computer last longer?
Make sure you don’t put it
in direct sunlight.
When you use a cell
phone, make sure you
keep it away from water.
Speaking
Strategy
Asking for Information
When you ask someone for information, it is better to be specific to get the
exact information that you want. Showing respect and being polite can also
help you get a better response.
e.g. “Could you tell me what happened between you and your friend in detail?”
Lesson 7 l Save the Earth 171
Listen In & Speak Out
View and Match
Look at the pictures and match each one to the phrase that best describes it.
A
1st Listen to the conversation. What is the topic of the girl’s research paper?
a. the ways to save oil b. the importance of recycling
c. the effects of oil spills d. the seriousness of soil pollution
2nd Listen again. Which is mentioned as a way to prevent soil pollution?
a. recycling paper b. reducing oil consumption
c. burning the waste d. not using disposable products
a. releasing exhaust
b. using too much detergent
c. burying waste in a landfill
1 2
3
B Listen and Check
 Waste has harmful effects on the animals living in the ocean.
TOPIC 2. Environmental Pollution
Think-pair-share
What effects does each situation above have on the environment? Share
your answer with your partner.
172 Lesson 7 l Save the Earth
Listening
Strategy
Listening for Reasons
You will notice that speakers often describe reasons for events and actions by
using certain phrases like, “That’s because … .” “Due to … .” and so on.
Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the news report and fill in the blanks.
C
2. Talk with your partner about what we should do to prevent pollution.
The 1) from cars has harmful effects
on the environment, resulting in climate change. According
to the experts, if climate change continues, sea levels will
2) due to the melting of the glaciers and
sea ice. Certain plants and animals might 3)
due to the heat. It is also expected that hurricanes,
tornadoes, and other 4) caused by climate
change can happen more frequently.
Waste has harmful effects on
the animals living in the ocean.
I think so, too. We should try
to stop the water pollution.
Threats from Climate Change Continue to Grow
November 12
To stop air pollution, To stop water pollution, To stop soil pollution,
we should use public
transportation.
Lesson 7 l Save the Earth 173
Radio News: The Environmental
Doomsday Clock
3. Why do you think Korea’s time is ahead of the global average? Share your answer with
your partner.
1. Listen to the radio news. Check [ ] T for true or F for false based on the news.
2. Listen again. Fill in the correct times on the Environmental Doomsday Clocks of Korea
and the global average for 2011.
Korea The Global Average
1. The time on the clock indicates the seriousness of environmental pollution.
2. The closer the clock is to midnight, the closer the world is to its end.
3. The changing temperature can be seen as a sign of reduced pollution.
4. The increasing amount of waste does not affect the clock much.
T F
Real-life Listening
174 Lesson 7 l Save the Earth
How Long Do You Use It?
Step 1 Look at the chart that shows how long students use their cell phones.
How long have you been using your current cell phone? Why did you get
a new one? Share your answers with your partner.
Step 3
Cell Phone Use in Jitae’s Class
47.9%
28.2%
9.3%
5.7%
5.4%
more than 3 years
2 years
1 and a half years
1 year
less than 6 months
Describe the chart by choosing the appropriate words. Then conclude the
paragraph with your own words.
Step 2
This chart shows how long the students in Jitae’s class use their cell phones.
According to the chart, 47.9% of the students answered that they usually use their
cell phones for ( 1 year / 2 years ), while 28.2% of the students for ( more than /
less than ) 3 years. The percentage of the students who said their cell phones
last for 1.5 years was ( 9.3% / 5.7% ). Also, students who use their cell phones for
( more than / less than ) half a year made up 5.4%. The chart shows us that
.
Speaking Zone
Lesson 7 l Save the Earth 175
2. Make a sentence by choosing the appropriate expressions to describe the picture.
Vocabulary for Reading
1. Find out the meanings of the words in bold from the context.
A
The land
contributes to
is flooded with
discarded
extended
electronic devices.
We should dispose
of plastic bottles by
putting them into
recycling bins.
Recycling contributes
to keeping the
environment clean.
The government now
bans smoking in public
places.
This regulation aims
to protect the health of
non-smokers.
These gases lead to
severe air pollution.
Breathing the dirty
air can threaten our
health.
Ready to Read
176 Lesson 7 l Save the Earth
Topic Preview
1. Watch the video and answer the following questions.
B
1) Compare the numbers of the electronic devices that are generated, disposed of, and
recycled.
2) Think about the reasons electronic devices get disposed of.
2. Think about proper ways to discard the different types of waste.
Lesson 7 l Save the Earth 177
For a World without E-waste
Out with the Old, In with the New
Imagine yourself in a room overflowing with all of the electronic
devices you’ve owned throughout your entire life. You would
probably see numerous televisions, phones, games, and computers.
And don’t forget about household items like hair dryers and
electronic clocks. The room would be flooded with countless
electronic devices that you ever owned at one time or another!
As technology quickly advances, it sometimes seems
that a better product is already on the market as soon as
we purchase something. In addition, companies convince
customers to keep buying fancy new products by offering
attractive deals. For example, mobile phone companies often
offer new models for low prices, or even for free. It can be difficult
for customers to walk away from new models even if their old
phones are still usable. Nowadays, a common attitude is, “I’ll just
get a new one,” rather than “I’ll fix my old one.”
5
10
15
Genre
Topic
Persuasive Writing
Environment
 overflow[] numerous[] be flooded with at one time or another
 purchase[] convince[] deal[]
Q1. Why do customers
buy new models
even though their old
phones are still usable?
178 Lesson 7 l Save the Earth
As a result, many people just throw away their old electronic
devices without thinking much about what they are doing. This
could cause the Earth to be flooded with discarded electronic
devices, also known as e-waste.
The Harmful Effects of E-waste
The increasing consumption of electronic devices is now creating
a severe environmental crisis. A study shows that nearly 240
kilograms of fossil fuels, 22 kilograms of chemicals, and 1.5 tons
of water are used to produce one computer. In the manufacturing
process, not only do factories require considerable amounts of
natural resources, but they also contribute to the pollution of the
air and water.
That is not all. When e-waste is disposed of, harmful
substances are released into the environment. In other words,
poisonous chemicals can leak into the soil if not treated properly.
Eventually, these chemicals could threaten all living creatures and
the environment as a whole.
5
10
15
 consumption[] severe[] fossil fuel chemical[]
 manufacture[] require[] contribute to pollution[]
 dispose of substance[] poisonous[] leak[] threaten[]
Q3. What is needed to
produce a computer?
Q2. What is e-waste?
Lesson 7 l Save the Earth 179
Where Do They All Go?
When people throw away electronic devices, their e-waste goes
to different places. Some countries in Europe are striving to ban
e-waste from being sent straight to trash dumps. Still, in most
places around the world, e-waste is recklessly buried in landfills. For
instance, the soil and water in Hong Kong is at risk as about 20%
of discarded computers are sent to landfills.
Unfortunately, some developed countries have been disposing
of their e-waste by sending it to developing countries in order to
reduce costs. In those poor countries, people work under hazardous
conditions for low pay. While smashing electronic devices to get
tiny pieces of metals inside them, the workers are directly exposed
to highly toxic substances. Their families and neighbors are also put
in danger of becoming ill as the workers return home polluted.
5
10
 strive[] ban[] trash dump recklessly[] landfill[]
 at risk hazardous[] be exposed to toxic[]
Q4. How is e-waste usually
disposed of?
Q5. What problems are
people working with
e-waste in poor countries
facing?
180 Lesson 7 l Save the Earth
A Call for Action
There are some ways that you can contribute to solving the crisis
caused by e-waste. The simplest solution is to treat your electronic
devices with care to make them last longer. As a smart consumer,
you also need to be familiar with appropriate ways to dispose of the
electronic devices you own. You can research the companies that
produce or market such products, and inquire about their waste
disposal services. Another great way to deal with your old electronic
devices is by giving them away. There are even some companies
that accept used products, and sell them to people who would like
to reuse them.
Although the efforts of individuals are very important, it is also
essential for governments, companies, and civil organizations to
address e-waste problems. For example, a nonprofit organization
in the United States, the Basel Action Network (BAN), regulates
corporations to control e-waste. It restricts the dumping of harmful
waste in developing countries.
5
10
15
 inquire[] civil[] organization[] nonprofit[]
 regulate[] corporation[] restrict[]
※disposal: dispos(e) + al
Q6. What can individuals
do to reduce e-waste?
Q7. What does BAN do
to solve e-waste
problems?
Lesson 7 l Save the Earth 181
As for governments, many leaders around the world have
assembled their collective wisdom to take action against e-waste.
Some leaders in the EU have created regulations to make
manufacturers responsible for recycling. They are also persuading
the manufacturers to make electronic devices more eco-friendly
by reducing the amount of poisonous chemicals in them. Also,
companies are encouraged to manufacture products with easily
replaceable parts so that customers can get their broken electronic
devices repaired and extend their life cycles. Perhaps it will be
impossible to stop creating e-waste altogether, but we can make
a big difference by understanding the problem and cooperating
with each other to solve it.
5
10
 as for assemble[] collective[] take action regulation[]
 persuade[] eco-friendly[] replaceable[] extend[]
 make a difference
Q8. What can manufacturers
do to reduce e-waste?
1s t : min. sec.
2nd: min. sec.
Timed Reading
182 Lesson 7 l Save the Earth
The World’s Largest Dump
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP)
is a collection of trash located in the
central North Pacific Ocean near Hawaii.
It has grown ten times its original size
every decade since 1950. Today it is
estimated to be seven times larger than
the Korean Peninsula. About 90% of it
is composed of plastics, while chemicals
and other garbage account for the bulk
of it. Researchers believe that the trash
drifted through the ocean and got stuck in
the area because there is not much wind.
Despite its enormous size and density,
it is almost impossible to observe the patch
by satellite. This is because the particles
of trash are too small to be detected. To
make matters worse, they are mostly
floating below the surface of the ocean.
Since the huge stretch of floating garbage
was discovered in 1997, the GPGP has
been frequently mentioned as an example
of a growing environmental disaster.
The biggest problem is that sea
animals confuse the garbage with food
and eat it. When animals ingest plastic,
it eventually leads to death. This affects
other creatures along the food chain, and
humans are no exception.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch
problem is so large and hopeless that it
seems as if there is nothing we can do
about it. However, producing less trash
and disposing of waste properly can be
a small but effective start. As the old
saying goes, better late than never.
Supplementary Reading
Lesson 7 l Save the Earth 183
Read the comments and choose the people who are responsible consumers based
on the main text.
a. b. c. d.
B
I’m so curious
about fancy new
electronic devices
that I can’t help
but buy them.
There are many old
electronic devices
in my closet that
I don’t use much
anymore.
When I got my
new cell phone,
I gave the old one
to a secondhand
store.
I found a way to
return my old
phone to the
manufacturer
for recycling.
toxic recycling dispose resources eco-friendly
restrict replaceable landfills flooded treat
Problems
 The Earth is 1) with e-waste.
 Considerable amounts of natural 2) are used.
 E-waste is recklessly buried in 3) or sent to developing countries.
People in the countries are exposed to highly 4) substances.
Solutions
 Individuals
- 5) electronic devices with care and make them last longer.
- Be familiar with appropriate ways to 6) of electronic devices.
 Civil Organizations (e.g. BAN)
- 7) the dumping of harmful waste in developing countries.
 Governments
- Create regulations to make manufacturers responsible for 8) .
- Persuade the manufacturers to make electronic devices more 9) .
 Companies
- Manufacture products with easily 10) parts.
Conclusion
E-waste
Fill in the blanks with the words in the box based on the main text. Then make your
own conclusion.
A
Reader's Review
184 Lesson 7 l Save the Earth
Think about how you can deal with your old electronic devices. Then share your
answer with your partner.
D
Look at the pictures and match each one to the related sentence in the box. Then
think about which process is most harmful to the Earth.
C
a. material extraction b. material processing c. manufacturing
e. end-of-life d. use
f. disposal
g. recycle
 finding someone who needs the electronic device that I don’t need anymore
h. reuse
1. Raw materials are extracted from the Earth.
2. Consumers use the products in their daily lives.
3. The products break down and do not work anymore.
4. Raw materials get processed for manufacturing products.
5. Consumers repair or upgrade the products to use them again.
6. Harmful substances can be released if not treated properly.
7. Manufacturers take parts from old products to use them somewhere else.
8. Many different resources are combined and turned into finished goods.
Lesson 7 l Save the Earth 185
Grammar Points in Use
Read and Notice Notice the grammar points of the structures in bold.
A
Check Correct the grammatical error of each sentence.
1. This flower will die not if watered at least twice a week.
2. I got my broken computer repairing at the shop across the street.
Find More Examples Find the sentences in the main text with the same structures
and usages as above.
Practice Change the given sentence using the same grammatical structure as
above.
While I made spaghetti, I listened to music.
→
Discovering Grammar
Read and Notice Notice the structures in bold.
B
Find More Examples Find the sentence in the main text with the same structure
and usage as above.
 If not fully satisfied, return the car to us.
If not treated properly, the wound might leave a scar.
 Where did you get your hair done?
Lisa got her bag stolen during the show.
Spaghetti with Cream Sauce
1. Boil the spaghetti noodles with some salt for 7 to 8 minutes.
2. While boiling the noodles, fry chopped onions and garlic in a pan with olive oil.
3. Put the noodles in the pan. Fry them with other vegetables and bacon.
4. Put some milk and fresh cream in another pan.
5. While boiling down the milk and fresh cream, season it with salt and pepper.
6. Add some eggs to the milk and stir well.
7. Pour the sauce onto the fried noodles.
Focus on Form
186 Lesson 7 l Save the Earth
A Word Building
Read the sentences focusing on the phrases in bold. Then write your own sentences
using the phrases above.
1. It’s time to take firm action to protect the environment.
2. The company has contributed to damaging the environment.
3. Conservative people tend to resist a change.
4. The organization called for a change in the security system.
Your Own
1.
2.
1. Hurry up. + You won’t arrive at the airport in time.
→
2. Seize the opportunity. + You will regret it.
→
3. Behave properly. + No one will want to be friends with you.
→
Sentence Building
Combine the given sentences as in the example.
B
Example
Use reusable products. + You can’t reduce the amount of trash you produce.
→ Unless you use reusable products, you can’t reduce the amount of trash you produce.
harm
protect
damage
preserve
the environment
resist
call for
undergo
bring about
a change
Ready to Write
Lesson 7 l Save the Earth 187
Generate Ideas
Think about what you can do to reduce waste in your school.
A
Organize Ideas
Write your ideas and their supporting details.
B
Idea 1:
Supporting Detail:
Idea 2:
Supporting Detail:
Idea 3:
Supporting Detail:
 Writing an Opinion Paragraph
 setting up recycling bins in classrooms
 making a cell phone drop box
 collecting used textbooks and school
uniforms
Your Own
Writing Workshop
188 Lesson 7 l Save the Earth
Idea 3
Idea 2
Idea 1
Topic
Sentence
Concluding
Sentence
Unless we start doing something to reduce waste, the Earth will
be covered with garbage someday. To protect the environment, there
are some things we can do in school. First, we should set up recycling
bins in classrooms. This will encourage students to recycle their waste.
Second, we ought to collect our used textbooks and school uniforms,
and pass them down to younger students. Then they won’t need to
make unnecessary purchases. Third, we need cell phone drop boxes
where students can drop off their old cell phones. The collected cell
phones can be donated to charities. With these small efforts, we will
be able to bring about big changes to the world.
Analyze Model Writing
Read a student’s opinion paragraph about reducing waste.
C
Write Your Own
Write your own opinion paragraph.
D
I think it is
. First, we should
.
Second,
.
Third,
Lesson 7 l Save the Earth 189
Speaking Complete the conversation with the sentences in the box. Then act it out
with your partner.
B
Listening Listen to the conversation and choose the picture that the speakers are
talking about.
A
a. b.
c. d.
Do It Yourself
A: May I help you?
B: Yes. My hair dryer does not work.
A:
B: Well, I used it for about 15 minutes to dry my clothes fast.
A: I see. That seems the cause of this problem.
B: Okay, I will keep that in mind. How much will it cost to get it repaired?
A: When did you buy this dryer? Do you have the certificate of the warranty?
B:
A: Then, you wouldn’t need to pay for it. The company provides you a free repairing service
for one year after you buy an item.
a. Yes. I brought it here with me. I have kept this since I bought it last year.
b. Let me see. It seems like it was on for too long. Am I right?
c. Make sure you don’t use it too long. When it is heated too much, it’ll break down.
190 Lesson 7 l Save the Earth
 Then, we won’t need to purchase new, expensive products.
 Last but not least, we should respect and love our town.
 First, we can solve the problem by setting up recycling bins in our town.
 Second, we should open a market to sell or buy used materials and products.
 With these little efforts, we will be able to make a big difference to our town.
C Reading Read the paragraph and answer the following questions.
As technology quickly advances, it sometimes seems that a better product is already
on the market we purchase something. (A) It can be difficult for customers
to walk away from new models even if their old phones are still usable. (B) In addition,
companies convince customers to keep buying fancy new products by offering attractive
deals. (C) For example, mobile phone companies often offer new models for low prices, or
even for free. Nowadays, a common attitude is, “I’ll just get a new one,” rather than “I’ll fix
my old one.”
1. Which CANNOT be appropriate for the blank?
a. as long as b. right after
c. as soon as d. at the moment
2. Put (A), (B), and (C) in the correct order to complete the paragraph.
( ) → ( ) → ( )
Writing Put the sentences ~ in the correct order to complete the paragraph
about protecting environment.
D
→ → → →
To protect our precious environment, I think we have to start to deal with trash
problems in our town.
Lesson 7 l Save the Earth 191
Make a small group. Think about how you can recycle items around
your school.
Step 1
Step 3 Present your group’s work to the class. Then choose the best one.
Step 2 Design your group’s recycled invention.
Items How to Use the Items
plastic bottles Make them into flower vases.
Make a Recycled
Invention
Project
192 Lesson 7 l Save the Earth
World Environmental
Organizations
World Wide Fund
for Nature (WWF)
Established in
1961, the World
Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is
an international non-governmental
organization (NGO) with over five
million supporters around the world.
The organization works on issues
related to conservation, restoration, and
research about the natural environment.
Much of the group’s work deals with
conserving oceans and beaches. It is
also involved with problems related to
pollution, climate change, and some
species that are about to fade out of
existence.
Friends of the Earth International
(FOEI)
Friends of the Earth International
(FOEI) started in the U.S.A.
in 1969 by David Brower. It is a network of
environmental groups in over 75 countries. Going
beyond traditional environmental protection, the
organization deals with environment issues in
connection with social movements and human
rights. Though the group started in the U.S.A.,
there are now many members also in Europe and
developing nations.
Greenpeace
Founded in Canada in 1971, Greenpeace is a global
environmental NGO. Today, it is based in the Netherlands,
and has local offices in more than 40 countries. The goal of
Greenpeace is to ensure that the Earth remains able to support
life in all its diversity. The group focuses its campaigns on
large global issues such as nuclear power and global warming.
Search the Internet for other environmental organizations. Share what you find with
your class.
Search
Culture
Lesson 7 l Save the Earth 193
Important Moments
in Photos
8Lesson
Big Question What do you think about the power that photos have?
Lesson Goals
Listening & Speaking
Topic 1 Taking Photos
 What are your reasons for taking
photos?
Topic 2 Enjoying Photos
 What do you think about this photo?
Reading
Historic Snapshots
 , .
Writing
 .
Language Structures
 Bourke-White met Gandhi in India, where she
photographed him.
 It was Counts that arranged for the two women
to reunite.
 Without the photo, we might not have known
the history.
Think-pair-share Why do you take photos? Share your answer with your partner.
to report news
to sell products
to capture moments
to record beautiful
landscapes
A View and Think
Look at the pictures and think about the reasons for taking photos.
1st Listen to the interview. What is the woman’s reason for taking photos?
a. to report news b. to make people look beautiful
c. to sell products d. to capture important moments
2nd Listen again. Which is true about the woman?
a. She is known for taking landscape photos.
b. She thinks photos can remind people of their memories.
c. She always plans a theme before taking photos.
d. She makes people pose for photos.
B Listen and Check
Listen In & Speak Out
 What are your reasons for taking photos?
TOPIC 1. Taking Photos
to remember
important memories
196 Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos
listening
Strategy
Listening to Questions in an Introduction
In the beginning of a lecture or an announcement, the speaker may ask the
audience some questions to raise their interest and have them focus more on the
speech. Don’t ignore these questions because they are related to the topic and
will help you approach it better. The main idea is often introduced next.
Photography Camp
for Youth aged 17-19
May 25 - 29, 2 013
1. Discover Beauty
- Learn how to take photos of
beautiful 1) .
2. Capture the Moment
- Learn how to 2)
special moments.
3. Photo Reporting
- Learn how to take photos for
news 3) .
4. Commercial Photography
- Learn how to take photos to
4) .
C Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the announcement and fill in the blanks.
I take photos to capture
critical moments in life.
What are your reasons
for taking photos?
Name Class
Application
Why do you take photos?
2. Choose one class you want to sign up for from above. Then complete the following.
Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos 197
Think-pair-share Which photo above do you like best? And why? Share your answers with
your partner.
a. It conveys a lot of
emotion.
b. It captures a thrilling
moment.
c. It portrays a beautiful
landscape.
d. It reminds people of
a special moment.
View and Match
Look at the photos and match each one to the phrase that best describes it.
A
1st Listen to the news report. What is it mainly about?
a. a lecture about photography
b. an introduction of a photo exhibition
c. the reviews of photos at an exhibition
d. an interview with award-winning photographers
2nd Listen again. Which is true about the photo exhibition?
a. Visitors can buy photo books at the exhibition.
b. The photos are being exhibited in Korea for the first time.
c. Visitors can meet famous photographers at the exhibition.
d. An award ceremony will be held on the last day of the exhibition.
B Listen and Check
1 2
3 4
Listen In & Speak Out
 What do you think about this photo?
TOPIC 2. Enjoying Photos
198 Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos
Speaking
Strategy
Expressing an Opinion
There are many ways to bring up your opinion. The following examples indicate
that what comes next is your personal opinion rather than a general fact: “In my
opinion, … .” “It seems to me that … .” and “I don’t think … .”
World Press
Photo
Exhibition
This was taken at the
funeral of Martin Luther
King, Jr. This photo
1) a lot of
emotion.
This 2) the
moment of the World
Trade Center terrorist
attack. It 3)
us of the tragic attack.
Deep Sorrow (1968) Before Collapsing (20 01)
Listen and Speak
1. Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks.
C
December 12, 2012 – January 23, 201 3
Visual Arts Center
What do you think about
this photo?
2. Complete a review of the photos above. Then share it with your partner.
I like it. I think the photo
conveys a lot of emotion.
 Title: Deep Sorrow (1968)
Comments:
 Title: Before Collapsing (2001)
Comments:
Photo Review
Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos 199
Audio Guidance: Burst of Joy
Burst of Joy <The Associated Press, 1973>
1. Listen to the audio guide. Which is NOT true about the photo?
a. It was taken by an officer of the US Air Force.
b. It was taken at an air force base in California.
c. It captures the moment of a family’s reunion.
d. It won a Pulitzer Prize in 1974.
2. Listen again. What is the speaker going to talk about next?
a. how this photo was released to the public
b. why this photo won a Pulitzer Prize
c. why the photographer decided to take this photo
d. what this photograph symbolizes in American history
3. Why do you think the photographer took this photo? Share your answer with your
partner.
Real-life Listening
200 Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos
Be a Curator!
Make a small group. Pretend you are a curator and explain the photo to your
group.
Step 3
Step 1 Look at the photos and guess what they are trying to show.
Choose one photo from above and search the Internet for some information
about it.
Step 2
Footprint on the Moon (1969) Faith and Confidence (1958) Teeming with Birds (2008)
Title:
Photographer:
Description:
search
Speaking Zone
Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos 201
The boy refuses to eat
any kind of vegetables.
refuse
David attempted to
block the ball but he
missed it.
attempt
I enjoy taking portraits
of myself.
portrait
This
portrait
landscape the leader of India.
exploits
captures
We have to respond
kindly to children’s
requests for our help.
request
Vocabulary for Reading
1. Find out the meanings of the words from the context.
A
2. Make a sentence by choosing the appropriate words to describe the picture.
Ready to Read
preserve
We should preserve
the environment for
our children.
The boy is struggling
to solve a difficult math
problem.
struggle
202 Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos
natural
grand
tidy
breathtaking stiff
peaceful
1) What do you think of this photo?
2) What do you think is the role of a photographer?
North Korean refugees are escaping from Pyongyang
to the South over the Taedong River’s broken steel bridge.
It was destroyed by an attack from the Chinese forces
on Dec. 4, 1950. AP photo journalist Max Desfor won
a Pulitzer Prize for this photo in 1951. The photo was
titled Flight of Refugees across Wrecked Bridge in Korea.
Hundreds of North Koreans were running away in fear
of the Chinese forces. Risking their lives, they climbed
across the bridge which was the only way to freedom.
Topic Preview
1. Watch the video and circle the words that come to mind. Then add your own
words.
B
2. Read the paragraph and answer the following questions. Then share your answers
with your partner.
Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos 203
An Inspirational Landscape
In the summer of 1861, Carleton Watkins, one of the most
renowned photographers of his era, traveled to Yosemite Valley in
California in the U.S.A. He photographed the area’s breathtaking
natural landscapes and distinctive geography. People all over the
country were astonished by his photos, which motivated others to
visit the area. Watkins’ photos also brought about something much
more significant. In 1864, California *Senator John Conness, who
possessed a set of Watkins’ photo prints, drafted the Yosemite
Grant Bill. The bill proposed something totally new in history:
setting aside a large part of Yosemite Valley for public use. That
same year, the bill was signed by President Abraham Lincoln.
*Senator 
Historic Snapshots
5
10
 snapshot[] inspirational[] era[] renowned[]
 breathtaking[] distinctive[] geography[] astonish[]
 bring about draft[] grant[] propose[] set aside
 sign[]
Q1. What did Carleton
Watkins photograph in
Yosemite Valley?
Genre
Topic
Expository Writing
Photography
204 Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos
The Yosemite Grant Bill was based on the idea that wilderness
should be preserved for future generations. This differed from the
attitude that Americans had previously shown towards nature. Until
the mid-1850s, pioneers and settlers of America had been clearing
forests along the East Coast for over a century. This was based
on the belief that humans had the right to exploit the country’s
wilderness. It was clear that securing the land for preservation
would not be good for economic growth. In this situation, Watkins’
photos brought about changes in public opinion.
The bill had support from the government, businesses, and
naturalists. It became an important first step toward establishing
Yellowstone as the first national park in America in 1872. It was
followed by Yosemite, General Grant, and Sequoia, which each
became national parks as well. Without Watkins’ photos, the
lawmakers might not have been inspired to conserve these areas
and protect the natural beauty of the country.
5
10
15
 wilderness[] preserve[] generation[] differ from
 previously[] pioneer[] settler[] right[] exploit[]
 secure[] economic[] naturalist[] establish[]
 lawmaker[] conserve[]
Q2. What were Americans’
attitudes towards
nature like before the
mid-1850s?
Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos 205
A Portrait of a Great Leader
Margaret Bourke-White
w a s w o r k i n g f o r L i f e
Magazine in 1946 when
s h e w a s g i v e n a r a r e
opportunity to photograph
Mahatma Gandhi. He
was the leader of India
at a time when it was
struggling to achieve independence from Britain. She met him at
his home in India, where the photo shoot turned out to be a much
stiffer challenge than she had expected.
Things were difficult from the beginning. First, Gandhi’s
secretaries told Bourke-White that she could not photograph
Gandhi in front of his spinning wheel until she learned how
to use it herself. The spinning wheel was a symbol of India’s
independence from Britain’s textile industry, and it symbolized the
goal of people making their own clothing.
Next, she was told not to speak to Gandhi because it was his
day of silence. Plus, she could only use three flashbulbs during the
whole shoot because Gandhi was not fond of bright lights.
Bourke-White successfully spun thread and agreed to the other
requests, but then she had problems with her camera equipment
due to India’s humid weather.
5
10
15
20
 portrait[] rare[] struggle[] turn out stiff[]
 textile[] flashbulb[] be fond of thread[] request[]
※independence: in + dependence
Q3. What did Margaret
have to go through
when she photographed
Gandhi?
206 Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos
Finally, she was ready to shoot. To her disappointment,
however, her first two shots did not turn out well. On the first try,
the flashbulb broke, and on the second, she made a mistake with
her camera. Luckily, her third and final shot was successful. The
image of a thin frail man sitting on the floor by his spinning wheel
became a historic portrait of the great leader. It was also one of the
last portraits of Gandhi, as he was killed less than two years after
the photo was taken.
A Reminder of a Different Time
O n S e p t e m b e r 4 , 1 9 5 7 ,
photojournalist Will Counts
photographed a young black
woman, named Elizabeth
Eckford, as she walked to
Central High School in Little
Rock, Arkansas, U.S.A.
The 15-year-old Eckford had just been turned away by
Arkansas National Guardsmen after she attempted to enroll at the
all-white high school. In 1954, the court had declared it was unfair
to create separate schools on the basis of race. Despite the court’s
judgment, several states in the South, including Arkansas, refused
to desegregate. The photo also depicts a young white woman,
Hazel Bryan Massery angrily yelling at Eckford as she made her
way through the hostile crowd.
5
10
15
20
 to one’s disappointment shot[] frail[] photojournalist[]
 turn away attempt[] enroll[] declare[] separate[]
 on the basis of refuse[] desegregate[] depict[]
 make one’s way hostile[]
Q4. Why didn’t the first two
shots turn out well?
Q5. What did the US court
declare in 1954?
Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos 207
5
10
15
 in honor of anniversary[] arrange[] reunite[]
 side by side face to face prior[] racial[] equality[]
 forgiveness[]
Q6. What did the two
women join together
for in 1997?
Q7. What do the photos of
the two women show?
On October 25, 1997,
the two women joined
together to speak about
peace in honor of the 40th
anniversary of the school
desegregation effort. It was
Counts that arranged for
the two women to reunite.
On that day, Counts photographed them once again in front of
Little Rock Central High School, but this time, they were smiling
at each other, standing side by side. Although this was the first time
the two women had met face to face, it was not the first time they
had spoken. Massery had called Eckford on the phone years earlier
and apologized for what she had done 40 years prior.
Without these two photos, we might not have had such a clear
example of changing racial attitudes toward African-Americans in
the U.S.A. The photos show us that the world may not be perfect,
but society is headed in the right direction thanks to the power of
courage, equality, and forgiveness.
1s t : min. sec.
2nd: min. sec.
Timed Reading
208 Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos
What Is a Pulitzer Prize?
The Pulitzer Prize is an award considered one of the most
respected honors in journalism, literature, and music. It was
established by an American newspaper publisher named
Joseph Pulitzer. He left money in his will to Columbia
University to launch a journalism school and establish the
Prize. $250,000 was allocated to the prize and scholarships. The first Pulitzer
Prizes were awarded in 1917, and there are currently 21 categories.
The winner of the award receives a certificate and
$10,000. Famous winners of the Pulitzer Prize include
President John F. Kennedy, Ernest Hemingway, William
Faulkner, and Robert Frost. Pulitzer medals are also given
to newspapers, which can win the Public Service category.
The Pulitzer Prize for Photography was started in
1942. The first winner of the award was Milton Brooks, for his photo Ford
Strikers Riot. Later, the Pulitzer Prize for Photography was divided into two
categories: the Pulitzer Prize for Feature
Photography and the Pulitzer Prize for Spot
News Photography (now called the Pulitzer
Prize for Breaking News Photography).
Many Pulitzer-Prize-winning photographs
have become famous due to their historical
importance and symbolism. Ford Strikers Riot (Milton Brooks, 1941)
Supplementary Reading
Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos 209
Historic Meaning Description of the Photo
A Fill in the blanks with the words in the box based on the main text.
portraits forgiveness separate national
hostile distinctive desegregation independence
It captured the breathtaking
natural landscapes and
1) geography
of Yosemite Valley.
Mahatma Gandhi was
photographed sitting by
his spinning wheel which
was a symbol of India’s
3) from
Britain’s textile industry.
This inspired lawmakers
to establish 2)
parks to protect the natural
beauty.
As Gandhi died not long
after this photo shoot, it
remains as one of his last
4) .
Carleton Watkins
California, U.S.A., 1861
Margaret Bourke-White
India, 1946
Will Counts
Arkansas, U.S.A., 1957
A young black woman was
making her way through
the 5) crowd
while a young white
woman was yelling at her.
The two women reunited
to speak about peace at
the 40th anniversary of the
school 7)
effort.
This reflects the time
when the Southern states
continued to create
6) schools
on the basis of race.
We can see society
is headed in the right
direction thanks to the
power of courage, equality,
and 8) .
Will Counts
Arkansas, U.S.A., 1997
Reader's Review
210 Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos
Carleton Watkins
Will Counts
Q: How did you feel when you found out your photos
motivated people to preserve beautiful landscapes?
Q: Why do you think Gandhi’s secretaries made you
learn how to use a spinning wheel?
A:
Q: What do you think of the school segregation policy
in Arkansas in the 1950s?
A:
A:
Margaret Bourke-White
 If Carleton Watkins hadn’t taken the pictures of Yosemite,
.
 If Margaret Bourke-White had failed to take the portrait of Gandhi,
.
 If Will Counts hadn’t arranged the reunion of Eckford and Massery,
.
B Pretend you are the photographer of each picture and answer the questions.
C Imagine the following situations and complete the sentences with your own words.
Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos 211
Without Mother
Charles E. Fitzgerald
I can never repay her for all that she’s done,
I’m just thankful that I am her son.
Without my mom, I would have failed life’s test.
Thanks again, Mom. You’re the very best.
My mom taught me the right way to live.
She showed me how to love and how to give.
Without my mom, I would have gone the wrong way.
Thanks again, Mom, more than I can say.
Grammar Points in Use
Read and Notice Notice the grammar points of the structures in bold.
A
Check Choose the grammatically correct words to complete each sentence.
1. I moved from my old house, ( which / where ) I lived for 15 years.
2. It was the advertisement ( that / what ) urged me to buy the concert ticket.
Find More Examples Find the sentences in the main text with the same structures
and usages as above.
Find More Examples Find the sentences in the main text with the same structure
and usage as above.
Practice Change the given sentence using the same grammatical structure as
above.
If it had not been for your help, I would have failed.
→ your help, I .
 I visited my hometown, where I met my old friend.
Emily and Ryan often go to the park, where they enjoy a peaceful time.
 It is the driver that is responsible for the accident.
It is the ring that my mother gave me when I left my hometown.
Discovering Grammar
Read and Notice Notice the structures in bold.
B
Focus on Form
212 Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos
1. Do you know the name of the girl? The girl is standing in front of the gate.
→
2. A few days after the interview, I received a letter. The letter offered me the job.
→
3. Look at the puppy! The puppy is chasing after a cat.
→
Sentence Building
Combine the given sentences as in the example.
B
Example
Is the boy your brother? The boy is shooting a ball.
→ Is the boy shooting a ball your brother?
Read the sentences focusing on the phrases in bold. Then write your own sentences
using the phrases above.
1. I tried to wear a smile during the interview.
2. You should wear a seat belt when you are driving.
3. The museum displays photos of wonderful landscapes.
4. We stood with our arms around each other’s shoulders to pose for a photo.
Your Own
1.
2.
glasses
a smile
a frown
a seat belt
wear
take
frame
display
pose for
a photo
A Word Building
Ready to Write
Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos 213
Generate Ideas
Choose a photo of your family or friends. Then think about the following questions.
A
 Writing a Descriptive Paragraph
Organize Ideas
Complete the following to describe your photo.
B
Introduction of the Photo
Description of Each Person
Description of the Background
Feelings about the Photo
 Who is in the photo?
 Where was the photo taken?
 When was the photo taken?
 Why is the photo important
to you?
 What was happening when the
photo was being taken?
Writing Workshop
214 Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos
Feelings
about the Photo
Description of
Each Person
Description of
the Background
Topic
Sentence
Analyze Model Writing
Read a student’s descriptive paragraph about her photo.
C
Write Your Own
Write your own paragraph.
D
This photo captures my family’s
happiest moment of seven years ago,
during our vacation in France. We
were in a park on a sunny day. The
woman wearing a blue jacket is my
mother. She is smiling broadly. The
man in a yellow shirt is my father. He is carrying my brother on
his back. My brother is having fun pulling my mother’s hat down
over her eyes. Finally, the girl with a handkerchief on her head is me!
Whenever I see this picture, it makes me feel happy. It reminds me of
the wonderful time my family had on that trip.
This is one of my favorite photos.
It captures
Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos 215
Listening Listen to the speakers and number the pictures that they are talking
about.
A
Do It Yourself
Speaking Number the sentences in the correct order. Then act out the completed
conversation with your partner.
B
I’m going to participate in the photography camp.
Great! By the way, what are your reasons for taking photos?
Yes, there is. You can take the ‘Landscape in My Camera’ class.
Hey, John. What are you going to do this summer?
Really? I’m also interested in taking photos. Could you tell me more about the camp?
Sure, the camp is for youth aged 17-19, and there are several classes you can choose.
I see. I’m interested in taking landscape photos. Is there any class related to that?
I am a member of a broadcasting club. So I decided to take the ‘Be a Reporter’ class.
a. b.
c. d.
216 Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos
C Reading Read the paragraph and answer the following questions.
On that day, Counts photographed them once again in front of Little Rock Central
High School, but this time, they were smiling at each other, standing side by side. Although
this was the first time the two women had met face to face, it was not the first time they had
spoken. Massery had called Eckford on the phone years earlier and apologized for what she
had done 40 years prior.
Without these two photos, we do not have such a clear example of changing racial
attitudes toward African-Americans in the U.S.A. The photos show us that the world may
not be perfect, but society is headed in thanks to the power of courage,
equality, and forgiveness.
1. Correct the grammatical error of “do not have.”
2. Which can be the best for the blank?
a. the racial conflict b. the economic growth
c. the right direction d. the segregation policy
D Writing Write a paragraph describing the picture based on the given information.
Who are in the photo? Tina, Missy, and me
When was the photo taken? last winter
What did you do there?
We had a great time at
the snow-covered park.
How do you feel about the
photo?
It reminds me of an
unforgettable memory
with my best friends.
Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos 217
A Photo Exhibition!
Step 1 Make a small group. T hink of a concept for a photo shoot.
Step 3 Collect each group’s photos and have a class photo exhibition.
Step 2 Plan the details of your group’s photo shoot to clarify the concept.
When Where
Who How
We’d like to create a band
for our group’s concept.
We want to show different
types of occupations. The theme of our group is
going to be “Go Crazy!”
Theme
Project
218 Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos
T h e N a t i o n a l
Geographic has been
known for bringing
a w a r e n e s s a b o u t
natural resources and the planet since 1888. It has
inspired millions of people to pay closer attention to
their environment. By capturing brilliant images of
our world, National Geographic sets the standard for
photographic excellence. In addition, it invites many
photographers to participate in its contest. There are
three categories in the contest: people, places, and
nature.
World Famous Photos
Search the Internet for other photo exhibitions. Share what you find with your class.
Search
Magnum Photos
was founded by four
photographers in 1947.
They had witnessed
some harsh realities
during World War II. Their work was
shown in Life Magazine and they became
the voice of what was happening in the
war. After the war ended, they established
a company called Magnum Photos to
work independently and protect the
rights of its members to own their work.
It encouraged photographers to cover
a subject with their individual points of
view.
Wo r l d P r e s s P h o t o i s a
nonprofit organization founded
in 1955. It supports professional
press photography by holding the
largest international competition
once a year. The awards ceremony
i s h e l d i n A m s t e r d a m , t h e
Netherlands. After the contest,
the award-winning photographs
are displayed at a traveling
exhibition in 40 countries. A book
presenting all award-winning
work is published in six languages
every year.
Culture
Lesson 8 l Important Moments in Photos 219
Appendix
Learning Diary 222
Answer Keys 230
Transcripts 244
Word Formation 262
New Words 264
New Phrases 268
Sources 270
222 Learning Diary
Learning Diary Lesson 1 Learning Smarter
Free write about what you remember from this lesson. Pop
Up
Evaluating
1. I was enthusiastic while learning the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
2. I thoroughly understand what I’ve learned from the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
3. I can use expressions I learned from the lesson in other situations, too. 1 2 3 4 5
I’m planning to exercise regularly.
Your Own
Listening & Speaking
 How can I learn English more effectively?
Your Own
1. What is the topic of the lecture of the main text?
→
2. What are the four tips on how to learn more efficiently?
→
3. What did you learn about how your brain works?
→
4. Which of the four tips do you want to practice in this semester?
→
Reading
It looks like you’re under stress at work.
Vocabulary Complete the sentence with the appropriate form of a word from the box.
tremendous efficient attentiveness progress resistant
1. John often comes late, which ( bother / bothers ) Susan.
2. We won’t learn unless we ( challenge / don’t challenge ) ourselves.
3. I want to learn how ( swim / to swim ) well.
Grammar Choose the grammatically correct words to complete each sentence.
1. Complete the sentence with the word from the box.
Whenever I get stressed, I sing songs to stress.
2. Write a sentence using the same grammatical structure as the example in bold.
Example Mina meditates every morning to relax her mind.
→
Writing
achieve cause set release
Learning Diary 223
Lesson 2 You Are a Blessing!
Free write about what you remember from this lesson. Pop
Up
Evaluating
1. I was enthusiastic while learning the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
2. I thoroughly understand what I’ve learned from the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
3. I can use expressions I learned from the lesson in other situations, too. 1 2 3 4 5
It is important that you accept yourself as you are.
Your Own
Listening & Speaking
 I’m worried about being bullied by other students.
Your Own
1. What was the major event in the main text?
→
2. What did you learn about the Hindu Caste System in India?
→
3. Which part of the main text do you think best shows the change of Tara’s feeling toward Ma?
→
4. Which character of the main text do you like most? And why?
→
Reading
My face became dark with .
Vocabulary Complete the sentence with the appropriate form of a word from the box.
cruel holy furious rage curl
1. My phone woke up me in the middle of the night. →
2. The man is such cheerful a person that he makes other people happy. →
3. Walked along the street, I met a friend of mine. →
Grammar Correct the grammatical errors in each sentence.
1. Complete the sentence with the word from the box.
Thanks for your honest on my presentation.
2. Write a sentence using the same grammatical structure as the example in bold.
Example My teacher is so open-minded that he always considers other people’s ideas.
→
Writing
application opinion attempt apology
224 Learning Diary
Lesson 3 Movie and Technology
Free write about what you remember from this lesson.
Listening & Speaking
Pop
Up
I think the lovely characters make the movie interesting.
Your Own
I understand your point, but I don’t agree with you.
Your Own
Evaluating
1. I was enthusiastic while learning the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
2. I thoroughly understand what I’ve learned from the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
3. I can use expressions I learned from the lesson in other situations, too. 1 2 3 4 5
1. What did you learn about movie technology from the main text?
→
2. How was Gollum created in The Lord of the Rings?
→
3. What was the major improvement of capturing facial expressions in Beowulf?
→
4. How was motion capture transformed into performance capture in Avatar?
→
Reading
It isn’t easy to the weather accurately.
Vocabulary Complete the sentence with the appropriate form of a word from the box.
predict advanced insert subtle generate
1. My family watched the movie ( enjoying / enjoyed ) the technology of it.
2. Michelle worked hard, so that she ( could / couldn’t ) be promoted to manager.
3. I’ll do ( however / whatever ) I can do to help you.
Grammar Choose the grammatically correct words to complete each sentence.
1. Complete the sentence with the appropriate word.
I watched a recently released film. The characters gave me a(n) impression.
2. Write a sentence using the same grammatical structure as the example in bold.
Example I keep trying even though I know it is impossible.
→
Writing
Learning Diary 225
Lesson 4 Language in Life
Free write about what you remember from this lesson. Pop
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Evaluating
1. I was enthusiastic while learning the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
2. I thoroughly understand what I’ve learned from the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
3. I can use expressions I learned from the lesson in other situations, too. 1 2 3 4 5
I learn Chinese to communicate with my Chinese friends.
Your Own
Listening & Speaking
 I have difficulty understanding when people speak quickly.
Your Own
1. Find the part in the main text that shows the limitations of the English of the writer’s mother.
→
2. What do you think about the way people treated the writer’s mother because of her English?
→
3. Think about all the “Englishes” you encounter in your daily life. What are the differences among them?
→
4. What attitude do you think is needed to communicate people who use different kinds of English?
→
Reading
Contrary to my , he won the game.
Vocabulary Complete the sentence with the appropriate form of a word from the box.
evidence precise expectation hesitate observation
1. The girl saw a sick animal ( in / life / danger / whose / was ). →
2. I feel ashamed of ( lied / the / fact / I / that ). →
3. I remember ( when / met / the time / we ) for the first time. →
Grammar Put the given words in the correct order to complete each sentence.
1. Complete the sentence with the appropriate word.
The accident still remains a(an) experience in my memory.
2. Write a sentence using the same grammatical structure as the example in bold.
Example When I was younger, I used to visit my uncle every weekend.
→
Writing
226 Learning Diary
Lesson 5 A Life Worth Living
Free write about what you remember from this lesson. Pop
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Evaluating
1. I was enthusiastic while learning the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
2. I thoroughly understand what I’ve learned from the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
3. I can use expressions I learned from the lesson in other situations, too. 1 2 3 4 5
I want to be a singer to inspire people with my voice.
Your Own
Listening & Speaking
 What do you think is important when choosing a career?
Your Own
1. What changed the way Stephen felt about his job in the main text?
→
2. What is the concept of contrafreeloading?
→
3. What do you think the main text suggests as the great motivations at work?
→
4. Have you ever spent time or energy even if you didn’t have to? If you have, why?
→
Reading
Amy not preparing for the test earlier.
Vocabulary Complete the sentence with the appropriate form of a word from the box.
compliment regret earn reward recognize
1. The girl what I met yesterday is my best friend. →
2. I regret to buy that new computer, since it breaks down often. →
3. You need to change the way how you eat to stay in shape. →
Grammar Correct the grammatical errors in each sentence.
1. Complete the sentence with the appropriate word.
Thanks to my experiences, I could a teaching position.
2. Write a sentence using the same grammatical structure as the example in bold.
Example Walking on tiptoe, I approached the window.
→
Writing
Learning Diary 227
Lesson 6 Living with Nature
Free write about what you remember from this lesson. Pop
Up
Evaluating
1. I was enthusiastic while learning the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
2. I thoroughly understand what I’ve learned from the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
3. I can use expressions I learned from the lesson in other situations, too. 1 2 3 4 5
I prefer to spend my free time outdoors.
Your Own
Listening & Speaking
Compared to the city, there’s a stronger sense of community in the country.
Your Own
1. According to the main text, what is being nature smart?
→
2. According to the main text, what are the benefits of being nature smart?
→
3. What was the most impressive part about Julia’s childhood in the main text to you?
→
4. Compare your childhood with that of Julia. How are they similar or different?
→
Reading
Julia was not as as her peers by fancy new stuff.
Vocabulary Complete the sentence with the appropriate form of a word from the box.
interact detect creature fascinated attract
1. Having confidence means ( have / having ) belief in your ability.
2. When my parents were away, my grandmother ( might / would ) take care of me.
3. Home education is as important ( as / than ) school education.
Grammar Choose the grammatically correct words to complete each sentence.
1. Complete the sentence with the appropriate words.
Participating in a(n) will give you memories of your school days.
2. Write a sentence using the same grammatical structure as the example in bold.
Example Tommy will clean the living room and then do his homework.
→
Writing
228 Learning Diary
Free write about what you remember from this lesson.
Listening & Speaking
Pop
Up
Evaluating
1. I was enthusiastic while learning the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
2. I thoroughly understand what I’ve learned from the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
3. I can use expressions I learned from the lesson in other situations, too. 1 2 3 4 5
Lesson 7 Save the Earth
Make sure you don’t put your computer in direct sunlight.
Your Own
Waste has harmful effects on the animals living in the ocean.
Your Own
1. According to the main text, what is e-waste?
→
2. What are the harmful effects of e-waste in the manufacturing process?
→
3. What kinds of dangers are people disposing of e-waste in poor countries exposed to?
→
4. According to the main text, how can you contribute to solving the problems caused by e-waste?
→
Reading
Breathing the dirty air can our health.
Vocabulary Complete the sentence with the appropriate form of a word from the box.
pollution threaten dispose contribute ban
1. ( treated / not / immediately / if ), the patient will take a turn for the worse. →
2. The woman ( her / got / hair / colored ) for a change. →
3. Make sure you turn off the water ( are / the dishes / while / washing / you ). →
Grammar Put the given words in the correct order to complete each sentence.
1. Complete the sentence with the appropriate words.
Civil organizations try to a change to the environment for future generations.
2. Write a sentence using the same grammatical structure as the example in bold.
Example One cannot taste pleasure unless one has once experienced trouble and pain.
→
Writing
Learning Diary 229
Lesson 8 Important Moments in Photos
Free write about what you remember from this lesson. Pop
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Evaluating
1. I was enthusiastic while learning the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
2. I thoroughly understand what I’ve learned from the lesson. 1 2 3 4 5
3. I can use expressions I learned from the lesson in other situations, too. 1 2 3 4 5
Listening & Speaking
What are your reasons for taking photos?
Your Own
 What do you think about this photo?
Your Own
1. Who are the three photographers that were introduced in the main text?
→
2. What is the historic meaning of each photo in the main text?
→
3. What do you think would have happened if each photographer had not taken the photos in the main text?
→
4. What did you learn about the power that photos have from the main text?
→
Reading
There are many things you can do to the environment.
Vocabulary Complete the sentence with the appropriate form of a word from the box.
preserve struggle request attempt refuse
1. My family went to the park, which we took many pictures. →
2. It was yesterday what I heard the good news. →
3. Without my teacher’s advice, I would have fail. →
Grammar Correct the grammatical errors in each sentence.
1. Put the given words in the correct order to complete the sentence.
( should / the car / wear / in / a seat belt / you ).
→
2. Write a sentence using the same grammatical structure as the example in bold.
Example Who is the girl speaking in public?
→
Writing
230 Answer Keys
Lesson 1 Learning Smarter
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1 pp.14 – 15
A d c e a b
B 1st c 2nd b
C 1. 1) exercise 2) diet 3) musical instrument
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2 pp.16 – 17
B 1st a 2nd d
C 1. 1) comprehend 2) Review 3) memorizing
4) extensively
Real-life Listening p.18
1. d
2. b c d
Speaking Zone p.19
Step 3
Sample
On the day before the test, Byeongho stayed up
late at night. He woke up so late that he had to skip
breakfast and go to school. He fell asleep during the test,
and could not concentrate on the test, feeling hungry.
As a result, he got a poor grade on the test.
Ready to Read pp.20 – 21
A 2. Handling / getting rid of
B 1. Sample
– turning off a phone which can be a distraction
– having a break after one study session
Reading pp.22 – 26
Q1. Sample I decided to make study plans.
Q2. It hinders us from learning efficiently.
Q3. It can help us learn by reducing the chemicals our
bodies produce under stress.
Q4. First, it perceives the subject in the entire figure or
pattern all at once, and then starts to sort out the details.
Q5. Sample When I read a book, I can get an overview of
the book reading the titles of the chapters, and then
start to read the specific contents of each one.
Q6. We need to pay conscious attention to what we are
learning.
Q7. Sample I memorize words by reviewing them before
I forget their meanings.
Q8. It’s much easier to recall the words the next time we
need them.
Reader’s Review pp.28 – 29
A Topic Sentence:
Sample People can learn more effectively by keeping
the mind and body fit, narrowing down details from
larger topics, focusing on what is taught, and staying
motivated.
1) Chronic 2) eliminates 3) sleeping
4) multitasking 5) conscious 6) boost
B Sample
I’ll exercise regularly to reduce stress. It’ll be helpful for
better learning.
C Sample
1. I think it’s because each learning method requires
different levels of participation. It seems that students
learn better when they participate more in the
learning process.
2. I prefer to use audiovisual material when learning
and have discussions with my friends. It helps me
remember what I’ve learned later.
D Sample
I don’t think multitasking is useful because we cannot pay
attention to a thing if we do many things at the same
time. It will prevent us from making what we learn be a
part of our long-term memory.
Focus on Form p.30
A [Check] 1. demonstrates 2. walk
[Find More Examples]
 (p.23, L5) ..., your body will release too much
adrenaline and cortisol, which decreases
your capacity to learn.
 (p.23, L5) Unless you react properly ..., which
decreases your capacity to learn.
B [Practice]
Sample
- I don’t know what to cook for the birthday party.
- I want to learn how to take good photos.
[Find More Examples]
(p.22, L3) For this reason, I would like to give you some
helpful tips on how to learn more efficiently.
Ready to Write p.31
A Sample
1. Lucy has finally achieved her goal that she set years ago.
2. Fit people are better in coping with stress.
Answer Keys
Answer Keys 231
B 1. I made this cake to surprise my mother.
2. Emily went to the airport to see her friend off.
3. Matt devotes himself to studying to pass the university
entrance exam.
4. Sample
I woke up early to go jogging before school.
Writing Workshop pp.32 – 33
B Sample
 Goal: I’ll improve my English skills.
 Motivation: I need to speak English fluently to
participate in a volunteer program abroad.
 Plan 1: I’ll read a newspaper in English every day.
 Plan 2: I’ll watch movies and animation in English.
 Expected Result: Reading newspapers and watching
movies in English will help me improve my English
skills a lot.
D Sample
My goal for the new semester is to improve my
English skills. I made up my mind to go abroad to
participate in a volunteer program someday. That’s why
I need to speak English fluently. To improve my English
skills, I will read newspapers in English. I will be able
to learn new words which are used these days naturally.
Second, I will watch movies and animations in English.
By doing so, I can have fun and relieve my stress. I
believe reading newspapers and watching movies in
English will help me improve my English skills a lot and
reach my goal.
Do It Yourself pp.34 – 35
A c, f, g
B – b – d – c – a
C 1. is → are
2. It means looking at the big picture first and then
choosing a smaller part to focus on.
D Sample
After reading the main text, I realized that the brain
plays an important role in learning. It’s very important
to reduce stress to boost brain power. In addition to
that, I made two plans to make my brain function best.
First, I’ll exercise more regularly. I’ll be able to reduce
stress by exercising every day. Second, I will eat healthy
foods with protein. It’ll boost the ability of my brain to
work. I’ll try hard to achieve my goal by sticking to the
plan.
Lesson 2 You Are a Blessing!
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1 pp.40 – 41
A c b d a
B 1st b 2nd d
C 1. Recall the good things people say about you. / Accept
yourself as you are. / Build good relationships with
others.
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2 pp.42 – 43
B 1st b 2nd d
C 1. Forget / Leave / Openly / Apply / Tell
Real-life Listening p.44
1. 1) discouraged 2) take courage 3) feel so small
4) Shining through 5) be afraid 6) Like a rainbow
Speaking Zone p.45
Step 2 1 ) relationships 2) 70 3) parents
4) siblings 5) 20 6) appearance
Ready to Read pp.46 – 47
A 2. furious / smashed
B 1. 1) New Delhi
2) Sample curry
3) over 1.2 billion people (in 2010)
4) Hinduism
5) Hindi
2. 1) Sample I think that’s because they’re outside of all
other castes and considered too dirty to be touched.
2) Sample I guess they are not treated equally with
people of other castes.
Reading pp.48 – 53
Q1. Sample I think Tara must have felt disappointed.
Q2. Sample I think that’s because she was not a Brahmin.
Q3. Sample I guess that’s because she got hurt by the
words of Biren and couldn’t be as steady as usual.
Q4. Sample I think that’s because Dadu wanted to say
that all people are valuable and cheer Tara up.
Q5. Didi asked Tara to watch Ma while she went to get
Dr. Ghoshal.
Q6. Because she thought she had caused Ma to have a
stroke by breaking the pot she had made.
232 Answer Keys
Q7. Ma asked Tara to go into the prayer room and get her
the holy water.
Q8. Sample They might have felt warm inside.
Reader’s Review pp.54 – 55
A 1) told her ugly words 2) went to Dadu
3) made a pot 4) smashed the pot
5) had a stroke 6) grabbed her hand
B c
C Sample
Tara A: I was hurt because I had never heard such
words said to my face.
Didi A: Because Ma did not allow Tara in when she
was in the house.
Biren A: Because she belonged to the lower class called
“untouchables.”
Dadu A: Because I wanted to see how Tara was feeling
then.
Ma A: Because I felt sorry for what I had done to
Tara.
D Sample
Didi came back with Dr. Ghoshal to take Ma to the
hospital. She seemed surprised to see Ma holding my
hand. She also told me she was very sorry if she had been
unkind. We all went to the hospital together. I held Ma’s
hand all the way.
Focus on Form p.56
A [Check] 1. takes them off 2. such
[Find More Examples]
 (p.48, L4) One day, Tara goes to Didi’s house to clean,
but Didi doesn’t let her in.
(p.52, L2) Didi opened the door and sucked me in like
a whirlpool.
 (p.50, L2) He is a wise man; he explains things in
such a simple way that even Biren would
understand them.
B [Practice]
Running to school, I dropped all the stuff in my bag.
[Find More Examples]
(p.50, L4) When I got there, he was sitting at his wheel,
shaping clay with his fingers.
(p.50, L15) I took the clay from Dadu and threw it onto
the wheel, pushing it to the center.
Ready to Write p.57
A Sample
1. Kate expressed a similar opinion as mine.
2. I’ll gladly accept the job offer as an English teacher.
B 1. Homin is so creative that he always has brilliant ideas.
2. Subin is so shy that she usually listens more than she
talks.
3. Nick is so confident that he feels sure about his own
abilities.
4. Sample I’m so positive that I try to find good sides
in difficult situations.
Writing Workshop pp.58 – 59
B Sample
 I’m a shy person.
 I feel
uncomfortable
around many
people.
 I’m very
bright and
cheerful.
 I easily make
friends
with people
around me.
 I’m very
patient.
 I don’t give
up things
easily.
What I Think of Myself What My Friends
Think of Me
D Sample
There are some similarities and differences between
what I think of myself and what my friends think of
me. Many of my friends say I’m so patient that I can
continue doing something without giving up. That’s
what I think of myself, too. On the other hand, some
of my friends say I’m so bright and cheerful that I easily
make friends with people around me, but that’s not true.
In fact, I’m so shy that I get uncomfortable when I’m
around many people. Still, I feel happy that my friends
say such good things about me. Their positive words
about me helped me boost my self-esteem.
Do It Yourself pp.60 – 61
A 1) volunteer 2) look after 3) self-esteem
B 1 / 4 / 7 / 8 / 5 / 2 / 3 / 6
C 1. (A) rage (B) best (C) dark
2. Sample It means that people are born equal.
Answer Keys 233
D Sample
You
- easy-going, good at
sports
- enjoying doing
things without a plan
Your Friend
- easy-going, good at
sports
- making plans before
doing them
There are some similarities and differences between
me and my friend, Jisu. Both of us are easy-going people
and good at sports. We often play soccer or basketball
together after school. On the other hand, Jisu is so
organized that he makes a plan before doing something.
However, I prefer to be free and enjoy doing things that
I’ve never planned before. For example, when we go to
a trip together, Jisu makes a schedule beforehand for the
trip, but I don’t.
Lesson 3 Movie and Technology
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1 pp.66 – 67
A c a d
B 1st b 2nd b
C 1. 1) interesting 2) characters 3) visual effects
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2 pp.68 – 69
B 1st b 2nd c
C 1. 1) hide 2) cyber bullying
3) convenient 4) access
Real-life Listening p.70
1. d
2. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T
Speaking Zone p.71
Step 1
1) is ranked highest 2) The next most preferred
3) holds third place 4) the least popular
Ready to Read pp.72 – 73
A 2. special equipment / realistic
B 1. 1) Sample I think they’re wearing special equipment
to match their movements to characters.
2) Sample People can enjoy the dynamic action of
the characters which are not human beings.
2. Sample
 Avatar – high cost, special effects, special equipment,
dynamic action, 3-dimensions
 My Neighbor Totoro – moving story, warm atmosphere,
hand-drawing, animated film
Reading pp.74 – 78
Q1. Two advanced movie technologies, motion capture
and facial capture, make the character look very
natural.
Q2. Animators simply film actors performing a motion
and draw the characters onto each individual frame
of the movie. Or they put tiny markers all over actors’
bodies, and record their movements using several
cameras.
Q3. The actor provided Gollum’s voice and filmed scenes
with other actors while wearing a white suit. Then he
wore a dark suit with reflective balls on it to perform
Gollum’s movements.
Q4. The actor’s eye movements could not be captured.
Q5. He attached electrodes to each actor’s face in order to
sense the muscles that control the eye movement.
Q6. It was directing the film while the actors were moving
around the set, just like in a live-action movie.
Q7. Some experts speculate that film-making technologies
will create a new genre of film. Others even wonder
about the possibility of bringing dead actors back to
“life” on the screen.
Reader’s Review pp.80 – 81
A 1) reflective balls 2) facial expressions
3) eye movement 4) a facial camera
5) a virtual landscape
Topic Sentence:
Sample The sustained development of film-making
technologies lets viewers appreciate more dynamic and
realistic movies.
C Sample
Sports – Motion capture technology is used to help
sports players improve their postures to show better
performances in games.
234 Answer Keys
Focus on Form p.82
A [Check] 1. watching 2. so
[Find More Examples]
 (p.77, L9) The actors performing as the Na’vi wore
motion capture suits and their performances
were filmed in a warehouse.
 (p.75, L8) The actor provided Gollum’s voice and
filmed scenes with other actors while
wearing a white suit, so that he could be
digitally inserted later.
B [Practice]
Sample
Whatever I say, you’re always against my opinion.
[Find More Examples]
(p.78, L15) Whatever the future holds, it seems certain
that ... of movie technology.
Ready to Write p.83
A Sample
1. Spiderman is my favorite character. That’s why I’m
collecting toys of him.
2. Jessie made a strong impression on me from the first
time I met him.
B 1. Even though I had met James only once, he
remembered me.
2. I want to buy the jacket even though the price of it is
expensive.
3. Even though I’m leaving my hometown, I’ll never
forget my friends and neighbors.
Writing Workshop pp.84 – 85
B Sample
 Title: The Avengers
 Characters: Iron Man, Hulk, Thor, Captain America,
Hawk Eye and Black Widow
 Plot: Loki, an evil character, threatens the life on the
planet, so the heroes get together to save the
world from disaster.
 Favorite Scene: It’s the last scene in which the heroes
fight against Loki together.
 Overall Feelings: I was excited by the dynamic action.
D Sample
The Avengers is one of my favorite movies. This movie
is about 6 heroes, including Iron Man, Hulk, Thor,
Captain America, Hawk Eye and Black Widow. When
the life on the planet is threatened by Loki, an evil
character, the heroes get together to save the world from
disaster. My favorite scene is the last battle between the
heroes and Loki. Fighting against Loki, the heroes show
great teamwork and succeed to save the world. I felt very
excited watching the dynamic actions of the heroes.
Do It Yourself pp.86 – 87
A d
B – a – b – c
C 1. 
2. They created the character, Gollum, using the
motion capture technology.
D Sample
I’d like to recommend I Am Sam. The genre of the
movie is drama. It also shows warm-hearted characters.
Even though there are some people who comment this
movie is boring, I like this movie because it depicts the
love of family. I had a wonderful impression watching
this movie, and I hope you will do so!
Lesson 4 Language in Life
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1 pp.92 – 93
B 1st b 2nd c
C 1. 1) communicate with 2) work with people
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2 pp.94 – 95
B 1st d 2nd d
C 1. 1) communicate in Korean
2) have difficulty understanding
3) grasp the meaning
Real-life Listening p.96
1. a
2. b
Answer Keys 235
Speaking Zone p.97
Step 1 Sample
1. I started learning English when I was ten years old.
2. It is most difficult for me to write sentences with correct
grammar.
3. I keep a diary in English and ask my teacher to check for
errors to overcome the difficulty.
4. My final goal is to communicate with people from other
countries freely in English.
Step 2 Sample
I started learning English when I was ten years old.
In studying English, it is most difficult for me to write
sentences with correct grammar. To overcome the
difficulty, I keep a diary in English. My final goal in
learning English is to communicate with people from
other countries freely in English.
Step 3 Sample
I t ’s d i f f i c u l t to
pronounce English
words correctly.
Difficulties
Fi n d t h e c o r r e c t
pronunciations of them
in the dictionary.
Solutions
⇨
Ready to Read pp.98 – 99
A 1. 1) standard 2) prove
3) limited 4) expectation
5) translate 6) precise
2. pretended / imperfect
B 2. Sample
Language is a tool through which we can think, feel
and communicate.
Reading pp.100 – 105
Q1. She thinks it can make us imagine an emotion, an
image, or an idea.
Q2. They describe it as “broken” or “limited” English.
Q3. People in stores did not give Amy’s mother good
service, pretending not to understand her or even
acting as if they did not hear her.
Q4. She wanted to use her daughter’s English because she
knew the limitations of her English as well.
Q5. For Amy, math tests have precise answers while
English tests are a matter of opinion and personal
experience.
Q6. Perhaps it can be because the English they use at
home is described as “broken” or “limited.”
Q7. To Amy, her mother’s English is perfectly clear and
natural.
Q8. She began to write stories using all the “Englishes” she
grew up with.
Reader’s Review pp.106 – 107
A 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
B 1) incorrect 2) ashamed
3) standard 4) thoughts
5) insights 6) affected
7) prove 8) crafted
D Sample
 I agree because English is used in many different
countries in this global era. It cannot but be affected by
the style of individual speakers who use English.
 I don’t agree because English has its own style. We
should try to speak standard British or American
English to communicate without troubles.
Focus on Form p.108
A [Check] 1. whose 2. that
[Find More Examples]
 (p.101, L1) I grew up listening to my Chinese mother
whose English is grammatically incorrect.
(p.104, L7) ... there are other Asian American families
whose English spoken at their home might
be described as “broken” or “limited.”
 (p.103, L4) ... people’s opinion that my true abilities
lay in math and science.
B [Practice]
Sample
There are times when I need someone to talk.
[Find More Examples]
(p.101, L7) There were times when I was ashamed of her
English.
Ready to Write p.109
A Sample
1. I’m sure it’ll be a rewarding experience to do the work.
2. More than ten people were killed in the traffic
accident.
B 1. Natalie used to have toast every morning, but she
has changed to eating nuts instead.
2. Byron used to imitate others, but he has found the
intrinsic value of himself.
236 Answer Keys
3. Sample
I used to play tennis a lot, but I don’t play much
these days.
Writing Workshop pp.110 – 111
B Sample
Before
 I used to underestimate the importance of learning
foreign languages.
Experience
 When and Where: I went to China on a school trip
last year.
 Who: My friends and I got lost on the street.
 What: One of my friends asked directions in
Chinese.
After
 I began to study foreign languages harder.
D Sample
When I was in middle school, I used to
underestimate the importance of learning foreign
languages. I thought it was useless to put a lot of efforts
into learning them. However, my thought changed
last year when I went to China with my friends on a
school trip. During the trip, some of my friends and I
took a wrong way and got lost on the street. We were
very worried about that we might not be able to get
back home. At the moment, one of my friends, who
had learned Chinese, tried to ask directions in Chinese.
Luckily, we could meet our classmates again thanks to
the directions my friend received. It was an unexpected
accident, but became a valuable experience to me. Since
then, I have been more interested in learning foreign
languages and have studied harder.
Do It Yourself pp.112 – 113
A choosing the right words / speaking at normal speed /
understanding each other’s culture
B 1 / 6 / 4 / 2 / 3 / 7 / 5
C 1. a
2. as if
D Sample
In my family, my sister is the person who influenced
me a lot. I was twelve years old when she was born.
Since then, it has been my job to take care of her. At
that time, I didn’t care much about her safety. One day,
I put buttons near my sister. Suddenly, I heard my sister
crying. I went to her and found that she had swallowed
one of them. Shocked, I brought her to the clinic. The
doctor gave some medicine to her and made her throw
out the button. It was a terrible accident that could have
killed my sister. After that accident, I changed to pay
more attention to my sister. It became an unforgettable
experience that made me become a more careful person.
Lesson 5 A Life Worth Living
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1 pp.118 – 119
B 1st d 2nd d
C 1. 1) cheer 2) improve
3) goal 4) inspire
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2 pp.120 – 121
B 1st c 2nd b
C 1. 1, 4
Real-life Listening p.122
1. c
2. d
Speaking Zone p.123
Step 2 most / by / While / On the other hand
Ready to Read pp.124 – 125
A 2. shake / meaning
B 1. Sample
1) I think I need to be more determined to succeed
in my future career.
2) I’ll motivate my employees by giving them
compliments when they perform well.
2. Sample
working atmosphere / physical environment
Answer Keys 237
Reading pp.126 – 130
Q1. Sample I would feel very disappointed.
Q2. The experience of working so hard without any
apparent outcome had changed the way Stephen
felt about his job.
Q3. He was not happy because he couldn’t shake the
feeling that his work was basically meaningless.
Q4. Both of their work ended up being useless.
Q5. It was created by an animal psychologist called
Glen Jensen to describe how many animals prefer
to “earn” a meal.
Q6. The food stopped coming out.
Q7. It could lazily eat the food in the cup, or work to
acquire food by pressing the bar.
Q8. According to economists, individuals always pursue
the greatest reward with the least effort. However,
animals in Jensen’s studies chose to work when they
could have had the same food for free.
Reader’s Review pp.132 – 133
A 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F
B 1) press the bar
2) eat food without any effort
3) ignore the freely accessible food
4) contradict economists’ views
C Sample
1. He thinks the behavior of the rats in the experiment is
quite different from that of humans.
2. I agree with the writer of the main text. I think people
enjoy the excitement of getting something they want
as a result of their own action.
Focus on Form p.134
A [Check]
1. what → (which[that])
2. to idle → idling
[Find More Examples]
 (p.127, L6) What if the project (which[that]) I’m
working on next gets canceled, too?
 (p.128, L7) She regretted having put so much time
into it.
B [Practice]
Sample
The Internet has changed the way we communicate with
each other.
[Find More Examples]
(p.126, L17) The experience of working so hard without
any apparent outcome had changed the
way he felt about his job.
Ready to Write p.135
A Sample
1. We’d like to offer you the position of the chief manager.
2. Don’t miss this chance to get a real bargain.
B 1. We enjoyed the splendid view, wandering along the
shore.
2. Peter sat in the chair, drawing a picture of the horses.
3. Lisa stayed awake all night, taking care of her nephew.
Writing Workshop pp.136 – 137
B Sample
- I’m going to apply for the position at computer
graphic designer.
- I need computer skills and an artistic talent.
- I need to major in computer engineering and
graphic art.
- Working for a design or public relation department
of a company or an organization will be helpful for
doing the job.
D Sample
To whom it may concern,
Hello, my name is Chulho Lee. I am writing to apply
for the computer graphic designer position at your
company. I think I fit this work because I have good
computer skills and an artistic talent. I studied computer
engineering and graphic design in university from 2008
to 2011. After graduating from university, I worked for
an advertisement company called Johnson as an intern.
Doing the work, I made many posters and videos that
were used to advertise various products. I think the
time that I worked in the company became a valuable
experience. I sincerely want to have a chance to work
with your company and use my talent for producing
creative works. Thank you very much for reading. I look
forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely,
Chulho Lee
Do It Yourself pp.138 – 139
A c
B – a – c – b – d
C 1. to have → having
238 Answer Keys
2. It’s the magazine Devra edited, which was not printed.
D Sample
To whom it may concern,
Hello, my name is Shinyoung Jang. I am writing to
apply for the software development position of your
company. I think I am an innovative and creative person,
and I enjoy challenging a difficult task. I attended in
South College, Knoxville, Tennessee from 2010 to 2013,
majoring in computer engineering. After graduating
from university, I worked in an IT company for two
months as an intern. I sincerely want to have a chance
to work in your company and use my broad experience
for developing brilliant software especially for physically
challenged people. Thank you very much for your
consideration. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely,
Shinyoung Jang
Lesson 6 Living with Nature
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1 pp.144 – 145
B 1st c 2nd b
C 1. Advantages of Indoor Activities: I can do it anytime. /
I don’t need to carry heavy equipment. / I don’t have
to worry about the weather.
Advantages of Outdoor Activities: I can work out and
stay in shape. / I can release stress in the open air.
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2 pp.146 – 147
A Living in the Country - a, c, d, h
Living in the City - b, e, f, g
B 1st a 2nd a
C 1. 1) fast pace 2) heavy traffic
3) relaxed atmosphere 4) nature
5) community
Real-life Listening p.148
1. d
2. b
Speaking Zone p.149
Step 2 Sample
Sohyeon lives a busy life. She is looking forward to
her vacation in August when she plans to escape from the
city for a while. This year, she will go camping with her
family! She doesn’t really know how to set up a tent or fish
with a net, but her dad will help her. She can’t wait to feel
refreshed in nature. That’s what she’s looking forward to
most of all.
Ready to Read pp.150 – 151
A 2. natural / improves
B 1. Sample
1) I think there is musical intelligence because some
people seem to have been talented in music since
they were very young.
2) I think I have developed naturalistic intelligence
because I love to be in nature.
Reading pp.152 – 156
Q1. It means having the ability to understand and relate
to natural surroundings.
Q2. It is crucial for the intellectual, emotional, social, and
physical development of human beings.
Q3. Immersion in nature can also relieve anxiety and
stress, improve physical health, and enhance
concentration.
Q4. They were rich with the sights, scents, and feelings
that came from paying attention to nature’s details.
Q5. They spent time not only in the mountains, but also
in the natural setting of their own yard.
Q6. Sample blue sky with clouds
Q7. She believes that Julia’s early exposure to nature
played a chief role in Julia’s oral, verbal, and artistic
development.
Reader’s Review pp.158 – 159
A 1) sensitivity 2) interacting
3) exploring 4) intellectual
5) relieving 6) concentration
B a, c, d, e, h
D Sample Grow more plants indoors.
Focus on Form p.160
A [Check] 1. taking 2. would
[Find More Examples]
Answer Keys 239
 (p.152, L1) Being nature smart – also known as having
naturalistic intelligence – means you
have the ability ... and relate to natural
surroundings.
(p.152, L3) This includes possessing a heightened
sensitivity to nature, growing plants, and
interacting well with animals.
 (p.154, L11) ..., I would fill a jar with lightning bugs
and carry it to my room.
(p.155, L4) ‘That one is candlelight,’ Julia would say
as we watched the sunset.
B [Practice]
Sample Emily is as tall as I am.
[Find More Examples]
(p.156, L4) “Julia was not as attracted as her peers by
fancy new stuff ....”
Ready to Write p.161
A Sample
1. I’m going to participate in a dance contest.
2. Lots of vivid memories of the trip still make me
happy.
B 1. I finished my presentation and then asked the
audience if they had any questions.
2. Martha drank a glass of water and then continued her
speech.
3. Timmy looked around a few more shops and then
decided where to buy a cap.
4. My friends and I arrived at the camping zone and
then set up a tent together.
Writing Workshop pp.162 – 163
B Sample
What I Saw
trees, sunrise,
traditional house
What I Did
went to
Hanlim Park,
Seongsan Ilchulbong
When
last year
How I felt
very peaceful
What I learned
the geography
What I Ate of Jeju
raw fish
A Trip to
Jeju Island
D Sample
I participated in the school trip last year and went
to Jeju Island. When we arrived there, we first went to
Hanlim Park which was a beautiful garden. There were
lots of trees which we could not see in the land. Next
morning, we went to Seongsan Ilchulbong and then we
watched a majestic sunrise. After we went down, we
ate some raw fish at the fish market. It was a lot more
delicious than anything I had ever tasted. I also saw some
traditional houses and learned the unique geography of
Jeju. I felt very peaceful looking at the beautiful nature
of Jeju Island and made an unforgettable memory.
Do It Yourself pp.164 – 165
A 1) relax 2) nature 3) low
B 1 / 4 / 3 / 6 / 5 / 2 / 7 / 8
C 1. d
2. (A) possessing
(B) exploring
D Sample
Which field trip do you
remember most?
the field trip with my
classmates
When and where did the
field trip take place?
last spring at the green
tea fields in Boseong
What was the main
purpose of the field trip?
visiting the beautiful
green tea fields
What was the most
memorable about the
field trip?
I was given some small
seeds and a small flower
pot.
Last spring, I went on an incredible field trip with my
classmates. We went to the green tea fields in Boseong!
It was very beautiful there, and the air was fresh. We met
a farmer, who had been growing green tea for his entire
life. He gave us some small seeds and taught us how to
plant them properly in small flower pots. We brought
the pots to our homes at the end of the trip. It’s been
over a year since that field trip, but I still keep that pot
on my window shelf.
Lesson 7 Save the Earth
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1 pp.170 – 171
A c a d b
B 1st c 2nd a
C 1. Do not put it in direct sunlight.
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2 pp.172 – 173
A c b a
240 Answer Keys
B 1st d 2nd d
C 1. 1) exhaust 2) rise 3) disappear 4) storms
Real-life Listening p.174
1. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F
2. Korea – 09:59, The Global Average – 09:01
Speaking Zone p.175
Step 2
2 years / more than / 9.3% / less than
Sample
The chart shows us that almost 3 out of 4 students have
been using their cell phones for less than 3 years.
Ready to Read pp.176 – 177
A 2. is flooded with / discarded
B 1. 1) All of the amounts of computer products that are
generated, disposed of, and recycled are the biggest.
Those of cell phones ranked second, and televisions
are the least produced and dealt with.
2) Sample
I think it is because people easily get tired of the old
ones.
Reading pp.178 – 182
Q1. Because mobile phone companies often offer new
models for low prices, or even for free.
Q2. It refers to discarded electronic devices.
Q3. Nearly 240 kilograms of fossil fuels, 22 kilograms of
chemicals, and 1.5 tons of water are used to produce
one computer.
Q4. It is recklessly buried in landfills.
Q5. They are directly exposed to poisonous substances.
Q6. We can treat our electronic devices with care to make
them last longer. We also need to be familiar with
appropriate ways to dispose of the electronic devices
we own.
Q7. It regulates corporations to control e-waste and
restricts dumping harmful waste in developing
countries.
Q8. They can make electronic devices more eco-friendly
by reducing the amount of poisonous chemicals in
them. Also, they can manufacture products with easily
replaceable parts so that the customers can get their
broken electronic devices repaired.
Reader’s Review pp.184 – 185
A 1) flooded 2) resources 3) landfills 4) toxic
5) Treat 6) dispose 7) Restrict 8) recycling
9) eco-friendly 10) replaceable
Sample Conclusion: We have to understand the severe
problem caused by e-waste, and cooperate with each
other to solve it.
B c, d
C 1 - a / 2 - d / 3 - e / 4 - b / 5 - h / 6 - f / 7 - g / 8 - c
Focus on Form p.186
A [Check] 1. not if → if not
2. repairing → repaired
[Find More Examples]
 (p.179, L14) ... poisonous chemicals can leak into the
soil if not treated properly.
 (p.182, L8) ... so that customers can get their broken
electronic devices repaired and extend their
life cycles.
B [Practice]
While making spaghetti, I listened to music.
[Find More Examples]
(p.180, L10) While smashing electronic devices ..., the
workers are directly exposed to ....
Ready to Write p.187
A Sample
1. We have to preserve the environment for the future
generations.
2. I think teenagers have the power to bring about a
social change.
B 1. Unless you hurry up, you won’t arrive at the airport in
time.
2. Unless you seize the opportunity, you will regret it.
3. Unless you behave properly, no one will want to be
friends with you.
Writing Workshop pp.188 – 189
B Sample
Idea 1: calling for a change in how we deal with our trash
Supporting Detail: We can recycle much more of it.
Idea 2: trying harder to preserve the environment
Supporting Detail: We need more nature preserves for
endangered animals.
Idea 3: conserving resources
Supporting Detail: We can recycle old products.
Answer Keys 241
D Sample
I think it is urgent for us to stop harming nature
and protect it. First, we should call for a change in how
we deal with our trash. Much more of it can actually
be recycled. Second, we need to try harder to preserve
the environment. We have to create more nature
preserves where endangered animals can live. Third, we
should stop damaging the environment and conserve
resources. For example, recycling old products and using
secondhand goods can be helpful. If we all work together
we can make a big difference!
Do It Yourself pp.190 – 191
A d
B – b – c – a
C 1. a
2. B → C → A
D → → → → 
Lesson 8 Important Moments in Photos
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1 pp.196 – 197
B 1st d 2nd b
C 1. 1) landscapes 2) capture
3) reporting 4) sell products
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2 pp.198 – 199
A c b d a
B 1st b 2nd b
C 1. 1) conveys 2) captures 3) reminds
Real-life Listening p.200
1. a
2. d
Speaking Zone p.201
Step 2 Sample
 Title: Faith and Confidence
 Photographer: William C. Beall
 Description: A policeman bent his back as low as a boy’s
height to make close eye contact. This moving photo
shows an interaction between the two people.
Ready to Read pp.202 – 203
A 2. portrait / captures
B 1. Sample
beautiful / eye-catching
2. Sample
1) This photo shows how urgent the situation was.
2) I think the role of a photographer is to record
historic moments.
Reading pp.204 – 208
Q1. He photographed the area’s breathtaking natural
landscapes and distinctive geography.
Q2. Americans believed that humans had the right to
exploit the country’s wilderness.
Q3. She had to learn how to use a spinning wheel by
herself, and was told not to speak to Gandhi. Plus, she
could use only three flashbulbs.
Q4. On her f irst try, the flashbulb broke, and on the
second, she made a mistake with her camera.
Q5. The court declared it was unfair to create separate
schools on the basis of race.
Q6. They joined together to speak about peace in honor of
the 40th anniversary of the school desegregation effort.
Q7. They show us that the world may not be perfect, but
society is headed in the right direction thanks to the
power of courage, equality, and forgiveness.
Reader’s Review pp.210 – 211
A 1) distinctive 2) national 3) independence
4) portraits 5) hostile 6) separate
7) desegregation 8) forgiveness
B Sample
 Carleton Watkins: I was moved to notice that people
changed their attitudes towards nature.
 Margaret Bourke-White: I think that’s because the
spinning wheel was a symbol of India’s independence
from Britain’s textile industry.
 Will Counts: I think it was unfair to build separate
schools on the basis of race.
C Sample
- If Carleton Watkins hadn’t taken the pictures of
Yosemite, the lawmakers might not have been inspired
to save these areas and protect the natural beauty of
242 Answer Keys
their country.
- If Margaret Bourke-White had failed to take the
portrait of Gandhi, we might not have been able to see
the historic portrait of the great leader of India.
- If Will Counts hadn’t arranged the reunion of Eckford
and Massery, we might not have such a clear example of
changing racial attitudes toward African-Americans in
the U.S.A.
Focus on Form p.212
A [Check] 1. where 2. that
[Find More Examples]
 (p.206, L9) She met him at his home in India, where
the photo shoot turned out to be a much
stiffer challenge than she had expected.
 (p.208, L6) It was Counts that arranged for the two
women to reunite.
B [Practice]
Without your help, I would have failed.
[Find More Examples]
(p.205, L14) Without Watkins’ photos, the lawmakers
might not have been inspired to conserve
these areas and ....
(p.208, L15) Without these two photos, we might not
have had such a clear example of changing
racial attitudes ....
Ready to Write p.213
A Sample
1. You look ugly when you wear a frown.
2. Before you take a photo, you should bring it into
focus.
B 1. Do you know the name of the girl standing in front of
the gate?
2. A few days after the interview, I received a letter
offering me the job.
3. Look at the puppy chasing after a cat!
Writing Workshop pp.214 – 215
B Sample
 Introduction of the Photo: It captures a happy memory
of my family.
 Description of the Background: It was taken two years
ago when we went camping.
 Description of Each Person: There are my father,
mother, sister, and me.
 Feelings about the Photo: I feel happy every time I
look at it.
D Sample
This is one of my favorite photos. It captures a
happy memory of my family. The photo was taken two
years ago when we went camping in the mountains.
We posed for the photo while standing in front of a
beautiful mountain. The man wearing a jacket and
glasses is my father. He is very happy because he loves
being outdoors. The girl standing next to him is my
sister. She is holding a frog that she caught in a stream
by our campsite. The woman in a hat and shorts is my
mother. Finally, the girl wearing hiking boots is me. I’m
also wearing a big smile. I love to display this photo on
my desk because I feel happy every time I look at it.
Do It Yourself pp.216 – 217
A a. 3 b. 1 c. 2 d. 4
B 2 / 7 / 6 / 1 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 8
C 1. might not have had
2. c
D Sample
This photo is one of my favorite photos, which shows
a happy memory I had with my friends. It was taken last
winter when we went to a snow-covered park. The girl at
the bottom in a hat with a colorful pattern is Tina. She
has a nice smile. The one who is leaning on Tina’s back
is Missy. Last, the girl on the top is me. Whenever I look
at this photo, it reminds me of an unforgettable memory
with my best friends.
Answer Keys 243
Lesson 1 Learning Smarter
Vocabulary
tremendous
Grammar
1. bothers 2. challenge 3. to swim
Writing
1. release
Lesson 2 You Are a Blessing!
Vocabulary
rage
Grammar
1. woke up me → woke me up
2. such cheerful a person → such a cheerful person
3. Walked → Walking
Writing
1. opinion
Lesson 3 Movie and Technology
Vocabulary
predict
Grammar
1. enjoying 2. could 3. whatever
Lesson 4 Language in Life
Vocabulary
expectation
Grammar
1. whose life was in danger
2. the fact that I lied
3. the time when we met
Lesson 5 A Life Worth Living
Vocabulary
regrets [regretted]
Grammar
1. what I met → I met
2. to buy → buying
3. how you eat → you eat
Lesson 6 Living with Nature
Vocabulary
attracted
Grammar
1. having
2. would
3. as
Lesson 7 Save the Earth
Vocabulary
threaten
Grammar
1. If not treated immediately
2. got her hair colored
3. while you are washing the dishes
Lesson 8 Important Moments in Photos
Vocabulary
preserve
Grammar
1. which → where
2. what → that
3. fail → failed
Writing
1. You should wear a seat belt in the car.
Answer Keys: Learning Diary
244 Transcripts
Lesson 1 Learning Smarter
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1
B Listen and Check p.14
B: Yuna, the new semester has started!
G: Yes, I’m excited for the new start! What are
your plans for the new semester?
B: I’m planning to become an early bird and
lead a regular life. I habitually stayed up
late or got up late.
G: Really? What made you stay up late at
night?
B: After school, I spent time watching TV or
chatting online with my pal. And I started
my homework late at night.
G: I used to be a night owl, too. It took a lot of
effort to become diligent in the morning.
B: Then, can I change my lifestyle?
G: Well, how about planning your day in
advance and making a to-do list? If you
bear in mind what you have to do initially,
you can use your time more efficiently and
go to bed earlier when your day is more
organized.
B: Okay. I’ll give it a shot.
C Listen and Speak p.15
G: Garam, the new semester has finally begun.
What are your resolutions for the new
term?
B: Well, I want to stay fit and healthy. So I’m
planning to exercise regularly. I’m going to
ride a bicycle at least three times a week.
G: So you’re saying you’ll try to stay in shape?
B: Yes, I am.
G: Great, but you need to change your eating
habits, too.
B: Yes, you’re right. I’ve decided to eat a more
balanced diet. Instead of eating fast food,
I’ll have some healthy snacks such as fruits,
vegetables, and nuts. Then what about
you, Jina? Do you have any plans for the
new semester?
G: I ’m planning to learn something
entertaining.
B: Do you have anything in mind?
G: Well, I’m thinking of learning to play a
musical instrument, maybe the flute.
B: Sounds great. I hope everything goes well
for you.
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2
B Listen and Check p.16
B: Hi, Jessica. Long time no see! How was
your vacation?
G: Hi, John. I had a wonderful vacation. How
about you?
B: I registered for advanced math and physics
classes this semester. So I previewed those
subjects over the vacation.
G: Really? That’s cool. How can I study math
and physics more effectively? I feel those
subjects are difficult.
B: Why don’t we join a study group?
G: Is it helpful to be part of such a gathering?
B: Yes. We can teach each other what we
know. By teaching other group members,
we reinforce what we’ve learned.
G: That’s a good idea.
B: Right. Do you want to join the club with
me?
G: All right! I’m in.
C Listen and Speak p.17
G: Mr. Johnson, I’m struggling with the
Transcripts
Transcripts 245
English class this semester. I’m so
frustrated.
M: Can you tell me precisely what the problem
is, Inju?
G: It’s hard to comprehend whole sentences
even though I know the meaning of each
word. Sometimes what I understand is
totally wrong. How can I learn English
more effectively?
M: Well, I recommend you review the
grammar you’ve learned before. It’s
important to have a good foundation of
the basics.
G: Alright, I’ll try. I have one more thing
to ask you. Just memorizing new words
is boring, so I forget them in an instant.
What should I do?
M: How about reading extensively?
G: Could you tell me exactly what reading
extensively means?
M: It means reading books and other reading
materials, such as newspapers or novels in
English. It’ll help you catch the meanings
of new words in different contexts.
Real-life Listening p.18
W: Hello, everyone. I’m Amanda, from the
Institute for Brain Research. Today, I’m
going to help you discover your own
unique way of using your senses. Think of
when you memorize English words. Do
you like to spell the words out on a piece of
paper and color them in with highlighters?
If so, it signifies you may learn best by
seeing something. Some visual images,
such as diagrams, pictures, or flashcards
can be helpful when you’re studying. On
the other hand, some of you may like to
read words out loud, moving your lips.
If so, I recommend you study by having
group discussions and even teaching what
you know to others. That’s because you
learn most effectively through listening.
Last, do you like to move around and be
active while studying? Then, you probably
learn better through doing something
physical. Perhaps practicing English words
by role-playing would be very helpful for
you. Make gestures and express emotions
while playing a role. And you’ll be able to
remember new words better and longer.
Of course, no one uses only one sense
in learning, but everyone has a peculiar
learning style. So, which sense would you
be inclined to use for learning?
Do It Yourself p.34
B: Hi, I’m Eric. For the new semester, I’ve
made some plans to work on. First, I’ve
decided to avoid wasting time. I’ll make
short-range plans and manage my time
efficiently. Furthermore, I need to reduce
the time I spend playing computer games,
and study more instead since I’m planning
to improve my grades at school. I also
heard that eating breakfast is beneficial to
learning effectively, so I’ve made up my
mind to wake up early and have breakfast,
following a balanced diet. By sticking to
my plans, I hope I see myself with better
grades and a healthier body at the end of
the semester.
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Lesson 2 You Are a Blessing!
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1
B Listen and Check p.40
B: Hey, Yumi! You look very cheerful. Did
you get some good news or something?
G: Yes! I won second prize in a speaking
contest.
B: Wow, good job. Did you get a trophy?
G: Yes, I did. I can’t wait to show it to my
parents.
B: They’ll be very proud of you.
G: Well, they might be. But the most
important thing is that I’m feeling a sense
of satisfaction for achieving what I wanted
to.
B: I envy you. I did badly in the singing
contest. I feel like I’m a failure.
G: You shouldn’t underestimate yourself like
that. It is important that you try to think
about things you are good at. You have a
wonderful voice and you write beautiful
songs.
B: Thank you. I feel better hearing that.
C Listen and Speak p.41
W: Hello, everyone. I’m Joyce, and I’m a high
school guidance counselor. Many students
come to me with different types of anxiety.
One of their major problems is having
low self-esteem. When you have high
self-esteem, you feel content with yourself.
But when it’s low, you don’t. Then how
can you improve your self-esteem? First,
when you talk to yourself, try to recall the
good things that people say about you,
not any bad thing. Second, it is important
that you accept yourself as you are. Don’t
care too much about how others judge
you. You don’t always have to live up to
others’ expectations. Third, build good
relationships with others. When you live
your life in loving and caring relationships,
you’ll feel better about yourself.
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2
B Listen and Check p.42
G: What’s the matter, Josh? You look very
worried.
B: Never mind. It’s nothing.
G: Come on. Tell me about it.
B: Actually, I’m worried about always arguing
with my parents. I’m trying to get along
with them, but it’s not easy.
G: Really? Could you tell me more about it?
B: Whenever I talk with them, it ends in an
argument. I don’t feel like talking to them
anymore.
G: I’m sorry to hear that. Have you ever told
them how you feel?
B: No, I haven’t. I know it won’t make any
difference.
G: Oh, no. If you keep the problem to
yourself, it’ll only get more serious. You
ought to try sharing your feelings with
your parents.
B: You’re right. I’ll try.
C Listen and Speak p.43
M: Have you ever met a friend who said,
“I’m worried about being bullied by other
students?” If you have, you should tell
the friend this word: FLOAT. Each letter
of FLOAT stands for a way you can deal
with the problem. First, “F” stands for
Transcripts 247
“forget about it.” Just ignore the person
bullying you. If that doesn’t work, move
on to “L,” which stands for “leave the
place.” Sometimes you just need to walk
away. The “O” reminds you to “openly
express yourself.” Tell the bully exactly
how you feel. For example, you can say,
“Hey, that really hurts my feelings.” To
help you express yourself, the following
“A” represents “apply strong words.” If the
person is still being cruel, use some strong
words, such as, “Stop now.” Lastly, if you
have tried all of the steps above but failed,
“tell somebody you trust.” That’s what the
letter “T” stands for.
Real-life Listening p.44
True Colors by Cyndi Lauper
(Glee Cast Ver.)
You with the sad eyes
Don’t be discouraged
Oh, I realize
It’s hard to take courage
In a world full of people
You can lose sight of it all
And the darkness still inside you
Can make you feel so small
But I see your true colors
Shining through
I see your true colors
And that’s why I love you
So don’t be afraid to let them show
Your true colors
True colors are beautiful
Like a rainbow
Show me a smile then
Don’t be unhappy, can’t remember
When I last saw you laughing
If this world makes you crazy
And you’ve taken all you can bear
You call me up
Because you know I’ll be there
And I’ll see your true colors
Shining through
I see your true colors
And that’s why I love you
So don’t be afraid to let them show
Your true colors
True colors are beautiful
Like a rainbow
⋮
Do It Yourself
A p.60
B: Hey, Mandy. Do you have any plans on
Sunday? How about going shopping to the
mall together?
G: Sorry. I’m going to do some volunteer
work at a daycare center. I’m doing it every
Sunday.
B: Oh, really? I didn’t know that you were
doing that. How did you get interested in
that?
G: I first visited the place with my friends last
year. I met many kids who needed to be
taken care of. So I decided to look after the
kids as a volunteer.
B: That’s impressive. Isn’t it hard to keep
doing it every Sunday, though?
G: It’s not easy, I guess. But I feel very happy
helping others in need. I think it improves
my self-esteem as well.
248 Transcripts
Lesson 3 Movie and Technology
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1
B Listen and Check p.66
B: Amy, did you know that there’s a film
festival going on in town?
G: Really? I feel like seeing a movie. What’s
playing tonight?
B: The movie Hugo is playing at the Union
Theater. It’s a three dimensional fantasy
movie based on a children’s novel. I really
enjoyed watching it.
G: Well, I haven’t heard of that movie. What
makes it interesting?
B: I think the special effects make the movie
interesting. It won an Academy Award for
special effects.
G: Sounds great! Who stars in it?
B: It stars Asa Butterfield as Hugo, who is
the hero of the movie, and Jude Law as his
father.
G: Wow, it’s an all-star cast!
B: Right. In addition, people say it’s good for
all ages. The adventures are really surprising
and fantastic!
G: Cool! It sounds like it’s worth seeing.
B: Yes, it is! You shouldn’t miss it.
G: Okay. I’ll go see it tonight.
C Listen and Speak p.67
G: Hey, John. Where are you going?
B: Oh, hi, Sandra! I’m going to the movie
theater because I have some free time.
G: Really? Have you decided which movie
you’re going to see?
B: Not yet. Could you recommend one?
G: Well, how about Leafie, A Hen into the
Wild ? It is a Korean animation film. It was
the most interesting movie I saw this year.
B: Really? What makes it so appealing?
G: Well, I think the lovely characters make
the movie interesting. But what I liked
the most about the movie was its fantastic
visual effects.
B: I see. Can you tell me what it’s about?
G: It’s about the dreams of a hen called Leafie.
But if you are going to see it, I’d better not
tell you anymore. I’m sure you’ll like it.
B: Okay, thanks. I’m curious now, so I’ll
check it out.
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2
B Listen and Check p.68
B: Susan, you look upset. What happened?
G: I went to the movies with my friend, and
we sat near a guy who kept talking on the
phone throughout the movie.
B: That’s so rude!
G: I know. I wish all the cell phones in the
world would disappear.
B: Take it easy. I think you’re overreacting. In
my opinion, cell phones are useful. They
let us communicate efficiently and access
information easily.
G: I understand your point, but I don’t agree
with you. It seems that some people these
days are so addicted to their cell phones
that they are incapable of putting their
phones away even when they don’t use
them.
B: Well, cell phones come in handy in
emergency situations.
G: I know, but the man’s situation didn’t seem
urgent at all.
B: Yeah, that sounds quite annoying. I think
Transcripts 249
we have to be careful not to bother others
when we use cell phones.
C Listen and Speak p.69
M1: Thanks for coming to our show, Ms. Lee
and Mr. Walcott. Could anyone present
your argument first to start the debate?
W: I’ll start. The Internet has become an
important part of our lives. We should
encourage more people to take advantage
of it.
M2: You have a point. But, in my opinion,
people need to take a step back to be
aware of the disadvantages of using the
Internet.
W: What do you mean by “disadvantages”?
M2: For example, people can hide their
identity on the Internet. This anonymity
gave rise to negative trends, such as cyber
bullying.
W: I understand your point, but I don’t agree
with you. The Internet makes our lives
faster, easier, and more convenient. People
can access information more easily through
it.
M1: Thank you both for giving us your
opinions. Now let’s briefly listen to some
audience responses.
Real-life Listening p.70
W: Hello, everyone. The world-famous
director James Cameron is back with his
three dimensional blockbuster Avatar. He
is with us this morning. Good morning,
Mr. Cameron.
M: Good morning.
W: First, let’s talk about the technology you
used in Avatar. I heard you had to wait
a really long time to film this movie.
M: Yes. When I thought up the scenario, the
technology to make Avatar wasn’t available
yet, so I had to work on it for a prolonged
period.
W: So what’s special about this technologydriven
movie?
M: Well, I’d like to point out that I made the
best use of the actors’ performances to
create realistic virtual characters.
W: Sounds like you didn’t want technology to
completely exclude human actors. Then,
how would you classify the movie?
M: It’s a cross-cultural love story in one
respect, and an exciting fantasy in another.
W: By the way, your other blockbuster, Titanic
had a lot of success, too. Are there any
differences between these two movies?
M: Yes. Titanic was made 12 years earlier
than Avatar. Remember the scene at the
front of the ship when the main characters
kissed? We had to wait for two weeks to
get the right sunset for the shot! Filming
Avatar, however, we just shot it in front of
a blue screen and digitally put the scenes
in the perfect sunset later. It’s much more
technical and time-saving.
Do It Yourself
A p.86
G: Jinsu, would you like to go to the movie
festival with me?
B: Sounds great. What movies are playing at
the festival?
G: There are many movies of different genres.
I have a pamphlet. Well, it seems like
250 Transcripts
Transformers would be interesting. I heard
the computer graphics used in the movie
are breathtaking.
B: Yeah, it looks good. But how about I
Am Sam? I heard that the story is very
touching.
G: Sorry, but I’ve already seen that movie.
B: Oh, really? Then we should watch another.
Why don’t we try an animated film? Both
Kung Fu Panda and A Hen into the Wild
got good reviews from the audience.
G: Let’s watch A Hen into the Wild. I heard
that it’s a well-made Korean animated film.
B: Great! Let’s go see it!
Lesson 4 Language in Life
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1
B Listen and Check p.92
G: Jinsu, what are you watching now?
B: I’m watching my favorite Japanese
animated film.
G: Can you understand what the characters
say without subtitles? You must be very
good at Japanese!
B: Yes, I’ve been learning Japanese for three
years. It was hard at first, but now I can
understand the language well.
G: That’s cool! What have you been learning
Japanese for?
B: Well, I learn Japanese to study filmmaking
in Japan after I graduate from high school.
G: I see. So is it necessary to learn the local
language to interact with people there?
B: Yes. Also, learning the language will give
me access to material about filmmaking in
Japanese.
G: That’s cool! I want to learn Japanese and
travel to Japan someday.
B: Then why don’t you start learning
Japanese? It’ll help you to understand its
culture better.
G: Okay. I’ll give it a try.
C Listen and Speak p.93
G: What are you doing, Junho?
B: Oh, hi, Sara. I’m signing up for a club on
the Internet.
G: What club?
B: It’s an online community for people who
are interested in learning Chinese.
G: You are interested in learning Chinese? I’ve
just begun learning it, too.
B: Oh, really? What’s the purpose of your
study?
G: Last month, I met a new classmate.
He’s from China. I learn Chinese to
communicate with my Chinese friends.
B: So you can make international friends by
learning Chinese?
G: Right, then how about you? Is there any
specific reason you are learning Chinese?
B: I hope I can work with people around the
world in the future. I think I’ll have more
opportunities if I speak Chinese.
G: You’re right. Let’s sign up for the club
together!
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2
B Listen and Check p.94
B: Jiyoung, why do you look so worried these
days?
Transcripts 251
G: I had an argument with my boyfriend
a few days ago. He hasn’t said a single word
to me since then.
B: What led you two to a fight? Did you do
something wrong?
G: Well, when I talk with him, he often
misunderstands what I’m saying.
B: Is there a problem with the way you speak
to him?
G: Well, I don’t know how to put my feelings
into words. Sometimes, I have difficulty
choosing the right words.
B: Don’t be too hard on yourself. That often
happens to many people.
G: I’m not sure how to handle this kind of
situation, though.
B: Before you say anything, try to think twice.
That could help prevent you from saying
something you didn’t intend.
G: Okay. I’ll keep your advice in mind.
C Listen and Speak p.95
G: Hey, Alex. How are you doing these days?
B: Not so good. It’s more complicated to
communicate in Korean than I thought.
G: I’m sorry to hear that. What’s especially
difficult for you?
B: I have difficulty understanding when
people speak quickly. When I learned
Korean in America, my Korean tutor used
to speak to me more slowly. But now that
I’m in Korea, it’s hard to ....
G: Catch everything people say?
B: Yes, that’s it.
G: I understand. How about asking people
to speak more slowly when you don’t
understand?
B: I’ve thought of that, but I don’t want to
give them the impression that I’m not
fluent in Korean. So I just pretend that I
understand what they’re saying.
G: I think you should ask them to slow down
when they talk. It’ll help you grasp the
meaning of their words. I’m sure they
won’t think it’s strange because you are
from another country.
Real-life Listening p.96
W: When we communicate with others, we
usually use something more powerful than
spoken language. It is called body language.
All cultures use body language. It helps
people communicate. Now, let’s consider
how differently Americans and Koreans
use body language. When Americans say,
“OK,” they sometimes make a circle with
their thumb and forefinger. However, this
sign can be understood as “money” to
Koreans. Can you think of other gestures
which may cause misunderstandings
between these two groups? In Korea,
people make the “V” gesture when they
have their picture taken. In America, a “V”
gesture is usually used for “peace and love.”
There, people usually don’t make the peace
sign when they have their picture taken.
What about the gesture of crossing the
middle finger with the forefinger? With
this gesture, Americans say, “I’ll keep my
fingers crossed,” which means “I’ll wish
you for the best.” On the other hand, in
Korea, this gesture doesn’t have any special
meaning.
252 Transcripts
Do It Yourself
A p.112
M: Hello, I’m a speech instructor in the
language center. Today, I’m going to give
you some tips on how to communicate
well with others. When you are speaking,
try to choose the right words at the
right moment. If you use inappropriate
o r u n c l e a r w o r d s , i t c a n c a u s e
misunderstandings between you and the
listeners. In addition to that, you need to
speak at a normal speed. If you speak too
quickly or slowly, the listeners will have
difficulty catching what you say. Last, you
should make an effort to understand the
culture of the listeners. Miscommunication
can sometimes happen due to cultural
differences. For example, the same gesture
can be understood differently based on the
culture of the place where each person is
from.
Lesson 5 A Life Worth Living
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1
B Listen and Check p.118
M: Ms. Yuna Han, could you introduce
yourself briefly?
W: Yes, my name is Yuna Han. I majored in
social welfare at my university, and I want
to be a social worker to help senior citizens.
M: I see. What motivated you to want to work
with senior citizens?
W: Last year, I worked in a nursing home as
a volunteer. Spending many hours with
senior citizens who were in need of help,
I discovered a passion for helping them.
M: Well, that’s impressive. Can you tell me
what kind of work you did for them
specifically?
W: I did many things, such as doing the
laundry and housekeeping, and bathing
them. I also helped take them to the
doctor.
M: I see. What do you want to accomplish in
your career?
W: By becoming a professional caregiver, I
wish to make a positive change in people’s
lives.
C Listen and Speak p.119
W: Thanks for allowing us to interview you.
M: You’re welcome. It’s my pleasure.
W: You have been the lead vocalist in the
popular band the American Hawks for the
last two years. What is it like living as a
musician?
M: Well, it’s great. We’ve had tour concerts
across the country. I feel so excited
whenever I hear the fans cheer for our
songs!
W: I see. By the way, as the youngest lead
vocalist in the country, I believe you might
have some tips for young singers out there.
How do you practice to improve your
singing?
M: Well, I often watch videos of other singers
to learn their skills. There are so many
things I can still learn to improve my
singing.
W: That’s impressive! Lastly, could you tell us
what you want to be in the future?
Transcripts 253
M: I want to be a singer to inspire people with
my voice. That’s the biggest goal I always
have in my mind.
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2
B Listen and Check p.120
G: Hey, Steve. How are you doing?
B: Not great. I’m having a tough time
deciding on a future career.
G: Didn’t you always say you wanted to
become an actor? That’s why you have
gone to so many film auditions, isn’t it?
B: Right, but my parents don’t approve of the
idea.
G: Oh, no. Then what do they think is
important in choosing a career?
B: My parents want me to have a more stable
job like civil service. They think financial
stability is the most important thing in
choosing a career.
G: Well, their concerns are understandable,
but I think you should do what your true
interest lies in.
B: I think so, too. What should I do then?
G: Well, if you explain your long-term goals
to your parents and show them plans
you’ve made to reach those goals, they may
open their minds.
C Listen and Speak p.121
W: Good afternoon, everyone. My name is
Sophia Keaton. I work at a consulting
company, where we help people find their
careers. You’ve got to choose the right career
for you. What I mean is that you can lead
a merrier life when you do something that
you enjoy for a job. What do you think is
most important when choosing a career?
Well, I guess some of you have a dream job
in mind, but most teenagers have a hard
time finding the right occupation for them.
There are two crucial factors that you have
to consider in choosing a career. First, you
need to contemplate whether you have a
passion for the work or not. When you’re
passionate about something, you’ll be more
motivated to do it. Second, make sure the
work fits your values. For example, if you
think helping people is worthwhile, you
might want to be a good teacher, social
worker, or doctor. I hope you keep these
tips in mind and find the best career for
you.
Real-life Listening p.122
W: Good evening, Mr. Heo. Thank you for
participating in this interview tonight.
M: It’s my pleasure.
W: You’ve been making shoes for physically
challenged people for the last 15 years.
How did you get started?
M: I lost my arm in an accident in 1995. After
the accident, I was able to understand
the obstacles confronted by physically
challenged people. That’s why I started to
make shoes for them.
W: It doesn’t seem easy to make shoes with just
one hand. Didn’t you experience problems?
M: Sure. It took five years to adjust myself to a
life with one hand. And I hardly made any
money during the first several years. It was
my family who supported me in my time
of trouble.
W: Was there something else that kept you
254 Transcripts
motivated to continue working?
M: Yes. I remember that several physically
challenged people brought me shoes they
had worn for more than 20 years. I wanted
to help those people find the right shoes.
W: It sounds like your passion to help
physically challenged people has been the
primary concern in your career. Do you
have any dreams for the future?
M: Yes. I want to establish a school and share
my shoemaking techniques with students
someday.
Do It Yourself
A p.138
B: Hello, my name is Frank Roger. I’m writing
this letter to apply for a job focusing on
marketing in your company. I fit this job
well because I’m a very systematic and
highly goal-oriented person. I studied
at Carroll College, majoring in business
administration. While I was in college, I
participated in a mentoring program for
children called Big Brothers and Sisters. I
also have some related experience to help
me do this job. I took part in the summer
intern program at Parsons Pharmacy
Corporation from June through August,
2012. I learned valuable lessons there,
working with competent experts in the
field. I want to be a valuable employee
of your company who creates lots of new
profits, ideas, and solutions.
Lesson 6 Living with Nature
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1
B Listen and Check p.144
G: Hi, Jinsu. How was your weekend?
B: It was great. I watched several movies and
played computer games at home.
G: I see. Do you usually spend your free time
indoors?
B: Yes, especially when it’s hot like these
days, I like to spend time at home. Indoor
activities are doable in any weather.
G: That’s interesting. I prefer to spend my free
time outdoors.
B: Did you do something special outdoors
last weekend?
G: Yes. I went camping with my family. We
set our tents up on the beach.
B: I’ve never been camping. What is it like to
spend a night in a tent?
G: It’s very delightful. You can get in touch
with nature. The clean air is really
refreshing and the view is fantastic. That’s
why I love outdoor activities!
B: Sounds nice. I’ll give it a try sometime.
C Listen and Speak p.145
B: I prefer to spend my free time indoors.
I don’t want to waste my time going
somewhere to do outdoor activities. For
example, it takes a long time to go to a
mountain to hike. On the other hand,
indoor activities such as reading books,
listening to music, and playing computer
games can be done anytime. Besides,
I don’t need to carry heavy equipment
around with me, and I can enjoy indoor
activities even if it’s raining or snowing
Transcripts 255
outside. They can be done regardless of the
time and weather.
G: I prefer to spend my spare time outdoors.
I enjoy many outdoor activities such as
camping, mountain biking, and fishing.
As they involve physical activities, I can
work out and stay in shape. It’s really good
for your health to be physically active!
Outdoor activities also have psychological
benefits. In the open air, I can release stress
and feel refreshed.
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2
B Listen and Check p.146
B: Hyojung, how long has it been since you
left your hometown?
G: It has been six months. We moved here
because my mother got a new job.
B: I see. How are you adjusting to life here?
G: Actually, I think it takes time. I had lived
in the country my whole life before I
moved to the city. It’s hard to get used to
the fast pace of city life.
B: I’m sorry to hear that. Are you having any
other difficulties?
G: Well, compared to my hometown, there
are a lot more cars here in the city.
B: True. The heavy traffic is a big problem
in this city. Sometimes, I want to leave
because it’s so crowded here.
G: Yes. But the hardest thing of all is that I
don’t know my neighbors. Sometimes I feel
lonely and isolated.
B: I see. Do you long for your hometown?
G: Kind of. But there are some aspects I like
in the city. There are many types of helpful
facilities and modern conveniences.
B: Yes, it seems that living in the city has its
merits and demerits.
C Listen and Speak p.147
W: Do you want to slow down the fast pace of
life in the city? Do you want to get away
from crowded places and heavy traffic?
Then Rural Paradise could be the solution
for you. A relaxed atmosphere is one of the
privileges that we offer. Compared to the
city, there’s more exposure to nature in the
country. For example, your children can
build precious memories climbing trees,
swimming in a stream, and hiking up hills
for a breathtaking view. And that’s not all.
The great relationships between neighbors
will also provide a sense of community.
Your welcoming and friendly neighbors
will always be ready to help you whenever
you’re in need. Choose Rural Paradise to
enjoy peace and quiet!
Real-life Listening p.148
M: Jacques-Yves Cousteau is one of the
most famous marine explorers of the 20th
century. Growing up in France, he was
fascinated by the sea. He dreamed of seeing
the undersea world from a young age. He
realized his dream when he developed
diving equipment that allowed people to
stay underwater for long periods of time.
Using his inventions, Cousteau explored
the planet’s oceans many times. He also
wrote books and made award-winning
documentary films about sea life. His
films became popular around the world
and helped many people learn about the
256 Transcripts
incredible natural diversity of the world’s
oceans. He also developed a very popular
TV series, The Undersea World of Jacques
Cousteau, which was watched by millions
of people worldwide. Later, he founded an
organization to protect the ocean and its
ecosystems. His work helped educate the
public about the significance of natural life
in the sea, and introduced its wildlife to
generations of future environmentalists.
Do It Yourself
A p.164
W: Hi, my name is Kathy and I’m from
Winchester, California. I like living in the
country better than in the city. I believe
you’ll feel the same way if you visit where
I live, where you can relax your body
and mind. This village is surrounded by
beautiful nature, which makes you feel
refreshed. The air is so clear that you can
see countless stars in the sky at night.
As we grow our own vegetables, the cost
of living here is relatively low compared
to that of the city, where people buy
everything at the market. I think living in
the countryside has lots of benefits.
Lesson 7 Save the Earth
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1
B Listen and Check p.170
W: Sweetie, I tried to call you a few times this
afternoon. Why didn’t you answer the
phone today?
B: Sorry, Mom. My cell phone wouldn’t work
for the whole day.
W: Really? What’s wrong with it?
B: I spilled water on it this morning. Since
then, it keeps going off by itself.
W: Oh, dear. You should have been more
cautious. Did you go to the service center?
B: Yes, I did. Fortunately, they said they can
fix it by replacing some parts in the phone.
W: That’s a relief. How much will it cost to fix
it?
B: It will cost about 50,000 won. Could you
please pay the bill for me?
W: All right, but make sure you keep your cell
phone away from water. Keeping it in a
case would be another good way to protect
your phone.
C Listen and Speak p.171
[Bell ringing]
M: Best Electronics. How can I help you?
G: Hi. There’s something wrong with my
computer.
M: I see. Could you explain about it in detail?
G: Sure. I was using my computer, and it
suddenly went off. I could feel heat coming
out of it.
M: Where do you keep your computer?
G: I keep it near my window. I thought
it would be better for the computer to
be somewhere where there is good air
circulation.
M: Was the computer in direct sunlight?
G: Yes, it was.
M: I think that’s the reason why your
computer isn’t working. Make sure you
Transcripts 257
don’t put your computer in direct sunlight.
G: Oh, alright, I won’t. But do you think you
can fix it this time?
M: Sure. Can I get your address? I can come
by today and inspect it thoroughly.
G: It’s 179 Main Street, Springfield Park.
M: Let me check if I’ve got it right. Did you
say 179 Main Street?
G: Right.
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2
B Listen and Check p.172
B: Hey, Sarah. What are you doing?
G: I’m writing a research paper for my science
class.
B: What’s it about?
G: I’m writing about how serious soil
pollution is these days.
B: That’s true. I saw some shocking pictures
of an oil spill on land the other day.
G: Yes, oil spills definitely have detrimental
effects on soil. In addition to that, we’re
polluting the soil in our daily lives.
B: Really? Could you give me a specific
example?
G: Think of the waste you throw away every
day. It’s a considerable amount, right?
B: It sure is, but I thought waste can be burnt
away so it wouldn’t harm the environment.
G: Some of it is burnt, which is also bad for
the environment. However, most of it is
just buried in landfills.
B: Well, I think we can start by not using
disposable products to reduce waste. It will
prevent more soil pollution.
G: That’s a good idea.
C Listen and Speak p.173
M: The government announced that the
amount of car sales in the domestic market
set a new record this year. As the number
indicates, cars are an inevitable part of
daily life for many families, but they release
a great amount of exhaust into the air each
day. The exhaust from cars has harmful
effects on the environment, resulting in
climate change. Experts estimate that if
climate change continues, sea levels will
rise due to the melting of the glaciers and
sea ice. Certain plants and animals might
disappear due to the heat. Hurricanes,
tornadoes, and other storms caused by
climate change are expected to happen
more frequently as well. Now, it’s time for
people to make individual decisions like
carpooling and using public transportation
to reduce the amount of exhaust.
Real-life Listening p.174
W: The Environmental Doomsday Clock
signifies the seriousness of environmental
pollution. The hours between 09:00 to
12:00 mean that the situation is “extremely
worrying,” and when the hands of the clock
point to midnight, it means that the world
will end. When the clock was first created
in 1992, it was set at 07:49 p.m. Since
then, the clock’s movement has moved
forward fast, warning people of the crisis
that our planet is facing. The changing
temperatures on the Earth can be seen as
a sign of this crisis. Experts say that, of
the many factors that cause environmental
pollution, the swiftly increasing amount of
258 Transcripts
waste we produce is the biggest problem.
In 2011, Korea’s time was 09:59 p.m., 58
minutes ahead of the global average.
Do It Yourself
A p.190
W: Look at this picture. There’s a lot of
garbage floating in the ocean!
M: It’s the waste from the land. I heard that
there is a floating island near Hawaii made
up of trash.
W: An island of trash? That’s terrible. Do you
know how big it is?
M: It’s estimated that the island is seven times
larger than the Korean Peninsula.
W: It must have harmful effects on the
creatures living in the ocean.
M: You’re right. Besides the fish, many animals
like birds and penguins are suffering
because of toxic substances in the waste.
W: How sad! I think we need to take steps to
make the size of the island smaller.
M: I can’t agree more. Most of all, we should
cut down the use of disposable items to
reduce waste.
Lesson 8 Important Moments in Photos
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 1
B Listen and Check p.196
M: Jina, you’re well known for taking portrait
photos. What are your reasons for taking
photos of people?
W: Well, I take portrait photos because I want
to capture important moments in other
people’s lives.
M: Could you explain that in more detail?
W: Imagine that you come across a photo of
your wedding in a drawer. Seeing it would
help you remember precious memories
from that day.
M: I see. By the way, when you take photos,
do you usually have a theme in mind?
W: Not really. I just go out with my camera. If
I focused on one theme, I would miss a lot
of good shots.
M: So you’re saying good photos are the ones
that show people’s faces in a real and
natural way?
W: Right. To take satisfactory photos, you
don’t need to make people pose.
C Listen and Speak p.197
W: Have you ever wanted to experience
the charm of photography? There are
several classes you can sign up for in our
photography camp. In the ‘Discover
Beauty’ class, you will learn about taking
photos of beautiful landscapes. And in the
‘Capture the Moment’ class, you will learn
how to capture special moments in your
lives. The memories of the moments will
last forever in your photos. Next, taking
photos for news reporting will be taught
in the ‘Photo Reporting’ class. And last, in
the ‘Commercial Photography’ class, you’ll
learn how to take photos to sell products.
These photos are used for commercial
purposes such as magazine advertising,
restaurant menus, and brochures. So, what
are your reasons for taking photos? Think
Transcripts 259
about it and sign up for the class that
sounds the most interesting to you!
Listen In & Speak Out Topic 2
B Listen and Check p.198
W: Welcome to the World Photo Exhibition!
Here, you can see many award-winning
photographs. It’s special in that none of
the photographs at this exhibition have
been exhibited in Korea before. John
Davis, one of the world’s most eminent
landscape photographers, has sent a
message to his Korean audience.
M1: Hi, I’m John Davis. I’m very pleased to
display my work in Korea for the first
time. I hope you will like my photos and
enjoy my world of photography.
W: The visitors really seem to be enjoying
the artwork. Excuse me, what do you
think about these photos?
M2: I like them. I think John Davis’ landscape
photos are really magnificent.
W: The exhibition is being held at the Seoul
Arts Center and will continue until
March 21. For more information, visit
the website, www.photoexhibition.net.
C Listen and Speak p.199
G: I’m really excited to see the World Press
Photo Exhibition!
B: Me, too. Look! The title of this photo is
Deep Sorrow.
G: Who is the woman in the photo? She looks
really distressed.
B: Let me see. It says she’s the widow of
Martin Luther King Jr.
G: Then the photo must have been taken at
his funeral.
B: I think so. What do you think about this
photo?
G: Well, I think the photo conveys a lot of
emotion. Just imagine how sad it is to lose
a family member!
B: You’re right. What do you think about this
photo? Its title is Before Collapsing.
G: Wow! The building is about to collapse!
What’s happening?
B: The photo captures the moment of the
2001 World Trade Center terrorist attack.
G: Oh, I remember that day. It was terrible.
I think this photo reminds us of the most
tragic attack in recent history.
B: I agree.
Real-life Listening p.200
M: The next photo is titled Burst of Joy. Slava
Veder, a photographer from the Associated
Press took this photo at Travis Air Force
Base in California on March 17, 1973. Can
you see the guy wearing a uniform? He
was a commanding officer of the United
States Air Force at that time. This photo
shows the moment that he was reunited
with his family, after spending about five
years as a prisoner of war in Vietnam.
Look at the girl who is excitedly greeting
her father with open arms! The rest of his
family is right behind her. You can feel
the joy and love in this picture, especially
when focusing on the girl rushing with
open arms to greet her father, whom she
had been missing for years. The photo ran
in papers across the country and also won
a Pulitzer Prize in 1974. Now let me tell
260 Transcripts
you what this photograph symbolizes in
American history.
Do It Yourself
A p.216
M1: What do you think about this photo?
This is the photo I took when I went
to the Grand Canyon. The scenery
was majestic. I like this photo because
it portrays the beautiful landscape of
the place! I hope I can go there again
someday and see the majestic scenery.
W1: Look at this photo! A climber is climbing
the steep cliff. She looks strong and
courageous. The photo perfectly captures
a thrilling moment in her climb. I like
the energy and the spirit this photo has.
M2: I took this photo at my graduation
ceremony. My friends and I threw the
graduation caps high into the air together
to celebrate finishing school successfully.
The photo reminds me of the happy
memories I made that day.
W2: This photo was taken when I was seven
years old. The girl beside me is my sister
Amy. I used to spend much time with her
and my parents captured our ordinary
days on their camera. The photos
containing our days might not seem
special. But surely they are treasures for
me that remind me of my childhood.
Transcripts 261
262 Word Formation
Word Formation
 (…, … )
 (…)
, 
, 
 ()
 ()
, 
, 
… 
fore_
pre_
pro_
re_
over_
super_
up_
de_
sub_
under_
in_
ex_
out_
a_
ac_
ob_
inter_
dia_
trans_
contra_
dis_
in_
ob_
un_
ab_
de_
se_
uni_
bi_
com_
con_
a_
be_
de_
per_
auto_
en_
geo_
multi_
tele_
forehead
predict, prefer, prepare, precede, prejudice
progress, project, propose, prospect, protect
react, remind, restore, reproduce, replace
overall, overreact, overview, overwhelm, overlap
supervisor
upset, upright, upper
decrease, depress, descend, deduce
subway, subordinate, subsequent, substitute
undersea, underwater, undergo, undertake
insight, input, include, interior, internal
exclude, expect, extensive, extract, export, expand
outcome, outstanding, output
abroad, alike
accompany, accuse, accumulate, accustom, accommodate
observe, obtain
interact, international, interpreter, interrupt, interfere
dialog, diamond
transform, translate, transfer, transmit, transit
contrafreeloading, contradict
disrupt, dissatisfy, displace
independence, inevitable, incredible, inhibit, informal
obstacle, object
uncomfortable, unfair, untouchable, unwanted, unlucky
absolutely, absence, absorb, abstract
desegregate, delay, destroy, despair, deviate
separate, select
unique, unify, unity, universe, uniform
bicycle
combine, compose, compile, compound, comprise
confirm, conform, consequent, consist, constitute
amaze, ashamed, arise, arouse
behave
declare, deserve, describe, define
perfect, persuade, permit, permanent
autobiography, autograph, automatic
enable, encourage, enlarge, entitle
geography
multitasking, multiply
telephone, television, telegraph
Word Formation 263
 (, )
, 
_ly
_ward
_way(s)
unexpectedly, adjacently, anxiously, absently, adequately
upward, backward, forward, afterward, inward
anyway, always
 ( , )
… , … 
_ize
_(i)fy
_ate
_en
_er
memorize, organize, civilize, criticize, minimize, utilize
clarify, qualify, identify, modify, specify
concentrate, eliminate, participate, terminate
ripen, lessen, fasten
lower
, , 
, 
, 
_er, _or, _ee
_ist
_(a)tion
_al
_ance, _ence
_y, _ry
_ure
_ment
_ness
_cy
_th
_ic(s)
_ship
_ism
manufacturer, mentor, administrator, collector, employee
economist, psychologist, artist, colonist, humanist
action, attention, explanation, meditation, solution
disposal, arrival, denial, proposal, refusal, burial
entrance, importance, difference, assistance
crazy, scenery, delivery
exposure, failure, pressure, procedure
achievement, improvement, measurement, punishment,
investment
forgiveness, seriousness, kindness, tiredness, goodness
tendency, efficiency, currency, agency, democracy
truth, length, faith, strength
politics, economics, statistics, ethics
relationship, friendship, membership
ecotourism, journalism, mechanism, criticism
 ( , )
, , 
, 
, 
_able, _ible
_ful
_less
_ern
_ic, _ical
_ly
_ous
_(u)al
_ent, _ant
_ate
_ite
_ish
_ar(y)
_ive
_y
desirable, accessible, miserable, visible
successful, thankful, wonderful, faithful, awful
countless, useless, sleeveless
eastern, western, northern
dynamic, realistic, dramatic, historical, musical
friendly
conscious, furious, jealous, religious, generous
habitual, intellectual, visual, spiritual, gradual, minimal
sufficient, different, significant, ignorant
fortunate
favorite, opposite, definite
foolish, rubbish
extraordinary, elementary, temporary, contemporary, necessary
distinctive, impressive, massive, operative
healthy, cloudy, windy, lucky, snowy, nasty
 ( , )
264 New Words
access 68
accessible 128
accompany 27
accomplish 118
accustom 186
achieve 31
acquire 29
actualize 133
adapt 78
addiction 69
adjust 146
administrate 138
admire 134
agent 137
alien 65
allocate 209
alternative 115
amaze 85
analyze 33
animate 66
anniversary 208
announce 197
apparent 126
arouse 74
arrange 195
artificial 141
assemble 182
assign 37
assimilate 31
astonish 204
attach 76
attempt 202
autobiography 106
autograph 89
available 166
average 174
ban 176
barely 53
barnyard 157
barrier 131
bilingual 115
biochemistry 141
biodiversity 167
bizarre 127
boost 16
breathtaking 66
broadcast 135
budget 81
bulk 183
bunch 163
capacity 13
capture 65
career 42
caregiver 118
casually 119
ceremony 66
certain 78
certificate 190
charity 189
chemical 23
chemistry 141
chief 156
chore 48
chronic 22
circular 27
circulate 171
cite 37
citizen 99
civil 181
clarify 94
collapse 199
colleague 131
collectible 89
column 126
command 272
commercialize 167
compensate 131
competency 138
complicate 20
compliment 124
compose 183
conclude 137
conduct 30
conflict 42
confuse 183
conscious 25
conserve 167
considerable 179
consult 17
contradict 130
contrafreeloading 128
contrary 145
contrast 58
contribute 137
convention 89
convey 199
convince 156
cooperate 182
cope 27
core 23
corporate 181
correspond 75
cortisol 13
costume 72
court 207
crack 46
craft 105
creature 79
criminal 141
cripple 27
crisis 179
critic 197
crucial 153
curator 201
curl 39
daydream 157
debate 16
A
B
C
D
New Words
New Words 265
decade 183
declare 207
defeat 85
defend 167
define 107
deliberate 155
delicate 50
delight 152
demonstrate 30
density 183
depict 207
desegregate 207
desirable 24
devote 31
dew 155
dignity 131
diminish 27
discard 176
disposable 172
dispose 176
dispute 69
disrupt 27
dissatisfy 126
distinct 204
disturb 33
dive 148
diverse 193
drift 154
drip 56
dull 31
dusk 104
dust 171
eco-friendly 157
ecosystem 148
ecotourism 167
edit 117
efficiency 25
electrode 76
element 23
eliminate 20
emphasis 67
employee 125
enclose 153
encounter 128
encourage 37
enhance 153
enormous 183
enrich 156
enroll 207
ensure 193
enthusiasm 31
era 107
establish 193
estimate 183
ethic 141
exclude 47
exhibit 89
explicit 24
exploit 202
expose 169
exposure 146
extend 176
extensive 16
extract 185
fade 193
faith 201
fame 118
fascinate 148
flap 50
flavorist 141
flock 46
fluent 99
footprint 201
formula 34
formulate 26
foundation 17
frail 207
fulfill 130
function 35
fund 193
funeral 199
furious 46
fuse 190
generate 32
generation 205
geography 204
glacier 173
globe 92
glorious 157
grant 204
grownup 156
guarantee 98
harmless 167
hazard 180
hesitate 104
hinder 23
historic 135
historical 167
holy 49
honor 208
hostile 207
idle 134
illustrate 89
imitate 109
immediate 102
immersion 153
immigrant 100
impact 21
income 123
incredible 78
independence 206
indicate 174
indirect 159
individual 75
ingest 183
initial 24
innovate 138
E
F
G
H
I
inquire 181
insert 65
insight 105
inspirational 204
inspire 117
instance 147
instruct 170
intellectual 153
intelligence 143
intend 262
international 89
interpret 160
intrinsic 109
invest 131
investigate 141
jeopardize 27
joint 79
journalism 209
judge 54
keen 156
launch 209
lawmaker 205
layout 79
leak 169
lifespan 170
load 50
locate 75
lung 85
lyric 44
magnificent 270
manual 171
manufacture 179
marvel 154
mastery 105
maximize 133
meaningless 127
meditate 27
mental 29
mentor 37
merchant 47
method 29
mill 99
minimize 133
moan 52
motion 27
motivate 22
multitask 25
naturalistic 143
neat 56
nonprofit 181
normal 94
nuclear 193
nutrition 33
objective 130
observe 69
obstacle 124
obtain 37
obvious 127
occupation 218
opposite 57
option 129
oral 156
organize 20
outcome 124
outstanding 104
overflow 178
overseas 112
overview 26
overwhelming 24
paraphrase 93
particle 183
patch 183
peasant 47
peninsula 183
perceive 20
personalize 26
persuade 182
persuasive 178
photojournalist 207
physics 16
physiological 133
pioneer 205
poisonous 169
polar 76
politics 63
portrait 202
pose 196
possess 99
precise 98
pressure 23
primary 266
prior 208
profession 219
profound 154
progress 20
promote 167
pronounce 244
proper 23
property 141
prospect 123
prove 29
psychology 126
purchase 178
pursue 31
qualify 135
quality 27
race 207
rage 46
recklessly 180
recognize 24
reflect 75
refugee 203
refuse 202
regulate 176
relative 164
release 13
relieve 27
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
266 New Words
religion 47
renowned 195
replaceable 182
reputation 120
resist 187
resolution 32
resource 134
respectively 29
restate 15
restore 186
restrict 181
retarget 76
retrieve 27
reunion 200
reunite 195
revolution 107
reward 14
ritual 49
rob 31
rural 147
satellite 183
scarce 109
scholarship 209
sculpt 79
secure 141
seek 167
segregation 211
seize 187
senator 204
senior 118
separate 207
sequence 24
servant 47
settle 100
severe 176
sew 157
shoemaker 122
sibling 45
signal 41
sincere 133
slap 48
smash 46
snapshot 195
snowflake 155
sophisticated 76
sort 24
span 23
speculate 78
spill 170
spin 50
spirit 20
splendid 74
stable 120
standard 63
stiff 206
stir 186
stockbroker 102
strict 25
strive 180
stroke 52
stroll 82
substance 169
subtle 76
suck 52
suit 65
sum 85
supervise 77
surface 29
sustain 78
swallow 246
sweep 47
switch 29
symbolize 200
sympathy 74
tease 111
temple 49
tendency 152
terrorist 199
textile 206
texture 79
theme 196
theory 130
thread 206
threat 173
threaten 176
tidy 203
toxic 169
trace 77
tragic 199
transfer 274
transform 72
translate 98
tremendous 25
typical 24
ultimate 126
undergo 31
union 260
unite 115
urban 150
urge 212
villain 65
virtual 65
visualization 27
vote 108
warehouse 77
warranty 190
warrior 47
weave 155
whisper 102
whistle 82
wilderness 205
witness 219
witty 105
workplace 131
worthwhile 130
wreck 203
wrestle 46
S
T
W
New Words 267
U
V
268 New Phrases
a great amount of
a great deal of
academic advisor
apply for
argue with
as for
as well
at least
at one time or another
at risk
at the end of
based on
be ashamed of
be aware of
be exposed to
be flooded with
be fond of
be hard on
be inclined to
be rooted in
be surrounded by
be well known for
bear in mind
believe one’s ears
belong to
bring about
build a good relationship with
by oneself
center on
cheer for
come up with
compared to
contribute to
correspond with
cut down
decide upon
differ from
dirt road
dispose of
environmental activist
even though
face to face
feel like v-ing
for show
fossil fuel
get a raise
get in touch with
get rid of
get used to
give it a shot
give it a try
go off
have a tendency to
have a tough time v-ing
have an argument with
have an effect on
have an impact on
have difficulty v-ing
in a mess
in advance
in an instant
in case
in detail
in front of
in honor of
in person
interact with
it’s time for ~ to …
keep ~ in mind
lead a regular life
lie in
lightning bolt
lightning bug
look after
made the best use of
major in
make a change
make a choice
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
New Phrases
New Phrases 269
make a difference
make an effort to
make one’s way
make sense of
make sure
make up one’s mind
mother tongue
neither ~ nor …
on a daily basis
on one’s side
on the basis of
on the other hand
ought to
participate in
play a role in
point out
publishing house
push ~ away
put ~ into action
reflect on
regardless of
register for
release stress
remind ~ of …
set a goal
set an objective
set aside
show off
side by side
sign up for
slip away
spend time v-ing
stand for
stay fit
stay in shape
stay up
stick to
struggle with
take action
take advantage of
take part in
to one’s disappointment
trash dump
turn away
turn out
used to
visual aid
visual effects
water maple
What if ~?
win second prize
N
O
P
R
S
T
V
W
270 Sources
Reading
Sources
