﻿<Lesson 1>
A 30,000-Volume
Window on the World
1Lesson
Listen & Talk
1. To show the emotions of irritation
It’s really annoying/irritating.
2. To express the ability to do something
Do you know how to use it?
Topic Hobbies
Read
The library of Alberto Manguel and his
love of books
1. My library is a sort of multilayered
autobiography, each book holding the
moment in which I opened it for the
first time.
2. If I had stayed, I would have had
to destroy my library for fear of the
police.
Grammar
Writing a letter to your future self
Write
Study Points
Before You Begin Survey how many students in your class have the hobbies
in the list and make a bar graph.
Watching Movies
Social Networking
Playing Sports
Dancing
Listening to Music
Playing Computer Games
Reading
Other
Hobbies
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Persons
Listen
012 Lesson 1
Get Started
Listen and choose what you heard.
1. Why is the girl annoyed?
She had her textbook stolen.
The pages she needs in the book have been torn out.
2. What does the boy want to know how to use?
A computer program to search for a book
An app that gives driving directions
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. How does the girl feel?
Pleased Irritated Nervous
2. According to the girl, what does her and Melissa’s room look like?
A
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What is the boy talking about?
How to write a book recommendation
Introducing some good books for a birthday gift
Joining a book club as a way to be a good reader
2. Which of the following is true about the book club?
The members read a selected book every week.
The members recommend books to their club members.
The members can buy books at a reduced price.
B
A 30,000-Volume Window on the World 013
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What does the girl want to do?
She wants to order some books online.
She wants to get rid of the books she no longer reads.
She wants the boy to help her with her English homework.
2. Complete the process of how the donated books are sent.
People send their books to a . The volunteers
the books into groups. They send the books to people .
C
About You How do you usually get rid of your old books? Talk with your partner.
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What does the boy NOT have in his new place?
A public library
A county bookmobile service
The chance to volunteer in a library
2. Complete the flyer.
D
Missing a public library?
We have a county service in our county instead!
It’s a moving that goes to , daycares
and other places where there are no libraries nearby.
Come and check it out!
Apple County Bookmobile Service
Sound Tip
What do you usually do there? How about joining a book club?
Talk
014 Lesson 1
A: Seriously, that boy is driving me crazy.
B: You said it. Doesn’t he realize he is in a library?
A: It’s really annoying listening to someone talk so loudly on the phone in a public place.
What’s more, it’s rude.
a theater /
a phone is ringing
the subway /
someone taking up space
while reading a newspaper
a restaurant /
children running around
tables shouting
It’s irritating . . .
I’m annoyed with . . .
I can’t stand . . .
Talk about things you can’t stand or that make you very annoyed.
A Talk with your partner.
B Talk with your partner.
A: Stephanie, I’m having trouble with spam mail. Will you help me?
B: Sure. It’s not as difficult as you think. Just mark the spam mail with the “Spam” button.
A: That’s it?
B: Pretty much. And then delete the filtered spam.
A: Yeah, now I know how to use it. Thanks.
I can . . .
I’m able to . . .
Problem Solution
login Type in your ID and password here.
Then click the login button.
a computer virus Download the vaccine program.
Then run the program by clicking the button.
(On Your Own)
Challenge
Communicative Task
A 30,000-Volume Window on the World 015
Step 1 Choose a topic that you know how to do from the list. Write down the steps.
Topic:
First,
Then,
After that,
Lastly,
A: Ugh, I’m so embarrassed! Jenny, will you help me?
B: Why, Max? What’s wrong?
A: I’ve been trying to tie my shoes, but I can’t. This is really annoying.
B: Don’t worry. I can help you with that. It’s not that difficult at all. Watch and learn. First,
tie a Left-over-Right Starting Knot, and then make both ends into “loops”. Then cross the
two loops over each other so that the right loop ends up in front and the left loop ends
up behind.
A: And then?
B: After that, begin to wrap the left loop around the right loop. Lastly, start to feed the left
loop into the “hole”, then seize hold of both loops and start to pull the knot tight.
A: Is that all? Why did I find it so hard?
B: Not everyone does everything perfectly.
Step 2 Talk with your partner using the skill you chose above.
 
Topic List
 Folding a paper airplane
 Cooking a hard-boiled egg
 Charging a transportation card
 Buying a subway ticket using a
machine
 
How to Tie Shoes
Listen & Talk in Real Life
016 Lesson 1
1st Listening What is the main idea of the statement?
Celebrities who love reading books
Hobbies that bring financial reward
The most influential people in the world
2nd Listening Fill in the blanks.
Madonna
I’m more than just hit songs and shocking
clothes. Besides my musical and acting career,
I’m a
. I have published several
.
I’m an actor and I played the handsome vampire in the movie
Twilight. I am a and I have read the
books that my movies are based on several times. I think reading the
books the characters.
Robert Pattinson
Listen & Answer
Use the Internet to find out about other celebrities who love to read. Share your findings
with the class.
Think & Talk
Before You Read
A 30,000-Volume Window on the World 017
A
Answer the following questions. Then compare with your partner.
1. How many minutes a day do you spend on reading books?
2. Why do you think people enjoy reading?
3. What kind of book do you like to read: fiction or non-fiction?
B
Let others pride themselves about how many pages they have written; I’d
rather boast about the ones I’ve read.
– Jorge Luis Borges
No matter how busy you may think you are, you must find time for
reading, or suffer from lack of knowledge.
– Confucius
Libraries allow children to ask questions about the world and find the
answers. And the wonderful thing is that once a child learns to use a
library, the doors to learning are always open.
– Laura Bush
Read the following quotes and think about what each quote means to you.
Match each word with its meaning. Then guess what the reading passage is about.
occupy accumulation publisher autobiography
1. : collecting or gathering something in an increasing quantity
2. : the literary genre of accounts of people’s lives as recorded by
themselves
3. : to be in or fill time or space
4. : a person or company engaged in the business of publishing books,
newspapers, and magazines
C
ReadRead
018 Lesson 1
“As companions of the long hours
together, the books I have read are part
of my life. They also serve as markers of
the roads I have taken and will take in
life. Since they constantly guide me in
my profession as a writer, it is natural
that they occupy me and my home.”
For the last several years, I have lived in an old stone house in
southwestern France, in a village of fewer than 10 houses. I chose
the place because next to the 15th-century house itself was a barn
large enough to accommodate my library of some 30,000 books,
assembled over six decades.
My library is not a single beast but a collection of many beasts.
It is a fantastic animal made up of several libraries. It was built and
then abandoned, over and over again, throughout my life. I cannot
remember a time when I did not have a library of some sort. My
library is a sort of multilayered autobiography, each book holding
the moment in which I opened it for the first time. The scribbles on
the margins, the occasional date on the blank page, and the faded
bus ticket marking a page, they all try to remind me of who I was
then.
Q 1. Why does the author call his library a sort of multilayered autobiography?
A 30,000-Volume Window on the World
by ALBERTO MANGUEL
companion []
barn []
accommodate []
assemble []
multilayered []
autobiography
[]
scribble []
margin []
faded []
be made up of
to be composed of
e.g. This book is made up of
ten chapters.
5
10
15
20
 Alberto Manguel at his library
A 30,000-Volume Window on the World 019
Q 2. What were the author’s secret rules for rearranging his books?
nanny []
bedtime story
rearrange []
stuffed animal
adolescence []
matter []
supreme []
intimacy []
haunt []
be permitted to
to be allowed to
e.g. Students are permitted
to use the schoolyard
during the vacation.
5
10
15
One of my earliest memories is of a shelf full of books on the
wall above my bed. My nanny would choose a bedtime story from
there. This was my first library. When I learned to read by myself,
the shelf, moved to safe ground level, became my private world.
I remember rearranging my books according to my own secret
rules: the fat collections of fairy tales were not allowed to touch the
small-sized picture books, and stuffed animals were not permitted
to sit on the same shelf as the books. I told myself that if these rules
were upset, terrible things would happen.
The library of my adolescence in Buenos Aires contained almost
every book that still matters to me today. Generous teachers,
passionate booksellers, friends for whom giving a book was a
supreme act of intimacy and trust, helped me build it. Their ghosts
kindly haunt my shelves and the books they gave still carry their
voices. I have the impression not of reading the book myself but
of being read to. This is one of the reasons I never feel alone in my
library.
020 Lesson 1
I left my books behind when I set off for Europe in 1969, some
time before the military dictatorship. I was 21 years old and wanted
to see the world I had read about, the London of Dickens, the Paris
of Marcel Aymé. If I had stayed, I would have had to destroy my
library for fear of the police. In those terrible days one could be
accused of anti-government activity merely for being seen with a
book that looked suspicious. (Someone I knew was arrested as a
communist for carrying with him The Red and the Black.) Argentine
plumbers found an unprecedented call for their services, since many
readers tried to burn their books in their toilet bowls, causing the
bowl to crack.
Q 3. Why did the author set off for Europe?
military dictatorship
suspicious []
communist []
plumber []
unprecedented
[]
crack []
set off
to start to go on a journey
be accused of
to be charged with a crime
e.g. He is accused of taking
bribe.
5
10
A 30,000-Volume Window on the World 021
In every place I settled, a library began to grow almost on its
own. In Paris and in London, in the humid heat of Tahiti where
I worked as a publisher for five long years, in Toronto and in
Calgary, I collected books. Every time I would ask myself how
it had happened, this accumulation of paper and ink once again
would cover my walls like ivy.
The library as it now stands houses the remains of all those
previous libraries. There are few books that a professional collector
of books would find worthy. I have dozens of very bad books that I
do not throw away in case I ever need an example of a book I think
is bad. I did not give them to anyone because I would not give away
books I was not fond of. Nor do I lend books. If I want someone to
read a book, I will buy a copy and offer it as a gift. I believe that to
lend a book is an encouragement to theft.
Q 4. How does the author feel about lending a book?
humid []
publisher []
accumulation
[]
ivy []
theft []
give away
to make a present of
(something)
e.g. My cousin gave away
her clothes to me when
they no longer fit to her.
5
10
022 Lesson 1
Like every library, mine will eventually exceed the space given
to it. Barely seven years after setting it up, it has already spread
into the main body of the house. My detective novels fill one of the
guest bedrooms, known now by friends and family as the Murder
Room. There is a story by Julio Cortázar, House Taken Over, in
which a brother and sister are forced to move from room to room
as something unnamed occupies, inch by inch, their entire house,
eventually forcing them out into the street.
I predict a day will come when my books will complete their
gradual conquest. I will then be forced to retreat to the garden.
But knowing the way of books, I fear that the garden may not be
perfectly safe from my library’s hungry attack.
eventually []
exceed []
barely []
unnamed []
occupy []
gradual conquest
conquest []
retreat []
Q 5. Why is one of the guest rooms called the Murder Room?
5
10
After You Read
A 30,000-Volume Window on the World 023
A Complete the graphic organizer.
Choose another title for the text.
Why the Library Has Lost Its Reputation
Library, the Storing Place of Collective Memory
How the Library Becomes a Beast Forcing Human Beings Out into the Street
B
The first library was a full of
books on the wall above my bed.
1
Now, the library houses
the of all those
previous libraries.
5
In every place I settled, a
began to grow
almost on its own.
4
The library of my adolescence
contained almost every book
that still to me
today.
2
I predict a day will come when my books will complete their gradual
, and I will be forced to retreat to the .
6
My library of
some
books was
assembled over six
decades.
In what way is the story organized?
By comparing and contrasting the facts
By giving causes and effects of the events
By narrating the story according to time order
C
I left my behind
when I set off for Europe in
1969, which made it possible
not to destroy them under the
military .
3
Find the words that are used to describe books in the text. Then, think of the reasons the
author used those words.
Think & Present
024 Lesson 1
A Read the following passage.
C Present your role model and the reason you chose him/her to the class.
A role model is someone you would like to be like when you get older, or someone who
does something you find hard to do. Almost everyone has a role model in their life, and
each has a different one. They could be a parent, a friend, a teacher or a sports hero. They
could be someone you read about in a book. Who is your role model?
Think of your role model and answer the following questions.
1. Who is your role model?
2. Why do you respect him or her?
3. How has he or she influenced you?
B
Rebecca
Alberto Manguel
Richard
My role model is my mother. She has had some rough times in her
life, but has always tried to overcome them with a smile on her face.
She is always very nice, funny and welcoming. She encourages me to
follow in her footsteps.
Bill Gates is my role model. He founded a software company called
Microsoft and earned billions of dollars. However, instead of using
that money for his own sake, he donated that money to charities,
changing many people’s lives.
My role models were generous teachers, passionate booksellers,
and friends. They led me to be a writer and helped me build my
library, so that I can still keep good company with them through the
books they have given me.
A 30,000-Volume Window on the World 025
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.
1. A patient man has great understanding, but a quick- (temper) man
acts foolish.
2. Keeping up with social media can be a time- (consume) task.
3. I had a nice time with Harry-he is good company and very easy- (go).
A Word Formation
Language Focus
Fill in the blanks with the phrases above.
1. The human body billions of cells.
2. The company decided to the software program free.
3. I have some chocolate bars in my office I get hungry.
B Useful Expressions
 It is a fantastic animal made up of several libraries.
A decade is made up of ten years.
 I do not throw away bad books in case I need an example of a bad book.
Please remind me to turn the gas off, in case I forget.
 I did not give them to anyone because I would not give away books I was not fond of.
After Martin retired, he gave most of his money away to charity.
Find the meaning of the following expressions by searching the Internet.
@
complete conquest , make conquest GO!
small-size
quick-temper
absent-mind
-ed
small-sized
quick-tempered
absent-minded
time-consume
easy-go
tight-fit
-ing
time-consuming
easy-going
tight-fitting
C Collocation
leave
stay
remain
behind
perfectly
completely
relatively
safe
026 Lesson 1
Choose the correct words.
(1) The bag (which / in which) the robbers put the money was found outside the bank.
(2) I entered the top of the tower, (from which / which) I could look down upon the
whole city.
(3) Rebecca, (to whom / for whom) they had been waiting, finally arrived.
(4) He was respected by the people he worked (with / in).
D Grammar
1 My library is a sort of multilayered autobiography, each book holding the moment
in which I opened it for the first time.
 Ms. Ford, to whom I spoke on the phone this morning, was interested in our
Green Project.
cf. Brenda is a friend (who) I went on holiday with.
Complete the sentences using the given words.
(1) We wanted to go out yesterday; but the weather was terrible.
If it
(be)
a nice day, we
(go)
for a picnic.
(2) Fortunately the bomb attack took place at night when the streets were empty.
It
(be)
a disaster if it
(happen)
in the middle of the day.
(3) Jennifer was here not long ago. If you
(come)
earlier, you
(see)
her.
2 If I had stayed, I would have had to destroy my library for fear of the police.
 If I had seen Mary at the conference, I could have introduced her to you.
 If my sister had not reminded me, I would have forgotten my father’s birthday.
cf. Had I stayed, I would have had to destroy my library for fear of the police.
Grammar in writing Write
A 30,000-Volume Window on the World 027
A Combine the two sentences into one like the example.
B Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using the given words.
If Juliet (have) time, she (tell)
Romeo about the potion that she took to make her appear to be
dead.
If Romeo (not be) so hurried in drinking the
poison, he (notice) that Juliet’s lips and
cheeks were still red.
1. My father is the person. I’ve always depended on him when I need help.
2. The university is in Paris. I really want to get admission from the university.
3. A hotel is the best place. People can stay while they are away from home.
I want to visit Morocco. The Marathon of the Sands takes place in the country.
I want to visit Morocco in which the Marathon of the Sands takes place.
e.g.
Writing a letter to your future self
028 Lesson 1
Step 1 Visit www.futureme.org and read some letters to the future selves. Choose one and
present it to the class.
Step 2 Decide the point in time you want to write to and think about the questions below.
1. Choose a point in time.
One year later Five years later Ten years later
2. Look at today’s date. Write to yourself exactly (one / five / ten) year(s) from now.
(1) What do you want your future self to be like?
(2) What are the dreams and goals you would want to be realized by then? Or, what
is your desired status at that time?
(3) What do you want to say to your future self?
Step 3 Write to your future self. Then, seal it in an envelope and keep it in a safe place.
A Letter to My Future Self
Today’s Date:
Opening Date:
Dear Future Me,
Sincerely,
Your Past Self
Making a book jacket Project Work
A 30,000-Volume Window on the World 029
Look at the book jacket for Animal Farm by George Orwell. What information makes up
each of the five parts of the book jacket? Talk with your partner.
1.
3. Present your group’s book jacket to the class.
George Orwell
(1903-1950) was born
in Motihari, India,
to British parents.
His first novel, Down
and Out in Paris
and London, was
published in 1933.
Animal Farm was
published in 1945,
which became his
first major success.
Introduction of
Animal Farm
The stor y is set on
the Manor Farm. One
night, Old Major tells
the farm animals
that the sufferings of
their daily lives is all
due to the strictness
of human beings,
and that if they
defeat humans, their
lives will become
comfortable.
It tells a good story that
aims to prove that human
nature and diversity
prevent people from being
equal and happy , or at
least equally happy.
–Anna Hassapi
Animal Farm tells me
absolute power can lead
to immorality. The book
shows how the ones with
the most power are led to
make decisions based on
their own advantages. This
is morally wrong because
the power was gained
from the trust of other
people.
2. Make a group of four, and decide on the book your group will make a book jacket for.
* Things you should include in your book jacket:
Author’s
picture and
their brief
biography
The title & author
A brief
introduction
of the book
A short review of the book,
including your opinions on
the message of the book.
A title and author’s name,
Including a picture that
represents the book
(Use your imagination to
make it interesting.)
Author ’s
picture and
their brief
biography
The title & author
A brief
introduction
of the book
A short review of
the book, including
your opinions on
the message of the
book
A title and author’s
name, including a
picture that represents
the book
(Use your imagination
to make it interesting.)
030 Lesson 1
A Listen and choose the reason the boy is annoyed.
His monitor is not clear.
He was charged too much for the repair.
His laptop computer was not repaired properly.
B Listen and answer the questions.
1. What problem does the girl have?
She cannot make the paper stars.
She cannot unfold the paper in step 2.
She cannot follow the instructions for folding the twin birds.
2. Why is the boy able to help the girl?
Because he is a paper folding instructor.
Because he wrote a book about paper folding.
Because he has done paper folding for a long time.
, put the meat and vegetables on the skewers.
, take the kebabs off the barbecue and enjoy!
, put the kebabs on the barbecue and season with the sauce.
, grill the kebabs for 10 minutes, turning them over from time to time.
, cut up some meat and vegetables.
Look at the cooking procedure for making barbecued kebabs. Number the sentences
and fill in the blanks with sequence adverbs: First, Then, Next, After that, Finally. Present
each step using sequence adverbs.
C
A: Do you know how to cook kebab?
B: Of course. It’s not that difficult. Let me tell you.
 
 
 
*skewer: 
A 30,000-Volume Window on the World 031
D Read and answer the questions.
1. Choose the underlined word that is ungrammatical.
The library of my adolescence in Buenos Aires contained almost every book
that still matters to me today. Generous teachers, passionate booksellers, friends
whom giving a book was a supreme act of intimacy and trust, helped me build it.
Their ghosts kindly haunt my shelves and the books they gave still carry their
voices. I have the impression not of reading the book myself but of being read to.
This is one of the reasons I never feel alone in my library.
2. Which sentence best describes the following paragraphs?
Like every library, mine will eventually exceed the space given to it. Barely seven
years after setting it up, it has already spread into the main body of the house. My
detective novels fill one of the guest bedrooms, known now by friends and family
as the Murder Room. There is a story by Julio Cortázar, House Taken Over, in which
a brother and sister are forced to move from room to room as something unnamed
occupies, inch by inch, their entire house, eventually forcing them out into the street.
I predict a day will come when my books will complete their gradual conquest.
I will then be forced to retreat to the garden. But knowing the way of books, I fear
that the garden may not be perfectly safe from my library’s hungry attack.
Buying many books causes conflicts with the author’s family members.
Reading many books makes the author confuse reality with fiction.
The number of the books will increase and occupy many parts of the author’s house.
A brother and sister are forced to move out from the house.
 The name of the book
 The author of the book
 The reasons you recommend the book
Write a book recommendation to your friend. Include the three elements below.
(60-80 words)
E
 . . . written by . . . is an amazing book to read.
 What I like most is . . .
 It was awesome and I’d like to recommend it.
Expressions
<Lesson 2>
School Days
with a Pig
2Lesson
Study Points
Listen & Talk
1. To express opinions
It seems to me eating this is killing her
twice.
2. To express contentment of something
I’m (not) satisfied/happy with the price
of food.
Topic Understand Where Our
Food Comes from
Read
The plot of the film, School Days with a Pig
Write
Writing a movie review
1. Whichever decision they make, the
concept of responsibility is raised
repeatedly by both sides of the
argument.
2. I should have guided them toward a
conclusion, but I think they benefited
from the lesson because there was no
right answer.
Grammar
Before You Begin How often do you eat grains, fats and oils, meat and
beans, fruits and vegetables, or dairy products in a week?
Make your own diagram by connecting the dots of your
answers. Talk about your eating habits using the diagram.
1 : Never
2 : Once a week
3 : Three times a week
4 : Five times a week
5 : Everyday
1
Dairy
Products
Fruits &
Vegetables
Meat &
Beans
Fats &
Oils
Grains
2
3
4
5
Eating Habit Diagram
Listen
034 Lesson 2
Get Started
2. What is the man not happy with at the
restaurant?
Listen and choose what you heard.
1. What does the teacher seem to spend
too much time doing with the boy?
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What will the notice at the school cafeteria say?
2. Complete the summary.
B
Vocabulary
reservation
discrimination
irrelevant
inherit
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What’s the main idea of the conversation?
The effect of a grape diet Eating a balanced diet The importance of exercise
2. Fill in the blanks.
A
The boy is not happy that will be banned from the school
cafeteria. He loves them because they help him . But when he hears
that they are not good for his health, he decides to on drinking them.
The girl wants to go on a diet by eating only for breakfast and
lunch and skipping . However, her dad advises her to eat more
and less .
Coffee will
no longer be served.
Fruits will
no longer be served.
Energy Drinks will
no longer be served.
School Days with a Pig 035
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What best describes Suho’s feeling?
Pleased Sad Nervous
2. Which of the following is NOT true?
Fried chicken was Suho’s favorite food.
Suho is willing to eat fried chicken now.
Suho took care of his friend Co-Co for three months.
C
About You If you were in Suho’s shoes, would you eat the fried chicken? Talk with your partner.
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What is the topic of the class discussion?
Where to go for the class field trip
What to do for volunteer work
Where to go for the family gathering
2. Fill in the chart.
Name Suggested Activity Reason for the Suggestion
Jina We can see the splendid collection.
Mike Go camping We can have a .
Jake
We can learn how to cooperate by
and making cheese together.
D
Sound Tip
Is there something wrong? What do you think of this restaurant?
Talk
036 Lesson 2
A: It seems to me that first impressions are very important.
B: I agree with you.
A: How can we give a good first impression?
B: I think wearing neat clothing will help. It creates a feeling of trust.
What do you think is the most important thing you share with your friends? What
kind of things do you do to keep your friendship strong?
A Talk with your partner.
 smiling – It makes other people smile.
 keeping a good posture – It makes you look confident.
 –
(On Your Own)
 lunch menu – it always has fried food
 festival costume – they look as if they were made out of paper towels
 after school activity – it’s not that challenging
I think . . .
I’d say. . .
If you ask me , I’d say . . .
B Talk with your partner.
A: Hey, what do you think of the school start time?
A: I just think it’s too early so I can’t get enough
sleep. I’m not happy.
B: Well, I’m pretty satisfied with it. Why?
B: Well, I see your point.
I’m (not) happy with / about . . .
Challenge
Communicative Task
School Days with a Pig 037
Step 1 Fill in the blanks with the food that represents each country.
Step 2 Talk about restaurants and their food with your partner.
A: Where do you think is the best place to have Taylor’s birthday party?
B: How about the Japanese restaurant we went to the other day? I was satisfied with the
service and quality of food, especially the udon.
A: Well, if you ask me, I’d say it was a bit expensive. How about the Turkish restaurant on
5th Street?
B: Oh, the kebab there is really good.
A: Great! Let me reserve a table for us then.
Step 3 Recommend the most satisfying restaurant you’ve been to recently.
France:
Italy: Turkey: Kebab
India:
China:
Mexico:
Japan: Udon
Self Assessment
not bad (1 point) good (2 points) excellent (3 points)
Rubric Fluency Clear
Pronunciation
Precise
Vocabulary Good Structure Appropriate
Response
Your Score
Listen & Talk in Real Life
038 Lesson 2
1st Listening Choose the topic of the short talk.
Benefits of keeping pets
Reasons to protect animals
Dangers of animal experiments
2nd Listening Fill in the chart.
Why do we keep pets?
1. A pet can be our .
 Pets encourage you to to reduce stress.
 Pets never make you , even when you are alone.
2. Pets guard .
 The houses will be safer because strangers will be the animals
inside.
3. Pets encourage good among children.
 Children who usually play with pets can become more .
Listen & Answer
Are you for or against keeping pets? Think about two or three reasons for your opinion
and talk with your partner.
Think & Talk
Before You Read
School Days with a Pig 039
Dog Pig
A Talk about the words that come to mind when you think of dogs and pigs.
Imagine one day your teacher brings a piglet to your class and says that you are going
to raise and eat it later. What would you think of his suggestion? Share your thought and
feelings with your partner.
C
B Read the following lines and guess the story of the movie, School Days with a Pig.
Yes, let’s raise the pig!
Is eating pork cruel?
It’s hard, but we can’t just leave her behind.
We’re graduating soon.
This class raised P-chan, so this class must decide.
Who decides the length of someone’s life?
Read
Cute little pig,
don’t you think?
Well, what do humans
need to live?
That’s right. Food. Humans need
to eat to stay alive. If we don’t eat,
we die. We eat other living things.
I want you all to understand what
that really means. What do you
think?
Air.
Why would we
have to eat it?
Yes, but why do we
have a pig at school?
Yes, air, and
what else?
Food.
I was thinking maybe we would all
raise it together and then, at the end of
the year, eat it. What would you think
of that?
School Days with a Pig
School Days with a Pig is a Japanese film based on a real event that happened in Osaka,
Japan. The following is from the beginning of the movie.
Yes, let’s raise it!
Are you sure? It won’t be easy.
For one thing, pigs smell. It will
be a lot of work to take care of it,
keeping it healthy and fed.
We can handle it!
Can I touch it?
Sure.
Maybe?
Maybe we can try it.
042 Lesson 2
Q 1. Why does Mr. Hoshi want to raise a pig in the school?
raise []
energetic []
piglet []
school administration
connection []
hesitant []
opposition []
insistence []
reservation []
pen []
leftover []
up to one's knees
give the green light
to give permission for
something to happen
e.g. She’s waiting for her
mom to give her the green
light to play outside.
Early on in the film, School Days with a
Pig, it is easy to see a conflict developing. How
does one raise an animal, care for it, and then
kill it for food?
The film begins with Mr. Hoshi, a young
and energetic sixth grade teacher, bringing
a piglet to school. He explains to the school
administration that the goal is to raise the pig
throughout the school year and then eat it at the end. The process
is to teach the students the connection between life and food. At
first, the principal is hesitant due to the issue of student safety and
potential opposition from parents. The principal asks the teacher if a
chicken would be better instead of a pig. But at Mr. Hoshi’s insistence,
the principal gives the experiment the green light.
Mr. Hoshi explains to his class the goal of the project. After
seeing the piglet, the children instantly fall in love with it and
express their eagerness to raise it. In spite of some reservations
on the part of Mr. Hoshi, the students name their new classmate
“P-chan”, build her a pen in the schoolyard, and busy themselves
taking care of her. They also begin to bond with P-chan. That, of
course, can only bring heartache in the end. Every day the students
gather leftover food from the school cafeteria to feed the pig. They
say good-bye to P-chan before going home after school. They play
soccer with P-chan and are up to their knees in pig droppings.
5
10
15
20
 The children having fun with P-chan
School Days with a Pig 043
The children love spending time with P-chan, but their parents
are uneasy. Disgruntled parents complain to the school that
their children talk only of P-chan and come home with bruises
and scratches after playing with her. They are particularly upset
because the children’s clothes smell of pig droppings.
Parent 1 : My son scraped his knee while handling the pig. It’s not like
he got hurt during PE. Why does he have to play with a pig
and get hurt?
Mr. Hoshi : Oh, that happened while he was playing soccer with P-chan.
It wasn’t the pig’s fault.
Principal : Mr. Hoshi! An injury is an injury. The cause is irrelevant.
Mr. Hoshi : I’m sorry.
Parent 2 : That’s not all. My daughter’s clothes smell awful. I have to
wash them over and over, separate from the other clothes.
Also, she never finishes her dinner because she wants to take
leftovers to school for the pig.
Parent 3 : Do the children go to school to learn or to raise pigs?
Parent 4 : Mr. Hoshi, my child talks only about the pig.
Parent 5 : Besides, raising a pig and eating it is cruel. That is something
the children should not have to go through.
Mr. Hoshi : Is eating pork cruel?
Parent 2 : Mr. Hoshi, you’re new here and young. You don’t know how to
handle sixth graders.
Parent 1 : Whose teacher are you? My child’s or the pig’s?
Principal : I understand your concerns regarding this matter. I have only
one question: Since the pig came to school, have the children
complained about it or about Mr. Hoshi? Lessons in school
depend upon trust between the students and the teacher. Mr.
Hoshi is young, but he is trying to teach the kids a vital lesson.
I think the children sense his earnestness, so they agreed to
take part in his lesson about life. As the school principal, I’d
like to trust Mr. Hoshi and the children to decide. Please trust
us. Thank you.
Q 2. Why do the parents complain about the project of raising P-chan?
disgruntled []
scrape []
irrelevant []
concern []
vital lesson
5
10
15
20
25
30
044 Lesson 2
Time passes. The children who share memories of the school
year experience a dilemma over a lunch of pork. They start to
discuss their views on P-chan and the issue of cooking her for
lunch. The class is divided: those who could not bear to kill and eat
P-chan, and those who argue that they should stick to the original
plan. While some students argue that P-chan is more than a pig,
that she is a friend and even a member of the class, other students
argue that when a pig reaches the age of six months old, it should
be butchered for meat. Some even go further to say that not to
kill P-chan, while killing and eating other animals, is a sort of
discrimination.
As the school year comes to a close, the students must come to
a decision. It is easy to get drawn into the increasingly emotional
debate about what to do with P-chan. The class cannot reach a
decision, so instead they look for others who wish to raise P-chan.
Finally, a third grade class expresses its wish to raise her, but
P-chan, already too big to handle, would be impossible for smaller
children to manage.
Q 3. What issue are the students debating?
dilemma []
butcher []
discrimination
[]
come to a decision
stick to
to follow or continue
with something without
changing it
e.g. It is going to be hard
to stick to the schedule
with this much work.
5
10
15
 The class arguing on what to do with P-chan
School Days with a Pig 045
Yuma : This class raised P-chan, so this class must decide.
Hana : Instead of killing P-chan for your convenience, why not let her
live longer?
Nanoka : She’s still growing. The third graders won’t be able to handle
her. Besides, pigs exist to be eaten.
Rikia : That’s decided by humans, not nature. We can decide to do
something different. For my part, I won’t eat her.
Yuma : But you’re human. You say it is heartless, but you all eat
meat. If P-chan is turned into meat, then it won’t be P-chan
anymore. We all eat to stay alive, so why is eating P-chan
heartless, but eating other animals is not?
Rikia : It just is. We do not have to eat P-chan.
Nanoka : Eating other pigs, but not P-chan is discrimination.
Minori : We worked hard to raise P-chan, so she’s not like other pigs.
Mio : P-chan’s going to die some day.
Rikia : Of course, but does that make it okay to kill her now?
Mio : That’s not what I meant. Pigs are usually butchered at the age
of six months. P-chan has had a full life.
Minori : So you’re saying it’s OK to kill her. That’s OK with you?
Yuma : Killing and eating aren’t the same.
Hana : What’s the difference?
Mio : Killing is robbing life for no reason. Eating means we inherit
the animal’s life.
Rikia : P-chan is our classmate. How can you talk about eating her?
Nanoka : It’s hard, but we can’t just leave her behind. We’re graduating
soon.
Minori : Don’t you want her to go on living?
Nanoka : Yes, of course, I want her to live, too.
Hana : You don’t have to eat her.
Yuma : But even if we leave her behind, it’s just putting off the
inevitable. We’re the ones who raised her, so we have a
responsibility to end it.
Hana : Mr. Hoshi. Who decides the length of someone’s life?
Mr. Hoshi : Well, I don’t think anybody can.
Q 4. Why can the students not just leave P-chan behind?
convenience []
stay alive
inherit []
inevitable []
5
10
15
20
25
30
 Pictures of P-chan
drawn by children
046 Lesson 2
Graduation is drawing
near, when the class and Mr.
Hoshi have to make a final
decision. Whichever decision
they make , the concept
of responsibility is raised
repeatedly by both sides of the
argument. The class decides to
vote on it. The outcome of the
vote is 13 to 13. The students
want to know what Mr. Hoshi
thinks about the matter, and
ask him to cast the final vote
as a member of the class.
After thinking long and hard,
Mr. Hoshi finally casts the
deciding vote-to send P-chan
to the slaughterhouse.
Mr. Hoshi : Perhaps I should have guided them toward a conclusion,
but I think they benefited from the lesson because there was
no right answer. It was an opportunity for them to think for
themselves and to discuss the matter seriously.
Principal : You’re right. It was a precious lesson for the students. It was
never a matter of success or failure. The purpose was for the
students to think about life, and in that you succeeded.
cast the vote
slaughterhouse
[]
precious lesson
5
10
15
20
25
Q 5. What is the conclusion of the argument?
Background
Information
School Days with a Pig is
based on a controversial
event that took place in
Osaka, Japan in 1990.
While it is difficult to
know how closely the
film tracks the original
story, the movie version
certainly makes viewers
t h i n k a b o u t s o m e
important issues.
 The class sending P-chan to the
slaughterhouse
After You Read
School Days with a Pig 047
Search the Internet for a news article about the friendship between kids and animals. Then tell
the story to your partner.
@@
A Complete the following story timeline using the phrases in the box.
brings a piglet to a sixth grade class in a school
start to discuss their views on P-chan and the issue of cooking her for lunch
name it P-chan and love spending time with P-chan
upset because the children’s clothes smell of pig droppings
cannot reach a decision
April The beginning of the school year
 Mr. Hoshi . The children instantly
fall in love with it and express their eagerness to raise it. They
.
 A few days later, disgruntled parents complain to the school that their children talk only
of P-chan. They are .
September The fall term
The children . The children are divided.
February
The children debate a lot about what to do with P-chan, but they .
Graduation
With Mr. Hoshi’s final vote, P-chan was sent to the slaughterhouse.
Setting : Osaka, Japan
Characters : Mr. Hoshi, sixth grade students, P-chan
What was the goal of the pig raising project?
To teach students that they live by eating other lives
To show how a wild animal becomes a pet
To help children learn how to debate well
B
Think & Express
048 Lesson 2
Read the interview with Mr. Hoshi and students who participated in the experiment. The
interview was done twenty years after the experiment.
A
Answer the following questions.
1. How do you feel after reading the interviews with the teacher and students?
2. Did the story affect your opinion about food? In what way?
3. What would you do if you were in the same situation as the sixth grade class? Why would
you make such decision?
B
Mr. Hoshi : It should be pretty obvious that the process of raising and slaughtering your own
pig can serve to remind students that some of the food they eat was once a fleshand-
blood creature. I wanted to give my students lessons about coexistence of
lives in our world, and the fact that we live on by eating
other living things. That’s why children could make a
decision to eat P-chan.
Nakaue : While taking care of P-chan, I learned of the responsibility
that is necessary to breed animals, as not a single day off was
allowed when raising an animal.
Sasaike : Before spending time with P-chan, I’d never thought about
pigs. But now, whenever I see pigs, I think of her. And as I have raised a living
being, I have different feelings about the pigs. Now, I never leave a bit of meat
after the meal, no matter how full I am. Moreover, I cannot forgive those who
leave cooked pork uneaten at a barbecue party.
Make groups of four and talk about whether you would eat P-chan or not. Organize your
group’s ideas and opinion in a table and present it to the class.
C
Language Focus
School Days with a Pig 049
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.
1. Technical will be provided to communities throughout the country. (assist)
2. Ted’s on being left alone made his parents worried. (insist)
3. Kate asked me to confirm our on our flight. (reserve)
A Word Formation
Fill in the blanks with the phrases above.
1. They have just received permission to build a culture center in the region.
= They have just been given to build a culture center in the region.
2. The wait in line to vote was almost an hour.
= The wait in line to one’s was almost an hour.
3. The students asked the teacher to postpone the test until the next week.
= The students asked the teacher to the test until the next week.
B Useful Expressions
 At Mr. Hoshi’s insistence, the principal gives the experiment the green light .
The committee has decided to give the green light to the free-lunch plan.
 Mr. Hoshi finally casts the deciding vote - to send P-chan to the slaughterhouse.
The citizens cast their votes for president.
 Even if we leave her behind, it is just putting off the inevitable.
The conference has been put off until next month.
C Collocation
insist
assist
appear
-ence/ance
(process/
state of)
insistence
assistance
appearance
share
refresh
recall
memory
reserve
accuse
explain
-ation
(process/
state of)
reservation
accusation
explanation
stick to
cancel
reveal
the plan
050 Lesson 2
Choose the proper word in the given sentences.
(1) It is a potluck party. (Whoever / Whatever) comes to the party must bring a dish.
(2) (Whichever / Whoever) decision we took, there would be some negative effects on
our economy.
(3) We try (whatever / whoever) it takes to provide the best service to our hotel guests.
D Grammar
1 Whichever decision they make, the concept of responsibility is raised repeatedly by
both sides of the argument.
 I’m going to buy an MP3 player, whatever it costs.
 Whoever directed this film, it is no good.
cf. No matter what problem you have, you can always come to me for help.
Complete the sentences using the given words.
(1) Last year, I participated in the National Championship as a runner.
I
(win the race)
, but I tripped over a stone.
(2) Yesterday, I went to a movie but it was so terrible. On the way home I regretted
having gone to the movies and couldn’t help thinking it was a waste of time and
money. I
(go to the movie)
.
(3) My friend, Sophie didn’t feel good a couple of days ago. I told her to take some
medicine, but she didn’t. That was a mistake. Now she is very sick. She
(listen to me)
.
2 I should have guided them toward a conclusion, but I think they benefited from the
lesson.
 Hojin feels sick. He shouldn’t have eaten so much cake.
 Jill wishes that her mom could have been there in time to hear her speech.
cf. Andy knows the whole story as if he was there. I think he must have been there.
Grammar in writing Write
School Days with a Pig 051
A What do you say in each situation? Make sentences using should/could/must + have + p.p.
Complete the sentences using whoever, wherever and whatever.
1. I prayed for the Midas touch, but I was not granted it.
turns to stone.
2. My younger sister never sleeps without her teddy bear. Moreover, she never leaves her
teddy bear behind. She brings it with her .
3. Treasure is buried on this island. first, they can keep it.
B
e.g.
You didn’t go to bed early last night. You
are too tired to concentrate on the class.
I should have gone to bed early last
night.
1.
2.
3.
You weren’t sure which way to go. In
the end, you turned right. And you
found out it was the wrong way.
You didn’t tell your friend the party
was postponed. If he knew, he would
never forgive you. You regret not
having told him.
You didn’t resist temptation to
buy expensive goods. Now you are
suffering because you are short of
money.
Writing a movie review
052 Lesson 2
Step 1 Choose a movie you want to write about and fill out the movie review organizer.
 Characters – The main characters are . . .
– This is what happened to . . .
 Plot – The story is about . . .
– The story begins in . . .
– The film focuses on . . .
 Opinion – The movie made me feel . . .
– It made me think about . . .
 Recommendation
– Don’t miss it!
– All in all, it’s well worth seeing.
– I wouldn’t recommend it.
Writer’s Tip!
Step 2 Complete the movie review based on the above organizer.
MOVIE NOTES
Name of the film : Setting:
Type of movie : (human drama/action/horror/fantasy/adventure/romantic movie)
Characters :
Plot :
Opinion :
Recommendation :
, directed by , is set in .
Plot
Characters
Opinion
Recommendation
What the World Eats Project Work
School Days with a Pig 053
These pictures show what different families in four countries eat in a week. Check the food
expenditure for a week and talk about the characteristics of the foods in each country.
1.
List the foods you eat on your dinner table in a week and describe the characteristic of
your meals. Then compare your weekly meal to the meals from other countries.
2.
Grains Fruits and
vegetables Dairy products Meat and beans Fats and oils
 Italy, $260.11
 United States of America, $341.98
 Egypt, $68.53
 Ecuador, $31.55
054 Lesson 2
A Listen and choose what the girl is doing.
Selecting new members for her drama club
Surveying the student’s opinion for the school lunch menu
Conducting an election campaign for student council president
B Listen and answer the questions.
1. What percent of Americans are overweight?
About 32% About 36% About 42%
2. What does the boy like about fast food?
He likes the taste of it.
He thinks it is fast and healthy.
He likes the informal atmosphere of the restaurant.
You mean they should be closed?
Hmm. You have a point here.
Well, I’m not happy with your idea. It seems to me stores should be closed
on Sundays.
Complete the dialog by choosing the correct sentences below. Next, act it out with your
partner.
C
A: You know I think all stores should be open on Sundays. Wouldn’t you say so?
B:
A: Well, why do you feel that way?
B: People who work all week need a rest.
A:
B: Yes. The family of clerks also needs some time to get together.
A:
School Days with a Pig 055
D Read the following and answer the questions.
Mr. Hoshi explains to his class the goal of the project. After seeing the piglet, the
children instantly fall in love with it and express their eagerness to raise it. In spite of
some reservations on the part of Mr. Hoshi, the students name their new classmate
“P-chan”, build her a pen in the schoolyard, and busy themselves taking care of her.
They also begin to bond with P-chan. That, of course, can only bring heartache in the
end. Every day the students gather leftover food from the school cafeteria to feed the
pig. They say good-bye to P-chan before going home after school. They play soccer with
P-chan and are up to their knees in pig droppings.
The children love spending time with P-chan, but their parents are uneasy.
Disgruntled parents complain to the school that their children talk only of P-chan and
come home with bruises and scratches after playing with her. They are particularly
upset because the children’s clothes smell of pig droppings.
Write about the food you eat the most often. Include the four elements below.
(40-60 words)
E
 The name of food
 How often you eat it
 The nutrition the food contains
 The reason you like it
1. Choose the sentence that has the same meaning as the underlined word.
I’d like to make reservations at 6:00.
I recommended him without any reservations.
You are not allowed to hunt in Indian reservations.
The reservation system allows you to reserve and pick up a smartphone from the
store next day.
2. Which of the following is true?
The students do not like the piglet when they first see her.
The parents complain that their kids do not study hard.
The leftover food from the school cafeteria is the piglet’s food.
The teacher calls the piglet P-chan to help the students bond with
her.
Search the Internet for other famous libraries from around the world and talk about
them with your classmates.
Famous Libraries
056 Culture Time
The Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
With over 32 million books, the Library of Congress has the
largest collection in the world. Not only that, but it is the oldest
cultural institution in the US. Consisting of three buildings,
the library is open to the public, as well as the members of
Congress. However, since the library is a research institution for
the Congress, only the members of Congress, Supreme Court
justices, and some government officials may actually check out books.
National Library of St. Mark’s, Venice, Italy
The National Library of St. Mark’s houses one of the largest
and most important collections of classical texts. The library
began in 1468 with a donation of 250 manuscripts and 750
codices by Cardinal Bessarion. In 1603, a law was passed that
required a copy of every book printed in Venice to be given to
the library. Because of this law, the library now holds more than
a million books, over 13,000 manuscripts, 2883 incunabular (a kind of printed book), and
over 24,000 16th century works. This impressive collection makes it one of the most extensive
and valuable for researchers and historians.
José Vasconcelos Library, Mexico City, Mexico
The José Vasconcelos Library is one of the most stunning
libraries to have been built in the last 20 years. Visitors to the
library are greeted by Gabriel Orcozco’s painted whale skeleton
hanging from the ceiling. Throughout the library, the modern
shelving system frames sculptures and paintings by famous
Mexican artists.
The National Library of Korea
The National Library of Korea was established in 1945 and
now houses over 6.5 million volumes of works, including several
National Treasures. The collection also includes 844,000 foreign
books on Korea, making it an important resource for historians
and researchers of Korean history. In 2006, the National
Children and Youth library was added. 2009 saw the addition of the National Digital Library
to serve as an archive of the nation’s digital collections.
Talk about other idioms and proverbs related to pigs with your classmates.
Pigs in English Idioms
Culture Time 057
Pigs have influenced many idioms and are frequently referenced in culture. Several of
these idioms refer to the negative qualities traditionally assigned to pigs. Thus, pigs are
commonly associated with greed and uncleanliness. The following idioms are common
ones that include pigs:
A way of saying that something has
no chance of happening. Nonsense.
4 In a pig’s eye!
A way of saying that even though you try to make a
bad situation look good, it is still really bad.
5 You can put lipstick on a pig, but it’s still a pig.
A way of saying that someone is not living in a tidy way.
6 To live like a pig. / Pig it!
A way of saying that someone is very happy.
7 As happy as a pig in mud A way of saying that you are offering
something of value to a person who does
not appreciate it.
8 Casting pearls before swine
You have bought something that is
not what it was meant to be because
you did not check it out first.
2 To buy a pig in a poke
To sweat a lot.
3 To sweat like a pig
A way of saying that something is
very unlikely to happen.
1 When pigs fly!
<Lesson 3>
1. To ask someone’s opinion about something
How do you find the cartoon drawing
class you’re taking now?
2. To suggest doing something
I suggest that you write about being
a fashion designer.
Topic Art
1. Chuck Close is a famous American
artist known for his portrait paintings.
2. The challenges faced in the process of
painting have more meaning for Close
than the realistic effect of the final
image.
Grammar
Writing a biography
Write
Read
Life of Photorealism artist Chuck Close
and the characteristics of his artworks
Study Points
The More Real,
the Less Likely
3Lesson
Listen & Talk
Before You Begin Which portrait do you like most? Talk about the reason
with your partner.
Marie-Therese Walter
Pablo Picasso
1937
Marilyn
Andy Warhol
1967
Brad
Chuck Close
2009
Girl with a Pearl Earring
Johannes Vermeer
1665
Mona Lisa
Leonardo da Vinci
1503-1506
Listen
060 Lesson 3
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. Where does this conversation probably take place?
In a library In a bookstore In an art class
2. Which of the following is true about the girl?
She is an art major.
She needs a book on portraits.
She promises to draw the man’s portrait.
A
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. Fill in the blank.
The woman is planning on going on a tour of .
2. Which tour program did the man suggest to the woman?
B
Get Started
2. Which job did the girl suggest writing
about?
Listen and choose what you heard.
1. What class is the boy going to sign up
for?
Paris Architecture Tour
Paris Food Tour: High
Quality French Food
Try some escargot
dish and truffles!
From 60 EUROS
See the most
beautiful buildings
in France like the
Eiffel Tower and
Notre-Dame!
From 45 EUROS
Visit the Louvre and
Orsay museums!
From 55 EUROS
Museums of Paris Tour
The More Real, the Less Likely 061
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What is the woman talking about?
An art competition
A scholarship award
A work experience program
2. Check True or False.
(1) The monthly themes will be posted on the school website. T F
(2) The final winner will be awarded a gift card in December. T F
(3) Students should use the official entry form to submit their work. T F
C
About You Suppose you were a student of Minguk High School. If the theme of this month
were “family”, what kind of artwork would you create?
D Listen and fill in the boy’s schedule for the day.
AM
PM
6
12
8
2
10
4
12
6
Get up
and have
breakfast
at the gym
Stay at the
(probably) Play
Sound Tip
That sounds perfect for me. I don’t know which tour to choose from this tour site.
Talk
062 Lesson 3
music /
learn to play the guitar
martial arts /
learn taekwondo
computer /
take a website programming class
A: I’d love to learn something during the vacation. But I don’t know what to learn.
B: You told me you’re interested in art. I suggest you take a photography class.
A: Oh, that’s a good idea. Thank you.
A Talk with your partner.
(I think) you should/ought to . . .
watch
A: That is a cool bag. Is it new?
B: Not really. I’ve had it for about two years.
A: The design looks very comfortable. How do you find it?
B: It’s great. I’ve never had a problem using it.
bicycle coat
B Talk with your partner.
What do you think of . . . ?
(On Your Own) (On Your Own) (On Your Own)
Challenge Suggest to your friend a good activity to do this weekend.
Communicative Task
The More Real, the Less Likely 063
Suppose you are a member of an art club. Think about what event your club will
hold for the school festival. Complete the chart.
Step 1
Step 2 Make groups of four and talk about what you are going to do at the festival.
A: Only two weeks are left until the school festival begins. What should our club do?
B: I have no idea. Do you have any suggestions?
A: I suggest face painting. It would be a lot of fun for students. What do you think of it?
B: Well, I don’t think we can do that.
A: Why not?
B: Face painting kits cost quite a bit of money.
A: You’re right. But I think it’s a good way to show our artistic talent.
B: I suppose that sounds reasonable. But we need to figure out how to solve the problem.
A: Okay.
Discuss what your group would do for the school festival and present your idea to
the class.
Step 3
Face Painting
What You Need:
Face painting kits
Advantages & Disadvantages:
 It’s a good way to show our
artistic talent.
 Face painting kits cost quite a bit of money.
Funny Pictures
What You Need:
Advantages & Disadvantages:
 It takes a lot of time to paint
the wooden boards.
 
Fortune Telling
What You Need:
Fortune telling books
Advantages & Disadvantages:
 
 
What You Need:
Advantages & Disadvantages:
 
 
Listen & Talk in Real Life
064 Lesson 3
 Louvre Museum, Paris Vatican Museums, Vatican City
 Museum of Modern Art, New York City Uffizi Gallery, Florence
1st Listening Where would you see each of the following paintings?
The Gleaners by Millet Composition by Kandinsky
Marilyn Diptych by Warhol
Orsay Museum Tate Modern Guggenheim Museum
2nd Listening Fill in the blanks.
Orsay Museum
in Paris
 a striking collection of
Impressionist art, including
by
Monet, Manet, Renoir, Van
Gogh and Degas
Guggenheim Museum
in
 a famous collection of
Impressionist,
Post-Impressionist, early
modern and
art
Tate Modern
in London
 significant collections
of ,
including major works by
Lichtenstein and Warhol
Listen & Answer
Search about the following museums on the Internet. Talk with your partner about which
museum you want to visit the most.
Think & Talk
Before You Read
The More Real, the Less Likely 065
A Read and think about Realism and Photorealism.
Match the word with its meaning.
portrait minute grid scale
1. : extremely small
2. : the size or degree of something
3. : a pattern of regularly spaced horizontal and vertical lines
4. : a painting, drawing or photograph of a person
C
Guess which paintings are examples of Realism and Photorealism. Write R for a Realism
painting and P for a Photorealism painting. Talk about how you feel about the artwork.
B
Photorealism appeared in the United States in the 1960s. The images are often direct
copies of the original photograph but are usually larger and more precise than the original
one. Famous photorealists include Richard Estes, Ralph Goings and Chuck Close.
Realism began in France in the 1850s. It seeks to express an object, a scene or a subject
in a realistic manner, as close to “reality” as possible-the way the subject actually looked.
Famous realists include Millet, Courbet and Manet.
ReadRead
066 Lesson 3
Q 1. What is the purpose of Photorealism?
Chuck Close: The More Real,
the Less Likely
portrait painting
achieve []
movement []
attempt []
reproduce []
traditional []
realistic []
hand over
to give power or control to
somebody
e.g. The president handed
over the power to one of
his colleagues.
Chuck Close is a famous
American artist known for his
portrait paintings. More than
just a painter, photographer
and print artist, he is a builder
who, in his words , builds
“painting experiences for the
viewer”. He first achieved fame
as a Photorealist in the 1960s.
Perhaps you’re saying to yourself,
“Okay, I know what ‘Realism’ is,
but ‘Photorealism’? What’s that?”
Photorealism was a movement
in contemporary art that
attempted to present things as they were, much like in photography.
The goal was to reclaim the role of reproducing reality again that
traditional painting had handed over to photography in the early
20th century. Through Photorealism, painting became drawn into
a contest with photography over which one could be more realistic.
Well . . . a picture says a thousand words. So, let’s take a look at this
portrait by Close.
Link to the Text
The most important
point about a portrait is
that it should show the
external appearance as
well as inner aspects,
such as character, of the
individual. For external
appearance, giving a
realistic similarity is
essential.
5
10
15
20
 Chuck Close (1940- )
The More Real, the Less Likely 067
Q 2. What is the role of scale in Close’s work?
detailed description
description []
individual []
convey []
mole []
impressive []
scale []
visible []
emotion []
focus on
to give attention, effort,
etc. to one particular
subject
e.g. The new economic
policies will focus on
creating more jobs.
concentrate on
to give your attention to
something
5
10
15
 Mark. 1978–1979, acrylic on canvas
 Bob. 1970, acrylic on canvas
Yes, you read that right. Acrylic
on canvas. This is not a photograph.
His work is a detailed description of
the individual that conveys him as
he is, down to the minutest detail
of a mole or chest hair.
Another impressive thing about Close’s work is the scale:
about three meters tall and two meters wide. Because of
the size, you have to focus on one area at a time. So
it helps you to concentrate on the small details,
which would not have been visible if you had
been looking at a smaller photograph. Can
you imagine the emotions you would
have if you were standing in front
of this painting?
068 Lesson 3
Throughout his career, Close has
concentrated on portraits, usually of
friends or people he knows-from the
neck up-based on photographs he has
taken. Although his later paintings are
different from his earlier work, the way
he begins to paint a portrait has not
changed much. To create his canvas
copies of photos, Close draws vertical
and horizontal lines on the photo as well as on the canvas. He then
copies the photo, cell by cell. Close’s technique is extremely timeconsuming.
A piece of work usually requires at least two years to
finish. His art has more to do with coping with the demanding
process of painting than showing the beauty of the outcome.
The challenges faced in the process of painting have more
meaning for Close than the realistic effect of the final image. While
a graduate student at Yale University, Close was known for his
skillful brushwork. As he explained in an interview, after finishing
graduate school in 1967, he forced a personal artistic breakthrough
by abandoning the paintbrush. Close chose some pretty unique
means such as razor blades, electric drills and airbrushes. He
pointed out, “If you try to avoid doing what you have done in the
past, it will push you to where you have never gone before.”
Q 3. What methods did Close choose when he abandoned the paintbrush?
career []
vertical []
horizontal []
extremely []
time-consuming
have more to do with
in the process of
outcome []
graduate []
breakthrough []
abandon []
avoid []
cope with
to deal successfully with
something difficult
e.g. He could hardly cope
with the stresses he got
from the work.
point out
to mention something in
order to give information
e.g. She pointed out the
dangers of traveling alone.
5
10
15
20
Link to the Text
O n e m e t h o d t h a t
Chuck Close uses is the
scattering of acrylic
paint over the canvas
w i t h a n a i r b r u s h .
Specific features like
the illusion of light
reflecting off the hairs
o f h i s b e a rd we re
achieved by scratching
paint from the surface
of the canvas with a
razor blade.
 The photograph of Chuck
Close gridded with lines
before painting on canvas
The More Real, the Less Likely 069
Close’s career was going well up
until 1988 when he suddenly became
paralyzed from the neck down. It was
particularly horrible for Close as a
painter. With limited use of his hands
and fingers, his career could have
easily been over. But he wasn’t ready
to put down his painting tools yet.
After years of hard work and physical
therapy, he was able to once again walk and move his arms to some
degree.
Wishing to continue with portraits done on the large scale that
he was used to, he found a new way of painting. He now uses a
mosaic-based, gridded and colorful style. He replaced the minute
detail of his earlier paintings with a grid of tiles painted with
colorful circular or oval shapes.
Q 4. What new way of painting did Close develop?
paralyze []
horrible []
physical therapy
therapy []
mosaic-based
replace []
circular []
oval []
5
10
15
 Chuck Close working after years
of physical therapy
070 Lesson 3
Here is a more recent self-portrait:
This one is neither better nor worse than Close’s Photorealist
painting of the same subject. It is equal in its own way, and when
viewed up close, a tiny work of art is revealed in each square.
If you squint, you can see that this is a close-up of an eye. The
squares appear like a collection of squeezed hot dogs or doughnuts.
Seen from a distance, they become part of the gridded tile portrait
that gives an accurate, photographic image of the painted person.
As Close chose devices in place of the paintbrush in his
twenties, the misfortune of his disability was simply a challenge
to identify and expand a new frontier in painting. For Close, the
process of creating a portrait is more meaningful than the likeness
the portrait bears to its subject. Likewise, the challenge was and is
far more important than the outcome itself.
Q 5. What do the squares in Close’s painting look like when viewed up close?
recent []
square []
squint []
collection []
squeeze []
accurate []
device []
misfortune []
disability []
identify []
expand []
frontier []
meaningful []
neither good nor bad
much the same
e.g. The movie was neither
good nor bad.
in place of
instead of something or
somebody
e.g. Is it possible to use
cooking oil in place of
butter when baking?
5
10
 Self-Portrait. 1997, oil on canvas
After You Read
The More Real, the Less Likely 071
B Fill in the blanks.
Photorealism was a movement in that attempted to present
things as they were, much like in .
Search the Internet for other Photorealists and their artworks. Choose one of the artists and give
a short presentation about the artist and his/her artwork.
@@
Check T if the statement is true, and F if it is false.
1. Close has drawn portraits based on photographs he has taken. T F
2. Close abandoned the paintbrush to make an artistic breakthrough T F
after finishing graduate school.
3. In Close’s later paintings, a grid of tiles painted with colorful circular or oval T F
shapes was replaced with minute details.
C
A Complete Chuck Close’s timeline.
1960s Close first achieved fame as a . p. 66 (8-9)
1967 Close forced a personal artistic breakthrough
. p. 68 (18-20)
1970s Close’s work is a of the individual that conveys him as
he is, down to the of a mole or chest hair. p. 67 (3-6)
Another impressive thing about Close’s work is the : about three
meters tall and two meters wide. p. 67 (7-8)
1988 Close suddenly became . p. 69 (1-3)
1990s Close uses a mosaic-based, .
He replaced the minute detail of his earlier paintings with a painted
with colorful circular or oval shapes. p. 69 (13-16)
Think & Express
072 Lesson 3
A Read and answer the questions.
Draw your own self-portrait. Then write about your expression, posture, clothing,
background, colors and style in your self-portrait.
B
Artists use self-portraits to explore a basic question: Who am I?
While a mirror or a photograph can tell a person what he or she
looks like, that physical image does not reflect the whole self. By
drawing self-portraits, the artist starts on a journey of exploration
of himself in order to make decisions about how to represent
their real selves. For each self-portrait, the artist must ask: what
expression, posture, clothing, background, colors and style best
express the real me? Might those answers be different at any given
time?
1
 Self-portrait
by Gustave Courbet
(1) What is the best common title for paragraphs 1 and 2?
Why Do Artists Make Self-portraits?
How to Draw Outstanding Self-portraits
The Influence of Photography on Self-portraits
How to Identify a Self-portrait
(2) Which underlined part is most related to the main idea of the paragraph 1?
Artists have always had practical reasons for making self-portraits; for instance, artists
get a model who is always available and works for free; self-portraits are a good way for
an artist to practice showing different expressions and moods; and they can serve to
advertise the artist’s skill to potential customers. Self-portraits may also represent an
artist’s search for immortality, as a way to leave behind an image that will continue to exist.
In addition, a self-portrait can preserve a memory and help an artist further understand
himself or herself.
2
Language Focus
The More Real, the Less Likely 073
Write the appropriate word for each meaning.
1. : very well-known
2. : happening or existing without stopping
3. : to treat a person or an animal in a cruel, unkind or unfair way
4. : bad luck
A Word Formation
Find the meaning of the following expressions by searching the Internet.
@
hard work, extra work, academic work, individual work GO!
Fill in the blanks with the phrases above.
1. The government has to consider measures to an aging society.
2. This art gallery displays modern art pieces antiques.
3. More and more people around the world have been the Korean wave.
B Useful Expressions
 Through Photorealism, painting became drawn into a contest with photography.
Jinsu did not want to be drawn into an argument about politics with his neighbor.
 Close draws vertical and horizontal lines on the photo as well as on the canvas.
Kelly is a talented painter as well as a fashion designer.
 Close’s art has more to do with coping with the demanding process of painting.
Painting helps John cope with stress in his life.
C Collocation
mis-
(wrong)
fortune
behavior
treat
misfortune
misbehavior
mistreat
detailed
clear
brief
description
fame
danger
continue
-ous
(having)
famous
dangerous
continuous
achieve
fame
a goal
success
074 Lesson 3
Underline the words that can be omitted.
(1) A new species of fish which was discovered in South America has an interesting way
to avoid being eaten.
(2) Today, there are several thousand languages and dialects that are spoken in the world.
(3) “Rolling Through the Bay” is an amazing sculpture that is made of about 100,000
wooden sticks.
(4) The problem that the members discussed for hours was far from being solved.
D Grammar
Choose the correct words.
Artists that make expressionist art (try / tries) to express emotional experiences.
The artists painting in this style (is / are) more concerned with having their paintings
express a feeling than with making the painting look exactly like their subject. On the
other hand, a type of art that shows things exactly as they appear in life (is / are) called
Realism. These artists are trying to show the subject in a realistic manner, as close to
reality as possible.
2 The challenges faced in the process of painting have more meaning for Close than the
realistic effect of the final image.
 Discussing all day and writing all night are ruining the writer’s health these days.
 The images in his art were at times difficult to understand for the general public.
 Either you or Mr. Lim has to do the work that is due tomorrow.
1 Chuck Close is a famous American artist (who is) known for his portrait paintings.
 You can surprise your loved one by giving them a portrait (which is) painted by a
professional artist.
 One friend (whom) you have a lot in common with is better than a hundred relatives.
Grammar in writing Write
The More Real, the Less Likely 075
A Combine the two sentences into one like the example.
1. The ozone generators produce the gas ozone. They are sold as air cleaners in many parts
of the world.
The ozone generators
.
2. Posting nasty images is regarded as a crime in some parts of the world. Viewers find it
upsetting.
Posting nasty images
.
3. Information about the new products pops up on the website. It is posted at the end of
every month.
Information about the new products
.
Two letters were found in his pocket. They were written in Chinese.
Two letters written in Chinese were found in his pocket.
e.g.
B Complete each sentence that describes the following picture.
1. The two people who are standing
in front of a cabinet
.
2. The cabinet next to the people
.
3. The woman looking at the paintings
.
Writing a biography
076 Lesson 3
Step 1 Complete the biography of Pablo Picasso using the given information.
1881 Born in Málaga, Spain,
on October 25
1891 Started to paint
1900 First private exhibition
at the Quatre Gats
1907 Changed painting styles
to Cubism: abstracted
shapes such as circles,
squares and triangles
Created Les Demoiselles
d’Avignon
1932 Painted The Dream
1937 Painted Guernica
1973 Died in Mougins, France,
on April 8
Step 3 Write a biography of your favorite artist.
Step 2 Research your favorite artist and fill in the timeline below.
My favorite painter is
Pablo Picasso. He was born
.
He started to paint when he was
around ten and he had his first
private exhibition at the Quatre
Gats in 1900. In 1907, he created
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. This was the starting point
for . He painted people and things as
abstracted shapes such as circles, squares and triangles.
His major artworks are Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
(1907), (1932) and Guernica
(1937). Among them, my favorite one is Guernica. I
could see the violence of war in the painting and felt
sympathy for the victims of the war. He passed away in
in 1973.
 Pablo Picasso
Name:
Year Events Year Events
Project Work Understanding an artwork
The More Real, the Less Likely 077
Make groups of four. Look at the sculpture made by a Photorealism artist, Ron Mueck.
Complete the following chart with detailed descriptions of the sculpture.
1.
Talk about what the artist is trying to describe about the personality of the figures. Then
practice their pose and facial expression in your group.
2.
Two students out of each group come to the front of the class. Imitate the characters’ pose
and be completely silent for one minute. The rest of the class will evaluate each group and
choose the pair that describe the sculpture the most accurately.
3.
Pose
 
 
Facial
expression
 
 
Clothing
 The woman on the left is wearing a long dark
purple coat and skirt.
 
Other
details
 
 
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Expression
Performance
Audience’s response
Overall comments
not bad (1 point) good (2 points) excellent (3 points)
 Two Women. 2005, by Ron Mueck
078 Lesson 3
A Listen and choose what the girl is probably going to bring for the boy.
Her final project Trash cans Old cans and bottles
What would you suggest to your friend in the following situation? Act it out with your
partner.
C
B Listen and answer the questions.
1. Which painting is the boy going to print out?
2. Match each object with the meaning it contains.
a cat youth and celebration
rocks covered with moss an old person
red flowers longevity
I can’t memorize
all these English words. I suggest
.
I don’t know what to
wear for the party.
I suggest
.
The More Real, the Less Likely 079
D Read and answer the questions.
Throughout his career, Close has concentrated on portraits, usually of friends or
people he knows-from the neck up-based on photographs he has taken. Although his
later paintings are different from his earlier work, the way he begins to paint a portrait
has not changed much. To create his canvas copies of photos, Close draws vertical and
horizontal lines on the photo as well as on the canvas. He then copies the photo, cell by
cell. Close’s technique is extremely time-consuming. A piece of work usually requires
at least two years to finish. His art has more to do with dealing successfully with the
demanding process of painting than showing the beauty of the outcome.
1. Fill in the blank to make the same meaning as the underlined part above.
His art has more to do with the demanding process of painting
than showing the beauty of the outcome.
2. According to the paragraph, which of the following is NOT true of Close?
He likes to draw portraits of friends or people he knows.
His style of painting portraits has remained the same over the years.
He draws vertical and horizontal lines to create portraits.
His technique requires much time to finish a piece of work.
Think about some memorable events in your life and draw your own biography map.
Then write your own biography.
E
I was born at in .
<Lesson 4>
Garbage Islands:
Sailing in a Sea
of Plastic
4Lesson
Study Points
Listen & Talk
1. To introduce the topic of a speech
I’d like to say something about our
group project.
2. To advise someone to do something
If I were you, I’d use more powerful
words.
Topic The Environment
Read
How the Great Pacific Garbage Patch was
made and the problems it causes
1. One of the most controversial types is
bottom set gill nets, buoyed by floats
and anchored to the sea floor.
2. The earth has five or six major oceanic
gyres where the ocean circulates
slowly because of little wind and
extreme high pressure systems.
Grammar
Write
Writing a newspaper article
Before You Begin Are you an eco-friendly person? Think about your habits
and put a check on the things you do.
I use a glass when I drink.
I use a paper cup when I drink.
I throw a plastic bottle away
in a regular trash can.
I recycle glass and plastic
bottles.
I bring a shopping basket when I go
shopping.
I buy plastic bags when I go shopping.
I leave a lot of food waste.
I try not to leave any food.
Listen
082 Lesson 4
Get Started
2.
Listen and fill in the blanks with what you heard.
1.
A
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. Fill in the blanks.
The longer distance the food travels, the more gases such as
CO₂ are produced. It is to buy food from nearby.
2. Check True or False.
(1) The boy wants to buy some grapes. T F
(2) The food miles of grapes that the boy is going to buy are high. T F
(3) Foods with low food miles produce more greenhouse gases. T F
B
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What are the speakers talking about?
How to join the Green Team
Mark’s recommendation letter
Ms. Wilson’s volunteer experience
2. Complete the sentence that Ms. Wilson would add in the letter.
Mark volunteered as a member of the Green Team and helped
on West Beach .
Jiyun, I’d like to say
something about
.
If I were you, I would bring
a very .
Garbage Islands: Sailing in a Sea of Plastic 083
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. Write the same word for both blanks.
The purpose of the announcement is to encourage students’ participation in the
. The student council president hopes her school will win the
.
2. Which fact did the girl NOT mention?
All the participants have to register before the end of this month.
The school that recycles the most aluminum cans will win $5,000.
The School Recycling Challenge will be held by the Can Manufacturers Institute.
C
D Listen and answer the following questions.
1. Complete the girl’s candy wrapper design.
2. What is NOT true about this conversation?
The girl asks Mr. Watson to design a candy wrapper.
Mr. Watson thought that the phrase “Let’s Go Green” was too typical.
The girl is making a candy wrapper design for the environmental design contest.
About You If you were participating in the contest, what would you write on a candy wrapper?
Sound Tip
Nice to meet you, Ms. Sanders. Could you take a look at this for a moment?
Talk
084 Lesson 4
A Talk with your partner.
A: Wait a minute. Are you going to sleep?
B: Yes. Why? Do you have something to tell me?
A: No. But if I were you, I’d turn off the light.
B: Oh, I will do it right away. Thank you for reminding me.
you’d better . . .
(I think) you should/ought to . . .
why don’t you . . .
stop using your computer /
turn off the power
ride a bicycle /
wear a helmet
go out /
check the weather report
B Talk with your partner.
B: How about sending an email to our
friends and asking for their help?
B: What is it? I think it’s making good progress.
A: It is. But we need more people to help us.
A: Oh, that’s a good idea. Thank you.
A: I’d like to say something about our environmental campaign.
 the student council election / getting some help from our classmates
 our school’s recycling project / asking some teachers to help us
 /
(Now) let’s talk about . . .
I’d like to tell you about . . .
Challenge
Choose a topic and make a note about what you want to say about it. Present it to
the class using the expressions above.
 air pollution light pollution sound pollution
(On Your Own)
Communicative Task
Garbage Islands: Sailing in a Sea of Plastic 085
Look at the things in the chart. Fill in the blanks with how you can reduce, reuse or
recycle them.
Step 1
Step 2 Talk with your partner using the chart above.
A: I’d like to say something about these glass jars and pots in your garbage can.
B: Oh, I threw them away. I don’t need them anymore.
A: I know. But if I were you, I’d use them as containers.
B: Oh, that’s a good idea.
A: Haven’t you ever heard of the three R’s?
B: No. What are they?
A: The three R’s stand for “Reduce, Reuse and Recycle”. Actually, we can find lots of things
that can be reduced, reused or recycled around us.
B: Oh, I know one: clothes. We can remake them into other items.
A: Exactly. Let’s keep in mind that the more we reduce, reuse and recycle, the greener the
world becomes.
Talk about what things you do to make the world greener and present them to the
class.
Step 3
newspapers
use them to clean
the window
glass jars and pots
use them as
containers
plastic bags
carry reusable
bags to stores
clothes
remake them into
other items
water plastic bottles
food waste used magazines milk cartons
Reduce Reuse Recycle
086 Lesson 4
Listen & Talk in Real Life
Places in Green City
1st Listening Number the places in the order that the guide introduces them.
2nd Listening Fill in the blanks.
Features
Hazardous Waste Center Pet Shop Rerun Theater School
Reason
It sells things.
It has lots of that were donated.
They hold a twice a year to sell used things.
Shoppers can buy food by the exact amounts
they need.
Community Warehouse
Moonbeam’s Coffee
Savemor family home
Ms. Miller’s Market
Listen & Answer
If you planned to visit Green City, which of the places below would you like to visit? What
features do you expect to find in each place? Talk about your choice with your partner.
Think & Talk
Before You Read
Garbage Islands: Sailing in a Sea of Plastic 087
Write the correct word under the picture.
debris microscopic entangle starvation
C
A Read the following quotes and talk about their meaning with your partner.
What’s the use of a fine
house if you haven’t got
a fine planet to put it
on?
– Henry David Thoreau
We do not inherit
the earth from our
ancestors; we borrow it
from our children.
– Unknown
Nature provides a free
lunch, but only if we
control our appetites.
– William Ruckelshaus
Look at the pie chart about the total garbage generation in a country. How do you think
people deal with each kind of garbage?
B
Glass Other
Paper & Paperboard
Food Scraps
Yard Cuttings
 2010 Total Garbage Generation (by Material):
250 million tons (Before recycling)
<http://www.epa.gov/>
Wood
Rubber & Leather
Metals
Plastics
3.4%
28.5%
13.9%
13.4%
9%
8.4%
6.4%
4.6%
12.4%
ReadRead
088 Lesson 4
1. What did Josh Berry see on the fourteenth day of his sailing trip from San
Francisco to the Hawaiian Islands?
Q
environmental[]
activist []
encounter []
be known as
patch []
deliver []
conference []
subtle []
ocean surface
An environmental activist Josh Berry was on a sailing trip
from California to Hawaii in 2006 when, on the fourteenth day, he
encountered the sea of plastic that has come to be known as the
“Great Pacific Garbage Patch”. The following is his description of
the trip, as delivered in an address at the U.N. World Oceans Day
conference in 2009.
“I’m on a tiny boat with two friends and we’re sailing from San
Francisco to the Hawaiian Islands and we haven’t seen another sign
of human life for over a week. There is nothing but ocean and sky.
Then we start seeing it: tiny, colorful, subtle, coin-sized chunks of
plastic floating on the ocean surface all around the boat. For days
on end, the plastic does not stop. We’re sailing through a quiet sea of
plastic to Hawaii.”
Garbage Islands:
Sailing in a Sea of Plastic
5
10
 Great Pacific Garbage Patch
Garbage Islands: Sailing in a Sea of Plastic 089
Q 2. What problem does the plastic cause when it is reduced to smaller pieces?
populate []
biodegradable
[]
eventually []
photodegrade
[]
bond []
plastic polymer
microscopic
[]
debris []
litter []
recreational []
cargo []
resin []
pellet []
spread out
to be distributed over a
large area
e.g. The various
departments and labs are
spread out at the university.
go away
to disappear
e.g. As soon as I took the
medicine, my headache
went away.
make up
to form or compose
e.g. He is trying to make up
a baseball team.
What is it made of?
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is like a galaxy of garbage,
populated by billions of smaller trash islands that may be hidden
underwater or spread out over many kilometers. While we do
not know exactly how big the garbage patch is, we do know that
most of it is made of plastic. This is where the problems begin.
Unlike most other trash, plastic is not biodegradable. Sunlight does
eventually “photodegrade” the bonds in plastic polymers, reducing
it to smaller and smaller pieces, but that just makes matters worse.
The plastic never goes away; it just becomes microscopic, at which
point it can be eaten by tiny marine organisms and enter the food
chain.
About 80 percent of the debris in the Great Pacific Garbage
Patch comes from land, much of which is plastic bags, bottles and
various other consumer products. Free-floating fishing nets make
up another 10 percent of marine litter. The rest comes largely from
recreational boaters and large cargo ships, which drop about 10,000
steel shipping containers into the sea each year, full of things like
hockey gloves, computer monitors, resin pellets and plastic toys.
5
10
15
small pieces of plastic
shoes
resin pellets
 Floating trash in the garbage patch
plastic bags
fishing nets
090 Lesson 4
How is it formed?
The earth has five or six major oceanic gyres where the ocean
circulates slowly because of little wind and extreme high pressure
systems. One of the largest is the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre,
filling most of the space between Japan and California. The upper
part of this gyre, a few hundred kilometers north of Hawaii, is
where warm water from the South Pacific meets cooler water from
the north. Known as the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence
Zone, it also serves as a “trash superhighway”, because it is where a
lot of trash collects.
Plastic can be washed from land to sea via sewers, streams and
rivers. It may take several years for the debris to reach the coast.
On the other hand, fishing nets and shipping containers often fall
right into the sea along with the rest of the trash. One of the most
famous debris spills came in 1992, when 28,000 rubber ducks fell
in the Pacific Ocean. Carried by the world’s currents, rubber ducks
continue to turn up on beaches around the
world to this day.
Q 3. What serves as a “trash superhighway”?
oceanic gyre
circulate []
extreme []
Subtropical Convergence
Zone
sewer []
on the other hand
current []
turn up
to appear or become visible
e.g. I’m sure he’ll turn up in a
few minutes.
5
10
15
 Ocean currents and features in the Pacific Ocean
Garbage Islands: Sailing in a Sea of Plastic 091
What’s the problem?
Fishing nets entangle seals,
sea turtles and other animals in
a phenomenon known as “ghost
fishing”, often drowning them.
Many abandoned plastic nets
continue fishing on their own for
months, or even years. One of the
most controversial types is bottom set gill nets, buoyed by floats
and anchored to the sea floor, sometimes stretching for several
kilometers.
Another common piece of marine debris is plastic resin pellets.
They are particularly life threatening to sea birds such as the short-tailed
albatross. Albatross parents leave their chicks on Pacific
islands while they scour the ocean surface for food, namely protein-rich
fish eggs. These are small dots bobbing just below the surface,
and look unfortunately similar to resin pellets. The albatross chicks
are fed these indigestible plastic pieces, resulting in their death
by either starvation or suffocation.
Q 4. Why are resin pellets life threatening to the albatross chicks?
5
10
15
entangle []
phenomenon []
abandon []
controversial
[]
buoy []
anchor []
short-tailed albatross
scour []
indigestible []
starvation []
result in
to cause
e.g. The crash resulted in the
deaths of nine soldiers.
 Suffocated albatross
 Entangled sea creatures
 Bottom set gill net anchored to the
sea floor
092 Lesson 4
As sunlight breaks down floating debris, the surface water
thickens with suspended plastic bits with “inherent toxicity”. Plastic
often contains colorants and chemicals that studies have linked to
various environmental and health problems.
What can we do?
Scientists are spending time in the Great Pacific Garbage
Patch, studying its contents in hopes of eventually recycling them
or turning them into fuel. Ultimately, more plastic recycling
and wider use of biodegradable materials are the best hope for
controlling its expansion. As one specialist points out, “We need
to turn off the tap at the source. We need to educate people on the
proper disposal of things, such as plastics, that do not break down.
Opportunities for recycling have to increase, but some people buy
three bottles of water a day. As a society, we have to get better at
reusing what we buy.”
5. What is the best way for controlling the expansion of the Great Pacific
Garbage Patch?
Q
suspend []
inherent toxicity
toxicity []
colorant []
chemical []
content []
in hopes of
ultimately []
wide use of
expansion []
turn off the tap
disposal []
opportunity []
break down
to separate substances into
parts
e.g. Some chemicals in the
body help break down food.
point out
to make or write a comment
on something
e.g. He pointed out the
limitations of the machine.
5
10
15
 Plastic resin pellets
After You Read
Garbage Islands: Sailing in a Sea of Plastic 093
Garbage patches are found not only in the Pacific Ocean but also in other oceans. Search the
Internet to find out where they are.
@@
A Fill in the graphic organizer.
Which statement is NOT true?
Plastic can be biodegraded by sunlight.
Small plastic pieces may enter the food chain.
Most debris in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is made of plastic.
C
The
Great
Pacific
Garbage
Patch
 Most of it is made of that is
not .
Main Material
 It is somewhere in the North Pacific Subtropical
Zone.
Problems
 entangle seals, sea turtles
and other animals, often drowning them.
 Plastic are life threatening
to sea birds.
Solutions
 More plastic and wider use
of materials are the best
hope for controlling its expansion.
B Fill in the description of how trash affects living creatures.
 Trash comes into the sea. Trash collects by the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.
 Trash is photodegraded and becomes . It is eaten by sea
creatures. They die of either or .
 
 
Think & Express
094 Lesson 4
A Read and answer the questions.
B Discuss other ways to remove space trash with your partner.
1. Which question is answered in the passage above?
How many people were injured by space junk?
What kind of problems can space trash cause?
Which spacecraft was destroyed by space junk?
How long will it take to get rid of all the space junk?
2. Fill in the blanks.
Two ways to clean up space waste are suggested in the second paragraph. One way is
moving the litter away from working satellites by . The other
way is catching litter and dumping it into by using spacecraft as
garbage trucks.
Space junk is a major problem. Some of it is very large,
such as burnt rocket stages, dead spacecraft and a few
tools lost during spacewalks. Crashes with large pieces of
junk can disable or even destroy a spacecraft. However,
most of it is much smaller. Normally, these would not be a
threat, but in space, debris travels at high speed. Even dust
pieces act like tiny bullets. So, they can also cause major damage or threaten a spacewalking
astronaut.
What can be done about space trash? Scientists are looking for ways to clean up space
waste. One idea is to shoot lasers at litter. The lasers would move the litter away from
working satellites. New spacecraft also can act like garbage trucks. Nets on these
high flying garbage trucks could catch litter and dump it into Earth’s atmosphere. The litter
would burn up before hitting the ground. One thing is clear: Scientists must work together
to find solutions. No one country is responsible for cleaning up space. Many countries have
thrown junk away into space. Nevertheless, countries have to work together to clean it up
and keep space safe!
Language Focus
Garbage Islands: Sailing in a Sea of Plastic 095
Match the word with its meaning.
1. subtropical occurring below your level of thinking and awareness
2. micrometer relating to the regions bordering tropical areas
3. subconscious visible under a microscope
4. microscopic a unit of length, equal to one millionth of a meter
A Word Formation
Find the meaning of the following expressions by searching the Internet.
@
wide use, considerable use, frequent use, maximum use GO!
Fill in the blanks with the phrases above.
1. The mechanisms of medicines in the body are complicated.
2. Specially engineered organisms can garbage plastic.
3. Children might unknowingly take risks that can injuries.
B Useful Expressions
 The albatross chicks are fed these indigestible plastic pieces, resulting in their death.
Low blood flow can result in chest pain and a heart attack.
 Sunlight breaks down floating debris.
The biodegradable plastic is designed to break down in the environment.
 Scientists are spending time in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, studying its contents in
hopes of eventually recycling them or turning them into fuel.
Through reusing garbage, it can be turned into treasure.
sub-
(below)
tropical
way
conscious
subtropical
subway
subconscious
micro-
(very small)
scopic
biology
meter
microscopic
microbiology
micrometer
C Collocation
deliver
give
write
an address problem
begin
arise
remain
096 Lesson 4
Correct the underlined part.
(1) When I was in high school, I learned how to play the violin and playing the piano.
(2) Driving to San Francisco can actually take less time than to fly there.
(3) He took a shower, got dressed, smiled in the mirror and checking his shoes.
D Grammar
1 One of the most controversial types is bottom set gill nets, buoyed by floats and
anchored to the sea floor.
 Angry customers usually want to exchange the item, to get their money back or to
speak to the manager.
 The chemical is used for improving the soil, enhancing crops and making more food.
Write the proper word in each blank.
2 The earth has five or six major oceanic gyres where the ocean circulates slowly
because of little wind and extreme high pressure systems.
 If you are learning a new language, it is helpful to go to a country where that language
is spoken.
 I am looking forward to the day when I can obtain a driver’s license.
cf. This device warms the air which / that helps the plants grow.
I love New York City. The mix of people in New York is one of the things
I love most. New York is I feel comfortable and
accepted. New York is good things happen to me. New York is
I can breathe. These are the reasons I keep
coming back to New York in the end after living in other places.
Grammar in writing Write
Garbage Islands: Sailing in a Sea of Plastic 097
A Correct the underlined parts and complete the passage.
1. Plastic is thrown away easily and for long periods it survives in the environment
. (It can do great harm to the environment.)
2. When we burn plastics, dangerous gases and dust are released and pollute the world
. (We live in the world.)
3. Part of the plastic waste problem lies in the stores
. (Plastic bags are still given out for free in the stores.)
4. Many of the plastic bags we use end up in the ocean
. (They are often mistaken for food by hungry sea
turtles in the ocean.)
B Complete the sentences using the given sentences.
I hope to live in the world where we are in control of our own energy. (We are in
control of our own energy in the world.)
e.g.
Just say no to straws
One of the easiest ways to keep plastic out of the landfill is refusing
plastic straws and to use a reusable glass drinking straw. Simply inform
your waiter that you do not need one.
Simple Ways to Reduce Plastic Waste
1
Skip the frozen food section
Frozen foods offer both convenience and plenty of plastic packaging
with chemicals. If you give up frozen food, you will be eating fewer
processed foods and avoid the chemicals in their plastic packaging.
2
Return reusable containers
If you buy some fruits at the market, simply do not use
3
Writing a newspaper article
098 Lesson 4
Step 1 Listen to the interview and fill in the blanks.
Challenge
Write the opening paragraph of a newspaper article on the most interesting
incident that happened at your school recently.
Step 2 Write the opening paragraph of the newspaper article.
today
Westlake High School students
donated $63,248
Westlake High School Collected Tabs to Help Sick Children
Tiny aluminum soda pop tabs may seem nothing, but not
to (Who) .
(When) , the students (What)
to (Where)
(Why)
. They
(How) from
soda cans, food cans and other containers. It was a simple project, but it has grown to
include their family and their school.
They collected the tabs because the tab is made of a purer, higher-grade aluminum than
the can. And also because it is cleaner to collect tabs than cans and the tabs take up less
space. The tabs were then sold to a recycling center.
By Lyle McMahon Published on May 27, 2013
WH
Questions
Who
What
How Where
Why When
Playing a board game Project Work
Garbage Islands: Sailing in a Sea of Plastic 099
1. Use the Internet to prepare five true or false statements about the environment.
2. Make a pair and play a board game.
Game Rule
 Do rock-paper-scissors. If you win, you can move one space first.
 When you reach “Answer the question”, your partner will ask you a question from his/
her environmental facts. If you give him/her the right answer, you can move ahead two
spaces. If you give him/her the wrong answer, you have to move back one space.
 The first person to reach “Finish” is the winner.
Answer the
question! Go back
to “START”.
Go back
to “START”.
Move back
two spaces.
Move back
two spaces.
Answer the
question!
Answer the
question!
Answer the
question!
Answer the
question!
Each person throws away approximately 2 kilograms of garbage every day. True!
100 Lesson 4
A Listen and choose the man’s suggestion.
B Listen and answer the questions.
1. What resolution does the boy make?
Do the gardening
Keep his room clean
Recycle every plastic bottle in his house
2. How do the speakers solve the problem?
By recycling cans and plastic bottles
By removing the recycling bin out of his room
By having a small recycling bin in the house
C What would you say in the following situations? Act it out with your partner.
If I were you, I would
.
You’d better
.
I think you could
.
Plastic bag,
please.
I don’t care
about recycling.
They’re too
small.
Garbage Islands: Sailing in a Sea of Plastic 101
D Read the following text and answer the questions.
Another common piece of marine debris is plastic resin pellets. (A) They
are particularly life threatening to sea birds such as the short-tailed albatross. (B)
Albatross parents leave their chicks on Pacific islands while they scour the ocean
surface for food, namely protein-rich fish eggs. (C) The albatross chicks are fed these
indigestible plastic pieces, resulting in their death by either starvation or suffocation. (D)
1. What did the author likely write about just before this paragraph?
Another use of plastic resin pellets
An example of a common piece of marine debris
The way used plastics are collected and recycled
The danger caused by small pieces of marine debris
2. Which underlined part refers to a different thing from the others?
 
3. Where can the given sentence be put?
These are small dots bobbing just below the surface, and look unfortunately similar to
resin pellets.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
E Complete the following environment posters.
Bike it!
E
Greener Gardening
R
E
E
N
Do your part for the environment.
BYOC and make a big difference!
 Less trash and litter
 
 
 
Own
Bring
Your
Container!
Greenville
High School
 
Search for other famous modern artist and their works. Then talk about them with your
classmates.
Modern Art
102 Culture Time
David Hockney (1937- ) is considered one of the most
influential British artists of the twentieth century. He was
an important contributor to the pop art movement of the
1960s. His most recent works use the Brushes app on his
iPad and iPhone to create digital paintings. Hockney’s iPhone and iPad
drawings (2011)
Paik Nam June (1932-2006) is a Korean artist
who is considered to be a pioneer of video art. His
artworks used TV monitors and projectors, not
just as tools for making art, but also as ways of
expressing his ideas about our society.
 Electronic Superhighway (1995)
Claes Oldenburg (1929- ) is a Swedish American
sculptor, best known for his public art installations. His
works typically feature very large copies of everyday
objects, such as the spoon and cherry seen here.
 Spoonbridge and Cherry (1988)
Gary Simmons (1964- ) is an American artist who
creates works that address personal experiences of race and
class. He uses icons and typical images of American popular
culture. The pair of gloves have “EVERFORWARD” written
on the right glove, and “NEVERBACK” on the left.
 Boxing Gloves (1993)
Environmental Organizations
Search for other environmental organizations and talk about them with your classmates.
Culture Time 103
Greenpeace
Greenpeace is the best known and most visible of all nongovernmental
environmental organizations. The stated goal of
Greenpeace is to “ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life
in all its diversity.” To reach this goal, Greenpeace focuses on
campaigning on a variety of global environmental issues such as
commercial whaling, deforestation, global warming, and antinuclear
issues. The campaigns take several forms: direct actions,
protests, and advertisements. In doing so, Greenpeace has had
far-reaching influence on governments and companies, as well as
raising the public’s awareness of important environmental issues.
Friends of the Earth
Friends of the Earth is an environmental network active in
over 70 countries. Made up of over 5000 local groups, Friends
of the Earth organizes and supports campaigns on the banning
of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), global warming and
climate change awareness, sustainable forestry practices, and
fair trade programs. Through campaigning on the most urgent
environmental issues facing the planet, Friends of the Earth hopes
to make our planet a healthier and safer and more equal planet for
current and future generations.
WWF
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF), with its distinctive
panda logo, is the largest organization devoted to the protection of
endangered plants and animals and habitats. Current campaigns
by the WWF include conservation programs for lions and
snow leopards, encouraging sustainable forestry practices, and
promoting the consumption of sustainable seafood. Through these
actions, the WWF has raised public awareness on the threats facing
many plants and animals around the world. The WWF has also
had a significant impact on the introduction of policies and laws
protecting species and their habitats.
Speaking & Writing Test 1
104 Speaking & Writing Test 1
Speaking
A. Suppose you have a foreign friend in Korea. He/She wants to watch an exhibition in Korea.
He/She is having trouble deciding where to go. He/She asks for your advice. You will hear four
questions. You should answer with one or two full sentences. You will be given 20 seconds to
answer each question. Now, let’s begin.
B. You will see six pictures and tell a story based on the pictures. You have one minute to
prepare your answer and one minute to answer. Now let’s begin.
A
C
E
B
D
F
Speaking & Writing Test 1 105
C. You will hear a story describing a problem. You will have one minute to think about your
advice on how to solve the problem and one minute to answer. Now, let’s begin.
D. The graph below shows how different groups of people spend their leisure time on an
average day. Explain the contents of the following graph in your own words. You will have
one minute to think about your presentation. Now, let’s begin.
Average hours
per day
watching TV
reading
3
2
1
0
12-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+
Age
Average hours per day spent
watching television and reading by age
<http://m.stats.govt.nz/>
106 Speaking & Writing Test 1
Writing
A. Look at the following picture of some students, a teacher and P-chan. Describe what each
person is doing. (20-30 words)
1
3
2
4
B. Write about the oddest food you have ever had and include the following details:
(60-80 words)
 The name of the food
 A brief explanation about the food
 Reasons why you thought the food was odd
Speaking & Writing Test 1 107
C. The chart shows the advantages and disadvantages of plastic. Choose a position and write
a short essay about it with an introduction, body and conclusion. Refer to the information
below and add one more reason to the body. (80-120 words)
Advantage Disadvantage
Introduction
1. Plastic is often used for packaging
because of its convenience. It is very
light in weight and can be shaped into
many forms.
2. Plastic bag production uses 30 percent
of the energy that is needed to produce
paper bags.
3.
Conclusion
Introduction
1. Plastic needs more resources to make.
Production of it usually requires fuels
which are scarce resources.
2. Plastic is not biodegradable, therefore
it produces air and water pollution.
3.
Conclusion
<Lesson 5>
The Archetypes
of Mythology
5Lesson
Study Points
Listen & Talk
1. To show interest
It was fascinating.
2. To tell that you know about something
I’ve heard about that place.
Topic Mythology
Read
Common myths around the world
1. Every culture makes stories about the
creation of the world and the origin of
humankind.
2. The Unalit say that the first man was
born from the pod of a beach pea.
Grammar
Writing a twisted story
Write
Before You Begin Do you recognize any myths from the pictures? What
do you think they are about? Share your ideas with your
partner.
Listen
110 Lesson 5
Get Started
2. What fascinates the woman in Rome?
Listen and choose what you heard.
1. What has the boy heard about?
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. Fill in the blank.
The speakers are talking about Bastet, the Egyptian .
2. Check True or False.
(1) The girl’s father bought a statue while traveling in Greece. T F
(2) Bastet is believed to protect people. T F
(3) The boy already knew the girl is interested in Egypt. T F
(4) The girl’s dream is to go to Egypt. T F
B
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What are the speakers doing?
Practicing a play Creating a play script Planning a trip to Italy
2. Complete the sentences with the girl’s advice to the boy. Then choose the matching picture.
(1) The boy needs to more loudly.
(2) The boy should , Zeus.
A
The Archetypes of Mythology 111
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What is the man talking about?
Tour plan in Italy Italian cultures Transportation in Italy
2. The following is a tour guide’s notes about the Italy tour. Which one is NOT correct?
C
Day 1:
Visiting Colosseum
and Trevi Fountain
Looking around famous
attractions in Rome
Day 2:
Pisa City Tour
Visiting the Catholic
Church, library and
museum
Day 3:
Free Day in Rome
or Optional Tour to
Firenze
Doing optional tour to
Firenze
(Tourists’ choice can be
changed.)
About You Think about a memorable trip that you had. Talk to your partner about what you did.
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. Match and complete the sentences.
(1) The movie director has Achilles’ heel.
(2) Jimmy is scared of insects. It’s his the Midas touch.
2. Complete the chart.
Expression Meaning
the Midas touch the ability to be in making money
Achilles’ heel something that seems to be small but is actually a
D
Sound Tip
Someone is always successful. My friend worked part-time there last year.
Talk
112 Lesson 5
 won the first prize got a job he wanted received an admission letter
Challenge Where do you think is the most beautiful place to visit in Korea? Talk with your
partner.
A: Did you hear the news? Mike passed the audition.
B: Oh, I know. I’ve heard about it from his sister.
A: Isn’t it great? I’m so happy for him.
B: Me too. I knew he could make it. All his hard work finally paid off.
A Talk with your partner.
I know (about) it.
I have been told about it.
B Talk with your partner.
A: Have you ever listened to Dvořák’s music?
B: No, I haven’t. Have you?
A: It makes me feel relaxed when I listen to it.
B: Really? What makes you like it so much?
A: Yes. As a matter of fact, it fascinate(s) me .
 eaten Thai food – The spices. I specially like the soup, Tom Yum Goong.
 read ancient Greek myths – I think the stories of Greek gods aren’t very different from the
lives of humans.
 –
it interests me . . .
it is fascinating / interesting . . .
(On Your Own)
Communicative Task
The Archetypes of Mythology 113
Title: Percy Jackson & the
Olympians: The Lightning
Thief Year: 2010
Title:
Year:
Ratings: Ratings:
Review: A teenager discovers
he is the descendant of a
Greek god and sets out on an
adventure to settle a battle
between the gods.
Review:
I want to watch this movie because I want
to know what kind of power the boy has. I want to watch this movie because
Read the movie review and write one about a movie you want to watch. Then,
write why you want to watch it.
Step 1
Step 2 Talk with your partner using the movie you wrote about above.
A: If you’re not busy now, let’s watch a movie.
B: Good idea. What do you have in mind?
A: Something interesting, like Transformers. Do you remember when we saw it?
B: Of course, I do. It was fascinating.
A: It was. So, how about watching The Lightning Thief ? It’s about a teenager who discovers
he is the descendant of a Greek god. Have you heard about it?
B: No, I haven’t. Look at this rating. They give it only a 3.0.
A: That’s just people complaining. I want to know what kind of power the boy has.
B: OK. I think we’ll enjoy it. Let’s get it.
Step 3 Recommend your favorite movie to your partner and say why you like it.
Listen & Talk in Real Life
114 Lesson 5
1st Listening What is Rick Riordan’s career?
A mythologist An author A cartoonist
2nd Listening Complete the answers to the questions.
 Where did Rick Riordan get the idea for Percy Jackson?
When Rick Riordan ran out of for his son’s bedtime stories, he
made up something new with the same characters. It took about
to tell the whole story.
 Many people are comparing the Percy Jackson series to Harry Potter. Are there
similarities?
1. The books both draw on the same sources in .
2. Storylines are similar.
(1) The main character finds out he is .
(2) The main character is trained to use his .
(3) The main character defeats an villain to take his rightful
place in the world.
Listen & Answer
If you were going to write a novel, which character from a myth would you choose as the
main character of your novel? Talk about your choice with your partner.
Think & Talk
Before You Read
The Archetypes of Mythology 115
1.
2.
3.
a story about real people although
it is not necessarily true Zeus, Gilgamesh
a story about gods and other
creatures
King Arthur, Robin Hood
tribe
survive
creation to continue to live or exist, especially after coming close to dying
C Match the word with its meaning.
the making of the universe, earth and creatures by god
a small group of people of the same race, language and customs
A Write M for a myth and L for a legend.
B Match the themes of the pictures to the common myths.
A great flood that
overwhelmed the earth
The creation of human
beings
The creation of
the world
Read
116 Lesson 5
The word “myth” comes from the Greek “mythos”,
meaning a word or a story. Every culture makes
stories about the creation of the world and the origin
of humankind. These stories are called myths.
Humankind has made myths from the beginning
of history. The oldest living mythology is that of
the Australian Aborigines, stretching back 40,000
years. One of the most interesting facts about myths is that
ones from a diversity of cultures often share similar themes and
characteristics. One of the tasks of folklorists and anthropologists
is to compare the mythologies from different cultures and identify
their similarities and differences. Some examples are presented
below.
Many myths present this world as having been made through a
conscious act of a god. In some of the earliest myths, it is from the
sea that the world emerges. According to the ancient Greeks,
the first to be born from chaos was Gaia, the earth. It was
created as a disk surrounded by the river Oceanus. Gaia
gave birth to Uranus, the sky and Cronos, time. In
an ancient Hindu myth, at
the beginning of the
cycle of creation,
The Archetypes of Mythology
myth []
origin []
mythology []
aborigine []
diversity []
folklorist []
anthropologist
[]
give birth to
to produce a baby or
young animal
Q 1. What kind of stories are called myths?
 The rainbow snake from Australian
Aboriginal mythology was said to
have created the landscape.
5
10
15
20
The Archetypes of Mythology 117
a number of vital treasures, including
the potion for immortality, could not be
found, so the gods decided to stir the
ocean, using Mount Mandara. As they
stirred, the ocean turned to milk, then
to butter, and the sun and moon rose
up into the sky. Over time, the potion
for immortality was created. A similar
pattern can be found in a Japanese
myth. The Japanese god Izanagi and
his wife Izanami stood on the Floating
Bridge of Heaven and stirred the ocean
with a jewelled spear until the water
thickened, forming the first island,
Onokoro. There they built a house with
a central stone pillar, which became the
backbone of the world.
 Hindu god on Mount Mandara
 Izanagi and Izanami in a
Japanese myth
treasure []
potion []
immortality []
spear []
stone pillar
backbone []
rise up
to appear as a tall shape
above the surroundings
Q 2. What did the Hindu gods use to stir the ocean?
5
10
15
118 Lesson 5
All mythologies tell how the first
human beings came to be. Often a
powerful creator shaped them from
clay or mud. The Unalit (North
Alaskan Inuit) say that the first man
was born from the pod of a beach
pea. When he burst out of the pod,
he was met by Raven, who taught
him how to live and made him a
wife out of clay. The Egyptian goat-god
Khnum was the potter who shaped each human being and
their soul, or life force, on his potter’s wheel. He was worshipped
on the island of Elephantine. Writing on a block of stone found
on Elephantine records how prayers to Khnum brought to an
end a seven-year famine. The West African god Mawu-Lisa made
the first people from clay and water. The first man and woman,
sometimes called Adanhu and Yewa, were sent down from the
sky with the rainbow snake Aido-Hwedo. For the first 17 days it
did nothing but rain; the man and woman did not speak, but only
called out the name of the god who had sent them to the earth.
 Adanhu and Yewa, the first man
and woman in an African myth
 Khnum at his potter’s wheel
pod []
potter []
worship []
prayer []
famine []
burst out of
to leave a place suddenly
bring to an end
to finish
e.g. Germany admitted
defeat, bringing to an end
the war in Europe.
nothing but
only
e.g. What he just said is
nothing but a joke.
Q 3. What did Raven teach to the first man?
5
10
15
20
The Archetypes of Mythology 119
 Mesopotamian flood myth, the hero
Utnapishtim survived the great
flood
One of the most widespread
of all myths is the story of a great
flood that once overwhelmed the
earth, sparing only a lucky few. The
earliest flood story is found in the
Mesopotamian epic of Gilgamesh,
in which a hero frees birds to see if
the waters are receding. The Native
American Mandan tribe speaks of
Lone Man, who survives a great
flood in his big canoe. Tired of the
wickedness of humans, the Greek
god Zeus sends a flood to drown
them all. But Prometheus warns his
son Deucalion, who builds an ark in
time to save himself and his wife. The Hindu wise man Manu finds
a fish in his washing water. The fish tells Manu that he must build
a ship because a great flood is coming. When the flood arrives,
the fish, which was an incarnation of the Hindu god Vishnu, tows
Manu to safety. Manu then becomes the father of all humankind.
 The Flood, a painting describing a flood in a Greek
myth
 A fish telling Manu to prepare for
a great flood in a Hindu myth
overwhelm []
Mesopotamian epic
recede []
wickedness []
ark []
incarnation []
Link to the Text
The Mandan are Native
American people living
in North Dakota. About
half of the Mandan still
reside in the area of the
reservation; the rest
reside around the United
States and in Canada.
4. Who was the fish that the Hindu wise man Manu found in his washing
water?
Q
5
10
15
20
120 Lesson 5
Myths with similar events and characters appear again and
again in different cultures. Societies can be on opposite ends
of the globe from one another, yet some of their stories and
legends inevitably make use of the same symbols, themes and
motifs. A famous anthropologist, Joseph Campbell, once wrote:
“One explanation for these similarities is that the human mind is
essentially the same all over the world and out of this common
ground has come what Carl Jung has called the archetypes, which
are the common ideas of myths.”
Q 5. According to Joseph Campbell, why do myths have similarities?
opposite []
legend []
inevitably []
motif []
essentially []
all over the world
archetype []
make use of
to use somebody/
something for your own
advantage
e.g. Every business today
needs to make use of
social media.
5
After You Read
The Archetypes of Mythology 121
Choose one of the myths in the text and search the Internet for the full story. Share what you
find with your partner.
 are the stories about the creation of the world and the origin of .
1. Many myths present
as having
been made through a
conscious act of a god.
2. All mythologies tell how
the first human beings
came to be. Often a
powerful creator shaped
them from .
3. One of the most
widespread of all
myths is the story of a
that once
overwhelmed the earth,
sparing only a lucky few.
 The is essentially the same all over the world and out of this
common ground have come what Carl Jung has called the archetypes, which are the
of myths.
What is the main idea of the text?
Three important reasons why you should read myths
Three ways that myths have influenced literature
Three common elements that can be found in myths around the world
B
Check T if the statement is true, and F if it is false.
1. In a Greek myth, Oceanus gave birth to the sky and time. T F
2. In a Japanese myth, the gods stirred the ocean after the sun and moon rose. T F
3. The Unalit, North Alaskan Inuit, believe that the first man was born from the pod
of a beach pea. T F
4. It was in the big canoe that Lone Man survived a great flood. T F
C
@@
A Complete the flow chart.
Think & Discuss
122 Lesson 5
Read the following passage.
Name Choice Reason
A
C Discuss your choice with your friends and fill in the table with their ideas.
Once upon a time there were three goddesses: Aphrodite, Athena, and Hera. They
were arguing about which one of them was the most beautiful. The goddesses picked
Paris to be their judge and told him to give the golden apple to the most beautiful
goddess. Each goddess offered Paris something to get him to choose her.
Read about the choice Paris had to make. If you were Paris, who would you give the golden
apple to? Why?
B
Paris’s choice
I would give the golden apple to Aphrodite. Because I want to be in love with
Helen. She is the most beautiful woman on earth.
 I think in a different way.
 I don’t think/believe so.
 I agree /disagree with you.
Expressions
Aphrodite : I’ll give you the most beautiful woman in
the world.
Athena : I’ll make you the wisest man in the world.
Hera : I’ll give you power.
My choice
If I were Paris, I would give the golden apple to because
.
Language Focus
The Archetypes of Mythology 123
A Word Formation
Complete the sentences using the words above.
1. Don’t forget to your oven before you put the pizza into it.
2. Many animals were found in the northern parts of America.
3. The food of the gods was supposed to give to any human who ate it.
Change the underlined words into the phrases above.
1. More businesses are trying to use social networking sites.
2. Reducing how much we pay workers is only a temporary solution to our budget
problems.
3. Mr. Jackson’s wife had a healthy boy yesterday.
B Useful Expressions
 Gaia gave birth to Uranus, the sky and Cronos, time.
The couples are expected to give birth to their first child soon.
 For the first 17 days it did nothing but rain.
The boy has nothing but rock music on his MP3 player.
 Some stories and legends inevitably make use of the same symbols, themes and motifs.
You always try to make good use of every minute.
Find the meaning of the following expressions by searching the Internet.
@
diverse culture, ancient culture, modern culture, foreign culture GO!
pre-
(before)
historic
heat
caution
prehistoric
preheat
precaution
im-
(not,
opposite)
mortality
patient
possible
immortality
impatient
impossible
C Collocation
common
main
major
theme
become
get
look
thick
124 Lesson 5
Underline the ungrammatical parts and rewrite them.
(1) Each students have a different solution to the problem.
(2) All his students says he is a very unique teacher.
(3) That cheering song is sung at every basketball games.
D Grammar
1 Every culture makes stories about the creation of the world and the origin of
humankind.
 An error can occur at each step in this process.
 The forest fire fanned out in all directions.
Choose the two words that have the same usage.
2 The Unalit say that the first man was born from the pod of a beach pea.
 China’s meat consumption per year is more than double that of the United States.
 I heard the news that the musician performed with electronic instruments.
 A high school student has confirmed the hypothesis that a celebrated doctor had made.
A creature with special powers that rises from the dead to suck the blood of the
living-could anything be more frightening than that? Myths and legends about
vampires can be found all over the world, stretching back for thousands of years. Stories
of vampires came from the Far East, carried along trade routes to Eastern Europe by
merchants, and it is here that modern myths about vampires took root.
The word “vampire” did not actually appear until the 18th
century. It entered the English language in 1732. Some believe
that the myths surrounding vampires may have arisen because
of mad dog disease occurring in Europe. Victims of the disease
say that they experience tiredness and loss of appetite. In the
later stages, they can suffer violent episodes, often attacking other
people and trying to bite them, especially if they are exposed to
mirrors or strong sunlight.
Grammar in writing Write
The Archetypes of Mythology 125
A Describe the following picture using each, every or all.
1. A tiger and a bear prayed to Hwanung so that .
2. Upon hearing their prayers, Hwanung said
.
3. It is said
while the tiger gave up after about twenty days.
4. Hwanung decided that .
5. Soon, she gave birth to a son, .
B Fill in the blanks to complete the famous Korean myth of Dangun.
1.
2.
3.
4.
( )
( / 100 )
( / )
( )
( )
Writing a twisted story
126 Lesson 5
Step 1 Think about the twisted questions from each fairy tale below.
Step 3 Write your twisted story below.
This is the story about .
Step 2 Choose a story to rewrite and make a plan.
The title of the story
The part you want to
change from the story
A summary of the story
What if a Merman met a
princess?
or
If the Little Mermaid was tired
of how the prince treated her,
how would she act?
What would happen if Snow
White met the wolf instead of
the Seven Dwarfs?
or
What if the witch pitied Snow
White and did not give her a
poisoned apple?
What if the Beauty was ugly
but with a beautiful mind?
or
If the Beast had not changed
into a prince, would the
Beauty still marry him?
Performing a play Project Work
The Archetypes of Mythology 127
Make a group of four and talk about your twisted story with your group. Then, choose the
best story in your group.
1.
4. Perform your play.
5. Evaluate other groups’ performance.
Title of the story:
2. Write a play using the chosen story.
Excellent Very Good Good Poor Very Poor
Group #1
Group #2
Group #3
Group #4
3. Assign a part and prepare materials to perform your play.
Materials
Characters Classmates’ Names
128 Lesson 5
A Listen and choose the sentence that is true.
The girl is going to write a play script.
The girl is interested in entertainment.
The girl is going to sing a song during the school festival.
B Listen and answer the questions.
1. Write what the girl’s problem is.
It is too late to call the service provider and she has to
by tomorrow morning.
2. What did the man advise the girl to do instead of calling the service provider?
Which place has fascinated you most? Act it out with your partner about the most
interesting place you have ever traveled using the dialog below.
C
A: I went on a trip to . interested
me a lot.
B: Really? I’d love to travel . As for me, the most interesting place I’ve
ever traveled is .
A: Oh, I didn’t know that you had traveled there. Please tell me more about it.
B:
The Archetypes of Mythology 129
One of the most widespread of all myths is the story of that
once overwhelmed the earth, sparing only a lucky few. The earliest flood story is found in
the Mesopotamian epic of Gilgamesh, in which a hero frees birds to see if the waters are
receding. The Native American Mandan tribe speaks of Lone Man, who survives a great
flood in his big canoe. Tired of the wickedness of humans, the Greek god Zeus sends a
flood to drown them all. But Prometheus warns his son Deucalion, who builds an ark in
time to save himself and his wife. The Hindu wise man Manu finds a fish in his washing
water. The fish tells Manu that he must build a ship because a great flood is coming.
When the flood arrives, the fish, which was an incarnation of the Hindu god Vishnu,
tows Manu to safety. Manu then becomes the father of all humankind.
D Read and answer the questions.
1. Choose the correct phrase to go in the blank.
a great flood creating the world
the first human beings the end of the world
2. Which of the following statement is NOT true?
It was a fish that told Manu about a great flood.
The Greek god Zeus warned Deucalion of a flood.
Lone Man survived a great flood in his big canoe.
There are a few people who survived the flood.
E Number the pictures in the correct order. Then write a story. (30-50 words)
<Lesson 6>
Ultra Reality
at Your Fingertips
6Lesson
Study Points
Listen & Talk
1. To express the emotion of surprise
That’s incredible!
2. To ask and answer how to do something
Could you show me how to use it?
Topic Science and Technology
Read
Understanding what augmented reality
is and how it is used
1. To make AR easier to use, it is
necessary that user interfaces improve
and connections be guaranteed.
2. There are some major issues that
need to be resolved to gain accurate
recognition on a real-time basis.
Grammar
Creating your own blog
Write
Before You Begin Will it be possible to see the following things in the
future? If you think so, in what year do you think
we can see them?
cities on other planets
travel into deep space
multi-touch screen
auto-flying car
flying suit
robot maid
Listen
132 Lesson 6
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What are the speakers talking about?
A news article that the boy is reading
A science fiction movie that they watched
A customer’s review on what the girl bought
2. Complete the paragraph about cars of the future.
An automobile company has been developing a car. A car of the
future will be able to predict the driver’s and respond by selecting
the correct and position on the road.
A
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. Fill in the blank.
The speakers are talking about a project for the .
2. Check True or False.
(1) The girl will do some experiments with water. T F
(2) The boy has two ideas for the subject of the project. T F
(3) The girl thinks building a battery will be more interesting because T F
that is more related to everyday life.
B
Get Started
Listen and fill in the blanks with what you heard.
1. 2.
Scientists have already
created one.
That’s . Could you
use it?
Sure.
Ultra Reality at Your Fingertips 133
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What is the correct word for each meaning?
(1) : a site to offer wireless Internet access
(2) : a wireless network technology
2. Choose the sentence which is NOT true.
Using a Wi-Fi system, computers can access the Internet without using wires.
Many restaurants have now become hotspots.
Hotspots are found less often these days.
C
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. Fill in the blanks.
A: What is the Young Scientist Contest?
B: It is a contest that encourages students to solve using
.
2. Complete the chart.
D
Participants in the contest Any high school student except the former .
Entry requirements
A 1-2 minute that explains a problem and
solution.
Prize $
Website www.ysc.com
About You Do you know what apps, the cloud and social media do? Talk to your partner about
how you use them.
Sound Tip
I’m not used to this kind of phone. I can’t wait to have one.
Talk
134 Lesson 6
Talk with your partner.
 save the file in my photo folder - find the folder and click the “save” icon
 post a picture on the site - click the “picture” icon and follow the directions
 -
A: Could you show me how to change my camera settings?
B: Sure. You just need to press the setting button here.
A: Oh, that’s easy. Thank you very much.
A
Talk with your partner.
A: I heard that we won’t need to study in the future.
B: Sounds interesting. Could you tell me more about it?
A: Sure. We will be able to download everything into our brain.
B: That’s awesome.
B
That’s surprising.
That’s incredible.
 athletes will perform much
better / They will be able to
use artificial body parts.
 doctors won’t need to
perform surgery / Medical
robots will be able to
perform surgery.
 we won’t need a screen to
watch a movie / We will
be able to watch movies
downloaded into our brain.
(On Your Own)
Challenge Will these inventions above change your life? Tell your partner what you think.
Could you explain . . . ?
Communicative Task
Ultra Reality at Your Fingertips 135
Step 1 Guess how household appliances will be used in the future.
Step 2 Talk with your partner using the future predictions you wrote about above.
A: In the past, people had to wash in a river. But now, we can take a bath or a shower in the
house.
B: Exactly. As new technologies are constantly being developed, the future will be a much
more convenient world than the present.
A: Then could you explain more about the future you imagine?
B: It is likely that people will take a shower by passing through a
shower booth in the future.
A: That’s awesome. I hope I can experience it while I’m alive.
B: I’m sure you will because new technologies are being
developed so quickly.
Category Past Present Future Prediction
Bathing Wash in a river
Take a bath or a shower
in the house
Take a shower by passing
through a shower booth
Travel Walk or ride a horse
Travel in a car, a train or
an airplane
Washing Dishes
Wash dishes only by
hand
Use a dishwasher
Cooking Cook only on a fire Use oven or microwaves
Self Assessment
not bad (1 point) good (2 points) excellent (3 points)
Rubric Fluency Clear
Pronunciation
Precise
Vocabulary Good Structure Appropriate
Response
Your Score
Step 3 Collect innovative ideas of the future and present them to the class.
Listen & Talk in Real Life
136 Lesson 6
Great kitchen designs at low prices
Technologies used in the kitchen of the future
How to choose good kitchen appliances
1st Listening What are the speakers talking about?
2nd Listening Choose the proper name for each item and fill in the blanks.
It tells you the
and displays
it on the .
It lights up the
to help
you find things.
It projects the
of the refrigerator directly
onto the .
Fridge Camera Smart Cabinet Virtual Recipe
Listen & Answer
Talk with your partner about technologies that you hope to be developed in the future.
Think & Talk
Before You Read
Ultra Reality at Your Fingertips 137
Match each word with its meaning.
innovation superimpose virtual interaction
1. : an effect on each other
2. : made to appear to exist by the use of computer software
3. : to put one image on top of another so that the two can be combined
4. : a new idea, way of doing something that has been introduced or
discovered
C
Look at the invention timeline of the 20th and 21st centuries. Think about how these
inventions changed your everyday life.
A
Electronic Computer
Cell Phone
Internet
Wi-Fi
Virtual Keyboard
Email
World Wide Web
Smartphone
Transparent Touch Pad Laptops
Digital Camera
Global Positioning System
1943 1947 1971 1975 1983 1990 1993 1997 2002 2007 2012
 The Invention Timeline of the 20th and 21st Centuries
B Read the definition of each word. Guess what the term augmented reality means.
augment: to increase the amount, value or size
of something
reality: a thing that is actually experienced
or seen, in contrast to what people
might imagine
Augmented reality?
ReadRead
augmented reality
instantly []
in danger of
consume []
look up
to look for information
e.g. He can look up words
very quickly because he
often uses dictionaries.
5
15
Augmented Reality:
Ultra Reality at Your Fingertips
Q 1. Why does a display pop up at your favorite local hamburger shop?
138 Lesson 6
253 Tweets
Friends I’m at a
coffee shop.
Have you heard of augmented reality? Before you
answer, try to put yourself in some different situations.
Imagine yourself walking down the street
with a friend, and you suddenly see a jacket
you like on someone else. You are able
to look it up instantly.
Feeling hungry, you drop into your
favorite local hamburger shop. A
display pops up to warn you that you
are in danger of consuming too much
fat for the day. You are uncertain about
your choice of a cheese burger, but then decide
to have it anyway. After the meal, you walk into a coffee
shop with your friend. At that moment, you find a man
whom you find attractive. Naturally, you want to know more about
him. Within seconds, you get his name,
the number of friends he tweets
with and even every word of his
last post.
Ultra Reality at Your Fingertips 139
These situations are possible with an augmented reality (AR)
system, one of the newest innovations in the electronics industry.
AR has been around for only twenty years. It is a technology that
superimposes graphics, audio and other virtual enhancements
over a live view of the real world. This information can be relayed
to its users through either head mounted displays or handheld
devices. AR is not the same as virtual reality (VR), which is an
entirely digital experience that aims to create a 3D space or object
to take the place of reality. It is quite the opposite. AR’s purpose
is to add useful information to real-life situations. It is this “real
world” element that differentiates AR from virtual reality. AR aims
to enhance users’ interaction with the environment, rather than
separate them from it.
Q 2. What makes AR different from virtual reality?
innovation []
electronics []
superimpose
[]
relay []
device []
virtual reality
useful information
differentiate []
enhance []
interaction []
separate A from B
to divide
e.g. It is impossible to
separate her later work from
her experiences in India.
5
10
 Reality-Virtuality (RV) Continuum
funda
1.3
10km
Hotel Prins Hendrik
Amsterdam
Three star hotel
Distance: 1323m
Real
Environment
Augmented
Reality (AR)
Virtual
Environment
(Digital Space)
Information
 Augmented reality on a smartphone
140 Lesson 6
AR came to public notice when it was adopted in the advertising
sector. The idea of user interaction based on AR was used most
efficiently in a major promotion campaign by a Swiss watch
company. The idea was that you put a dummy paper watch around
your wrist, which in reality was simply a thin piece of card with a
code on the face. When held in front of the web camera, the web
application displayed it on the screen as a virtual version of the
watch of your choice. You could also browse and choose the watch
that you liked. It was one of the most successful AR promotions
with people taking the paper watches home as souvenirs.
Another major application of AR is travel. Travel and
tourism have been quick to pick up on the technology. Since the
smartphone has been replacing the roles of maps, telephone books
and address books, the backbone of information today is linked
to the Internet. The mobile phone is increasingly turning into a
travel guide. The benefits of AR are immense. For one, it can help
travelers open their eyes more actively to what is around them. It
also provides users a new route that they can use to access travel
information. As long as you can receive a GPS signal and have a
compass in your device, the application will know your location
and provide relevant information.
Q 3. In what area can AR be used?
public notice
adopt []
efficiently []
promotion []
dummy paper
application []
souvenir []
replace []
backbone []
immense []
access []
compass []
relevant information
pick up on
to notice something and
perhaps react to it
e.g. I couldn’t pick up on
what she was talking about.
5
10
15
20
 A promotion campaign by a Swiss watch company
Ultra Reality at Your Fingertips 141
AR could aid everyday
living in other fields as well.
In education, AR could be
used to view a panoramic
recreation of a historical
event superimposed on its
real-time background. AR
could be used in medicine
to give a surgeon a better
sensory perception of the
patient’s body during an operation. As time goes on, AR’s areas
of application could become wider. With AR becoming more
of a ubiquitous technology like the Internet, AR could change
the way you connect with people around you. You could
move your mobile above someone’s head to learn more
about him. Does he share your interests? Is he clever and
funny? Does he like you?
Q 4. How can AR be used in medicine?
panoramic recreation
surgeon []
sensory []
perception []
operation []
as time goes on
ubiquitous technology
5
10
15
 A surgeon performing an operation using AR
 A historical event being experienced using AR
 Social networking using AR
142 Lesson 6
AR is still an emerging technology. It is only natural that it will
face many challenges on its way to becoming accessible to a wider
audience. GPS access needs to be expanded and tracking users
should also become more accurate. There are some major issues
that need to be resolved to gain accurate recognition on a real-time
basis. Waving your phone or camera may look uncomfortable after a
while, so they may be replaced by other means such as lightweight
glasses or contact lenses. To make AR easier to use, it is necessary
that user interfaces improve and connections be guaranteed. Once
major technological hurdles are overcome, AR could lift us into a
world of a reality other than the one we are accustomed to. When
that day comes, AR will not even be called AR. It could simply be
referred to as reality.
5. What could AR do for us when its major technological hurdles are
overcome?
Q
emerge []
become accessible
expand []
accurate []
major issue
resolve []
gain recognition
be replaced by
interface []
connection []
guarantee []
hurdle []
be accustomed to
to be familiar with
e.g. My eyes were getting
accustomed to the dark.
refer to A as B
to mention or speak about
e.g. My friends always refer
to me as “boss”.
5
10
 AR replacing reality in the near future
After You Read
Ultra Reality at Your Fingertips 143
Search the Internet for other fields that can benefit from augmented reality. Talk about what
you find with your classmates.
@@
A Fill in the blanks.
B Complete the chart of where AR was or can be used in each field.
Augmented Reality
In the advertising
sector
To be used
efficiently in a
campaign
In travel and
tourism
To provide users
a
that they can use
to access travel
information
In
To view a
panoramic
recreation of a
In
To give a
surgeon a better
of the patient’s
body during an
operation
 A technology that superimposes
over a live view of the real world
 Entirely
that aims to create a 3D space or object to
take the place of reality
Augmented Reality Virtual Reality
Which of the following questions is NOT answered by the text?
What are the examples of AR?
How can AR be adopted?
What problems does AR cause?
What challenges will AR face?
C
Think & Debate
144 Lesson 6
Watch the video from www.vitodibari.com and read the following passage. Then talk
about robot pets with your partner.
A
Could our pets be one day replaced by robots? Futurist
Ross Dawson explores this idea, using Pleo, the new robot pet.
He predicts the pets will be replaced by robot pets in a near
future. Pleo, although only a robot, acts like any other animal:
he responds to interaction and can establish an emotional
connection with people.
Survey your classmates and find out how many of you agree and disagree on having robot
pets.
D
C Note the example below and discuss with your partner using the expressions below.
 What’s your opinion on
this topic?
 Could you tell me your
views on this matter?
 Are you for or against it?
 I’m for/against it.
Expressions
Well, I don’t think so.
I think our pets cannot be
replaced by robots. They
don’t have a soul because
they are just a machine.
B Read the pros and cons of robot pets. Put a check next to the ideas that you agree with.
Pros Cons
We can switch them off when we are
traveling.
They never turn on their master.
They do not have a soul.
We will not respect them as much as
living animals.
(On Your Own) (On Your Own)
Ultra Reality at Your Fingertips 145
Change the underlined words into the words above.
1. People try not to uncover their fears.
2. They sell their products to another country.
3. The purpose of meeting and communicating between two companies is to develop
business opportunities.
A Word Formation
Language Focus
Search the Internet for the meaning of the following expressions.
@
useful information, precise information, crucial information GO!
Fill in the blanks with the phrases above.
1. They are all professional performers who are the big stage.
2. As time passes, optimism will gradually negative belief.
3. When your child has a cold, you should him any other children.
B Useful Expressions
 VR is an entirely digital experience that aims to take the place of reality.
An actor said, “A man is not old until his regrets take the place of dreams.”
 AR aims to enhance users’ interaction with the environment, rather than separate them
from it.
We sometimes need to separate ourselves from a familiar place and go somewhere new.
 AR could lift us into a world of a reality other than the one we are accustomed to.
We are so accustomed to disguising ourselves to others that in the end we become
disguised to ourselves.
ex-
(out)
pose
port
tend
expose
export
extend
inter-
(between)
action
national
mediate
interaction
international
intermediate
C Collocation
different
political
unusual
situation
handheld
automatic
labor-saving
device
146 Lesson 6
Underline the ungrammatical parts and rewrite them.
(1) It is very necessary that he gets properly dressed for the job interview.
(2) It is essential that emergency switch is used only when strictly necessary.
(3) It is imperative that the argument is settled rapidly and everything returns to
normal.
D Grammar
Choose the grammatically correct phrases to complete the passage.
Teenagers want (to accept / to be accepted) in a group. And growing up can be very
hard for them. They undergo a lot of changes and those who find it hard to cope with the
changes (often catch / are often caught) in a dangerous situation. For example, they often
end up in the company of bad friends.
Even if they are in a difficult stage at the moment, they should not (be lost / lose) control
of themselves. They should still be responsible for all their actions. They are already old
enough (to appreciate / to be appreciated) as adults who know what is right from wrong. So
they have to choose their friends wisely and make sure that they (belong / are belonged) in the
right group.
1 To make AR easier to use, it is necessary that user interfaces improve and connections
be guaranteed.
 It is essential that all the drivers carry their driver’s license.
 It is important that students read an English newspaper in order to improve their
English.
2 There are some major issues that need to be resolved to gain accurate recognition on
a real-time basis.
 Three issues to be considered in team building are communication, goal specification
and relationship between members.
 A movie celebrating the life of the late climber is scheduled to be released in theaters
this fall.
Grammar in writing Write
Ultra Reality at Your Fingertips 147
B Fill in the blanks using the given verbs. Then answer the following question.
Why Do People Use Social Networks?
Recently, social media is taking up a major part of many people’s lives. With such a
great potential influence on our life, it is important to understand the basic reasons these
social networking sites are used. Let’s take a look at the chart.
The main reasons for using social networking sites are to (connect)
with friends or family-“staying in touch with friends” indicated as the main reason by
67% and “staying in touch with family” by 64%.
The lowest rated reason
for social networking sites to
(use) is finding
romantic or dating partners-it
(give) as a
main reason by only 3% and the
big majority (84%) said that it
was not a reason at all.
Pe o p l e d o n o t s e em to
(interest) in social
postings of known figures-only
5% answered that “reading
comments by celebrities, athletes
or politicians” was a main reason.
Q: Why do you use social networks? What are the main reasons and minor reasons?
A:
Think about how you can protect your online privacy. Then complete the sentences with
your own ideas.
A
1. It is necessary that you .
2. It is essential that you .
3. It is important that you .
4. It is imperative that you .
e.g. It is important that you not reply to spammers, for any reason.
0
20
40
60
80
100 9%
24%
67%
13%
23%
64%
13%
36%
51%
51%
35%
14%
57%
34%
9%
75%
20%
5%
84%
13%
3%
(%)
Staying in
touch with
current
friends
Staying in
touch with
family
members
Connectin
g with old
friends
you’ve lost
touch with
Connecting
with others
with shared
hobbies or
interests
Making
new
friends
Reading
comments by
celebrities,
athletes or
politicians
Finding
potential
romantic
or dating
partners
Main reason Minor reason Not a reason
<http://www.workinghomeguide.com/>
Creating your own blog
148 Lesson 6
Step 1 Look at some creative inventions found on some blogs. Which invention is the most
interesting? Choose one and post it to your blog!
Step 2 Answer the questions about the invention you chose.
1. Who would use this invention?
2. How would it be used?
3. What would be its advantages and disadvantages?
Step 3 Create your own blog page about the invention you chose using your answers above.
Title
Favorite
News
Message
Connect
Find Friends
My Interest
Music
Photos
Weight Watch Belt Rug Alarm Clock Keyboard Pants All-at-once Cutter Handheld Toaster
My Blog
Making a survey Project Work
Ultra Reality at Your Fingertips 149
1. Fill in the questionnaire about Internet addiction.
1: Rarely 2: Occasionally 3: Frequently 4: Often 5:Always
Make groups of four and make a bar graph of Internet addiction for your class. Think about
solutions for getting over Internet addiction.
0
5
10
15
Number
of students
Level of
Internet addiction
Mild Moderate Severe
2.
Internet addiction
Solutions for escaping from
My Result:
I scored .
My Internet addiction level is .
<http://www.netaddiction.com/>
Internet Addiction Level:
Mild Moderate Severe
10-24 points 25-39 points 40-50 points
Internet Addiction Test
Check List 1 2 3 4 5
1. I stay online longer than I intended.
2. I neglect things I have to do to spend more time online.
3. I try to cut down the amount of time I spend online and fail.
4. Others complain to me about the amount of time I spend online.
5. My grades suffer because of the amount of time I spend online.
6. I choose to spend time online over going out with others.
7. I fear that life without the Internet would be boring and empty.
8. I feel depressed or nervous when I am offline.
9. I lose sleep due to late night web browsing sessions.
10. I am absorbed in the Internet when offline or think about being online.
Total
1: Rarely 2: Occasionally
3: Frequently 4: Often 5: Always
150 Lesson 6
A Listen and choose what the boy is going to do.
He is going to the library to borrow a book.
He is going to help the girl to buy a smartphone.
He is going to help the girl to download an app.
B Listen and answer the questions.
1. What is NOT mentioned in the conversation?
A definition of augmented reality
How to download a movie onto a phone
The kind of movie that the woman is watching
2. Fill in the blanks.
AR is a technology that adds to a view of the .
Complete the instruction for how to send a photo through text messaging. Next, act it
out with your partner.
C
 how to download an
app
 how to format a
computer
 how to convert a file
Practice More
A: Sure. First, . Next, .
Then, .
A: You look worried. What’s wrong?
A: Don’t worry. I know how to do it.
B: I don’t know how to send a picture through text messaging.
B: Oh, really? Could you show it to me with my phone?
First ... Next ... Then ...
Ultra Reality at Your Fingertips 151
D Read and answer the questions.
These situations are possible with an augmented reality (AR) system, one of
the newest innovations in the electronics industry. AR has been around for only
twenty years. It is a technology that superimposes graphics, audio and other virtual
enhancements over a live view of the real world. This information can be relayed to
its users through either head mounted displays or handheld devices. (A) AR is not
the same as virtual reality (VR), which is an entirely digital experience that aims
to create a 3D space or object to take the place of reality. (B) AR’s purpose is to
add useful information to real-life situations. (C) It is this ‘real world’ element that
differentiates AR from virtual reality. (D) AR aims to enhance users’ interaction with
the environment, rather than separate them from it.
1. Where can the following sentence be placed?
It is quite the opposite.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2. Which statement about augmented reality is NOT true?
It has been around for only twenty years.
It superimposes virtual enhancements over a live view of the real world.
It is an entirely digital experience that aims to create a 3D space or object.
It aims to enhance users’ interaction with the environment.
E Write about the future smart home using the given information.
Future homes will be different. First,
it is possible to identify visitors at the
entrance using facial recognition software.
Future homes
will be .
Smart Home
1. Entrance: facial recognition software
2. Kitchen: smart appliances; ovens,
microwaves and refrigerators are
combined
3. Room: remote-controlled
4. Roof: green energy sources
<Lesson 7>
More Than Just
Kitties and
Penguins
7Lesson
Study Points
Listen & Talk
1. To ask whether the other person
remembers something / someone
I wonder if you remember Jinsu.
2. To express what you prefer
I think she prefers Hello Kitty to
Mashimaro.
Topic Character Merchandising
Read
The economic effect of character
merchandising
1. In the early 1970s, a young Tokyo-based
company called Sanrio wanted
a character that would appeal to
preteen girls around the world.
2. The success of Hello Kitty skyrocketed
Sanrio into a billion-dollar business,
with half of its revenue coming from
Hello Kitty.
Grammar
Making a SWOT Analysis
Write
Before You Begin Check the characters you know and match them with
their names. Which character did you use to like? Which
character do you like now?
Powerpuff Girls
Mickey Mouse
Peanuts and Snoopy
SpongeBob
The Simpsons
Garfield
Dora
Dooly
Listen
154 Lesson 7
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. Where are the speakers going to go?
2. Check True or False.
(1) They are planning a class field trip during the vacation. T F
(2) The boy suggests they watch movies and have some meals first. T F
(3) The speakers will ride the roller coaster. T F
A
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What are the speakers talking about?
Mom’s hobbies Dad’s job Dongmin’s favorite character
2. Fill in the blanks.
Dongmin used to want not only the Agumon but also whatever
Agumon was on. Mom still remembers the of
the show because she also loved the characters.
B
Get Started
1. Which cell phone wallpaper does the girl prefer?
The one with penguin characters
The one with movie stars
2. What happened to Jinsu?
He became the president of the movie club.
He won first prize in an international animation contest.
Listen and choose what you heard.
More Than Just Kitties and Penguins 155
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What is the main idea of the talk?
Using celebrities in advertising products
The consumer purchase decision process
Ways to enhance the quality of goods
2. Choose the sentence that is NOT true.
It is reported that celebrity marketing influences
consumer buying behavior.
It is important for marketers to match the image of
the celebrity with the product.
Celebrity marketing attracts less attention to the
advertisement than non-celebrity marketing.
C
Sound Tip
Look at these! I wonder if you remember them.
Listen and answer the following questions.
1. What is the main idea of the talk?
The difficulties of creating popular characters
Three main characters made in Korea
The economic value of character merchandising
2. Fill in the blanks.
D
The Hello Kitty company receives a royalty
of between and
percent from hundreds of companies.
Pororo has brought in about
dollars a year.
Hello Kitty Pororo
 Justin Bieber
Talk
156 Lesson 7
Challenge What kind of movies do you prefer, action, horror or romantic movie? Talk with your
partner.
Choose what you prefer out of each pair and write your reason. Then, talk about your
choice with your partner.
A
A: I wonder if you remember Mike’s birthday is this Friday.
B: Of course, I do. Why don’t we decide on a gift for him? He enjoys making models. So I
was thinking of a model airplane kit for him.
A: That’s perfect! Where can we get it?
B: We can get it in the gift shop. Let’s go together.
Your classmate’s birthday is coming. Think about what your classmate enjoys doing. What would
make a good birthday gift for them? Write down your ideas and then talk with your partner.
Name What he/she enjoys A present for his/her birthday
B
A: Which do you prefer, individual sports or team sports?
B: I prefer team sports to individual sports because being with other people is more fun.
How about you?
A: I prefer team sports, too. I think . . . is better than . . .
Well, I like . . . more.
1.
Disney or Japanese animation
I prefer because
.
2.
Western food or Korean food
I prefer because
.
3.
Crossword puzzle or board game
I prefer because
.
Do you remember . . . ?
You haven’t forgotten about . . . ,
have you?
Communicative Task
More Than Just Kitties and Penguins 157
Think about your favorite character from a movie, book or cartoon. Write down
their characteristics.
Step 1
Step 2 Talk about your favorite character with your partner using the information above.
A: I wonder if you remember the movie, Harry Potter. Guess who my favorite character is.
B: Okay, let me guess. Is he or she one of the main characters?
A: Yes, and the character has curly orange hair and is very tall.
B: Hmm . . . okay, I have a few characters in my mind. Give me more clues.
A: This character is the best friend of Harry.
B: Hermione?
A: No, this character marries her eventually.
B: I got it! It is Ron! Am I right?
A: Yup. You’re right. I prefer him to any other character because the way he acts just
reminds me of myself.
My Favorite Character : from
Characteristics :
Reason why I like them :
Step 3 Write about your partner’s favorite character and present it to the class.
’s favorite character is . He/She is
and . He/She also .
likes this character because .
Listen & Talk in Real Life
158 Lesson 7
1st Listening What kind of talk is it?
2nd Listening Complete the poster.
A lecture at school A graduation speech A news report
From to Sept 4th
1. Exhibition of more than 100 famous
2. Animation Competitions
 2D animation Claymation
Come and enjoy watching some
great films! And
for your favorite one!
Listen & Answer
Browse the Internet and find a festival you want to attend. Tell your classmate about it.
Think & Talk
Before You Read
More Than Just Kitties and Penguins 159
A Write the correct word for each meaning and guess what the combined word means.
C Match the word with its meaning.
revenue money that is made by or paid to a business or an organization
prosperity to buy property, goods, etc.
purchase a legal agreement between people, companies, etc.
contract the state of being successful, usually by making a lot of money
1. Have you ever used any character products?
2. Do you like buying character products?
3. Is there any reason you prefer buying character products?
B Ask and answer the questions with your partner.
Mickey Mouse
T-shirt
Angry Birds
cell phone case
Hello Kitty
stapler
SpongeBob
purse
Snoopy
dish
Character Merchandising
Persons or things that appear in a
story, movie or TV show
Promoting the sale of a product
+
ReadRead
160 Lesson 7
notice []
bear []
shelf []
strip cartoon
entire range
stationery []
character merchandising
fictional []
consumer []
purchase []
Q 1. What is character merchandising?
Have you ever noticed products bearing images
of well-known characters crowded onto
market shelves? Strip cartoons
(Snoopy), game characters
(Angry Birds) and other
images appear on an entire
range of product s , from
T-shirts, toys and stationery
items to coffee cups, canned
foods and soft drinks. “Character
merchandising” is the use of fictional characters to promote the
sale of a product. According to marketers, what a consumer wants
when purchasing character merchandise is the image of a character
rather than the product. This kind of merchandising first began
with the most famous mouse of all time, Mickey Mouse.
More Than Just Kitties and Penguins:
How Characters Sell
5
10
15
More Than Just Kitties and Penguins 161
In 1927, Walt Disney created a
character called Oswald the Lucky
Rabbit. Under a contract with
Universal Studios, Disney had no
claim to the rights to use Oswald,
so in 1928 he had to come up with
a new character. He shortened the
ears, added some padding around
the middle, and turned the rabbit
into a mouse, calling it “Mickey”.
In the 1930s, following the 1929
stock-market crash, unemployment
reached historic levels and the nation’s financial system was on the
verge of collapse. In the midst of all this, the country was looking
for signs of optimism, recovery and future prosperity. Some of
what the country wanted came from
a surprising quarter-Disney’s
animated creations.
Short Mickey Mouse cartoons
were a hit with moviegoers of all
ages, and new films of Mickey and his
friends were churned out by Disney
and his artists at a rate of about one
per month. The mouse had become a
national fad by the end of 1930, and
soon Disney’s real genius kicked in:
marketing. He introduced a line of
Mickey merchandise such as toys, lunch boxes, watches, etc. Within
two years, the Mickey Mouse Club, a fan club for children, was up
and running. By 1935, Mickey Mouse and his friends had become a
merchandising phenomenon.
Q 2. In what way was “Mickey” born from Oswald the Lucky Rabbit?
contract []
claim []
shorten []
padding []
stock-market crash
unemployment
[]
financial system
collapse []
optimism []
recovery []
prosperity []
quarter []
genius []
become a phenomenon
come up with
to suggest or think of an
idea or plan
e.g. It took me all night, but
I came up with the answer.
in the midst of
in the process of doing
something
e.g. He left his apartment in
the midst of a storm.
churn out
to produce something at a
rapid rate
e.g. The students began to
churn out poems in English.
kick in
to start operation or
happening
e.g. The generator kicked in
when the electricity was cut
off.
5
10
15
20
25
30
 Walt Disney
 The Mickey Mouse Club
Members in 1930s
162 Lesson 7
Despite being more than 80 years old,
Mickey Mouse remains one of the world’s
most famous cultural symbols. The Disney
Company claims that worldwide 98 percent
of children from ages 3 to 11 recognize
Mickey. Mickey merchandise sales peaked
in 1997. Although not that strong today,
they still make up about 40 percent of the
company’s consumer products revenue.
Unlike Mickey Mouse, who began life as a popular cartoon
character, there are characters that are created solely for marketing
purposes. One of the most successful of these characters is
Hello Kitty, from Japan. In the early 1970s, a young Tokyo-based
company called Sanrio wanted a character that would appeal to
preteen girls around the world. Designer Yuko Shimizu came up
with a white kitty without a mouth. In 1974, a plastic coin purse
with the new character on it was the first Hello Kitty product.
With no real advertising, a
series of Hello Kitty products,
including the plastic coin purse,
somehow managed to fly off
store shelves. The success of
Hello Kitty skyrocketed Sanrio
into a billion-dollar business,
with half of its revenue coming
from Hello Kitty.
Q 3. What did the Sanrio Company invent the Hello Kitty character for?
despite []
worldwide []
peak []
revenue []
solely []
purpose []
preteen []
purse []
advertising []
skyrocket []
make up
to compose or constitute
e.g. Eleven members make
up a soccer team.
5
10
15
20
25
 A plastic coin purse-the first Hello Kitty product
 Mickey Mouse
More Than Just Kitties and Penguins 163
Aware of the economic
benefits of Mickey Mouse
and Hello Kitty as keys
to business success,
more and more businesses
have been turning to character
merchandising. In Korea, the
best-known characters are Pucca,
created in 2000, and Pororo, the
star of an animation series first
broadcast in 2003. In fact, Pucca
is more popular overseas than in
Korea. Her image as a confident
Asian girl who bosses her boyfriend around has won fans in 150
countries. The popularity of Pucca
is such that Hollywood stars such as
Gwyneth Paltrow attended Pucca’s
launch party in the U.S. Moreover,
Pucca was identified as the favorite
character among kids in South
America, beating even Mickey
Mouse and Hello Kitty.
Q 4. What image does the Pucca character have?
5
10
15
20
 A display at Pucca’s launch party
held in LA in 2010
economic benefit
broadcast []
overseas []
confident []
boss []
popularity []
launch party
beat []
164 Lesson 7
alongside []
aspiring []
previous []
huge potential
application []
take a turn
to change direction
e.g. After that, her fortune
took a turn for the better.
Alongside Pucca stands Pororo, an animated penguin whose
only dream is to be able to fly. The character is also called “President
Pororo” for its hold over children in Korea. When the cartoon
Pororo the Little Penguin hit television screens in France in 2004,
the aspiring penguin was welcomed with a record-high 47 percent
audience share. The cartoon then successfully made its way to the
U.K., Italy, South America, China and finally Japan in 2006.
Character merchandising has come a long way from Mickey
Mouse. Combined with the development of IT, character
merchandising aimed at global markets is likely to take a new
turn in the near future. While previous characters were used
mostly in books and animation and on stationery, developments
in technology will mean huge potential in online games
and applications for mobile devices. The future of character
merchandising is brighter than ever.
5
10
15
Q 5. How successful was Pororo the Little Penguin in France?
 Pororo and his friends
After You Read
More Than Just Kitties and Penguins 165
A
B Complete the sentences about the future of character merchandising.
The future of character merchandising is than ever. With developments
in , it has huge in online games and applications for mobile
devices.
Check T if the statement is true, and F if it is false.
1. What people want when purchasing character merchandise is the image T F
of a character.
2. The Mickey Mouse cartoons showed that people in the 1930s were looking T F
for signs of optimism, recovery and future prosperity.
3. The success of Hello Kitty made Sanrio a trillion-dollar business, with half T F
of its revenue coming from Hello Kitty.
4. Gwyneth Paltrow attended Pororo’s launch party in the U.S. T F
C
Birth Year Country Appearance Origin
Complete the chart about the characters.
U.S.A.
 It is a black mouse who
typically wears red shorts, large
yellow shoes and white gloves.
 It began life as a popular
character, but
later is used in marketing.
1974
 It is a white
without a mouth.
 It was created solely for
purpose.
Korea
 She has the image of a
confident who
bosses her boyfriend around.
 It was created by the awareness
of the importance of character
merchandising.
2002
 It is an animated
whose only dream is to be able
to .
 It was made as an animation
character for young kids.
Character Merchandising: the use of characters
to the sale of a product
Hello
Kitty
PPuuccccaa
Mickey
Mouse
PPoorroorroo
Think & Express
166 Lesson 7
A Read the paragraphs and answer the questions.
B Browse the Internet and find another good example of a Blue Ocean Strategy.
The Red Ocean has hundreds of other fishermen all fishing for the same fish. On the
other hand, you are the only fisherman in an ocean full of fish in the Blue Ocean.
The Red Ocean market emphasizes competing with other enterprises and using already
existing ideas or products. Often in this type of market, profits shrink due to declining
market shares as a result of price reductions. However, a Blue
Ocean pursues creating new demand in an uncontested market.
A Blue Ocean offers the opportunity for profitable and rapid
growth to an entirely new market.
A good example of a Blue Ocean is Cirque du Soleil-Circus
of the Sun. Performances by Cirque du Soleil earn a million
dollars a night. They entered the circus business when it was a
failing industry. They eliminated animals from the show. Instead
they added more artistic sophistication and targeted customers
who are willing to spend $50-100 for theater. They experienced
rapid growth and profit because they tapped into a Blue Ocean
customer base in an existing Red Ocean. Circus of the Sun
1. Compare the characteristics of the Red Ocean and Blue Ocean.
2. Put a check next to the ways Cirque du Soleil entered a Blue Ocean.
(1) They involved animals in their show.
(2) They added more artistic sophistication in their show.
(3) They targeted customers who are willing to spend $50-100 for theater.
Red Ocean Blue Ocean
 It is heavily competitive and uses already
or products.
 The profits due to
declining market shares.
 It is an market that
pursues creating new demand.
 It offers the for
profitable and rapid growth.
Language Focus
More Than Just Kitties and Penguins 167
Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1. The association needs to make a (composition / contract) on the sharing of documents
between two parties.
2. The negotiation broke down because each party refused to (compromise / contract).
3. The tribe considers (compiling / conforming) to custom as a vital matter.
A Word Formation
Complete the sentences using the phrases above.
1. You should ideas worth hearing.
2. His grades were terrible, and he was failing.
3. People over fifty 50 percent of the population.
B Useful Expressions
 The nation’s financial system was on the verge of collapse.
He was on the verge of tears at the sight of his mother.
 They make up about 40 percent of the company’s consumer products revenue.
Four different layers-crust, mantle, outer core and inner core-make up the Earth.
 Designer Yuko Shimizu came up with a white kitty without a mouth.
It took me all night, but I finally came up with the answer.
Find the meaning of the following expressions by searching the Internet.
@
consumer products, consumer goods, consumer tastes GO!
C Collocation
con-
(together)
tract
form
current
contract
conform
concurrent
market
crash
collapse
trends
com-
(together)
position
promise
pile
composition
compromise
compile
become
construct
perceive
reality
168 Lesson 7
Complete the sentences using the proper tense of the given words.
(1) The car wash stood where the library
(be)
.
(2) All the things you told me, I
(hear)
before.
(3) Daniel
(go)
to New Orleans last February to get an audition that
(will)
give him the role.
(4) Robert went into the market,
(walk)
over to the produce section and
(pick)
through the tomatoes.
D Grammar
1 In the early 1970s, a young Tokyo-based company called Sanrio wanted a character
that would appeal to preteen girls around the world.
 I didn’t notice there was anything wrong with the shirt when I bought it.
 Judy didn’t want to come to the theater with us because she had already seen the
movie.
Unscramble and complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb.
(1) Joon dusted the furniture
(open / the windows / with)
.
(2)
(with / tremble / hands)
, we opened the package.
(3) Maria is listening to music
(her foot / beat time / with)
.
(4) Julia lay peacefully on the frozen lake
(her eyes / with / stare)
at the
Milky Way.
2 The success of Hello Kitty skyrocketed Sanrio into a billion-dollar business, with half of
its revenue coming from Hello Kitty.
 With the project finished, he looks happy.
 Scott was so shocked that he stood there with his mouth hanging open.
Grammar in writing Write
More Than Just Kitties and Penguins 169
A Complete the description of the picture using the given words.
Use the sentences to complete the paragraphs. These sentences are in the order in which
they happened.
B
Katie is looking at the notice on the board
with excitement. (her heart, pound)
1
2 Bunny ran fast to the pharmacy,
wildly. (her scarf, whirl)
Max kept on running the track .
(earphones, on)
3
1.
We arrived at school in the morning and found that
. So .
 Somebody broke into the school during the night.
 We arrived at school in the morning.
 We called the police.
2.
Yesterday Jinsu had a phone call from Mina. He was very surprised. He
but .
 Jinsu sent text messages to Mina many times.
 She never replied to his messages.
 Yesterday he had a phone call from her.
 He was very surprised.
Making a SWOT Analysis
170 Lesson 7
Step 1 Look at a sample SWOT analysis.
Step 2 Suppose you are going to start a business. Think of a product or service and make a
SWOT analysis as above. Present it to class.
Hand-made hamburger store
The students and families around Daehan High School
Product/service
Target market
Product/service
Target market
Strengths
 The only store around Daehan High School
 Strongly motivated staff
 Reasonable Price
Weaknesses
 A weak brand name
 Poor reputation among families
Opportunities
 Students’ tastes prefer our brand
 Low rental cost
Threats
 A big name hamburger store opening nearby
 The price of meat rising sharply
Strengths Weaknesses
Opportunities Threats
When you start your own business, you need to do a SWOT analysis-a kind of marketing
plan. SWOT analysis is a tool for analyzing an organization and its environment. SWOT
stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses
are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors.
Participating in a Character Contest Project Work
More Than Just Kitties and Penguins 171
1. Read about a character that won an award in a character contest.
3. Present your characters to the class.
4. Evaluate other groups’ characters.
Make a group of four. Then make up your own characters by drawing pictures of those
characters and writing stories to go along with them.
2.
Rainstar is a golden-haired, green-eyed, female tabby
cat that loves to play and go on crazy adventures. She loves
playing with balls and is cleverer than any other animal. In
her free time, she loves to go outside at night or when it is
raining and watch the stars or the weather. She can teach
all other animals about the weather and outer space and
can go on and on for hours about it.
Rainstar
the Tabby Cat
When you make your characters, you must draw pictures of them:
(1) What your characters look like
(2) Where they live
(3) Their hobbies and what they like to do
(4) Their personality
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Idea and Concept
Appeal
Presentation
Overall Comments
not bad (1 point) good (2 points) excellent (3 points)
172 Lesson 7
A Listen and choose what the boy is going to buy.
B Listen and answer the questions.
1. What are the speakers talking about?
How to distinguish good quality products from bad ones
The advantages and disadvantages of commercial advertising
The difference between character merchandising and celebrity marketing
2. Complete the summary.
While character merchandising uses in advertising,
celebrity marketing uses .
Make a story by choosing the correct sentence for each blank. Next, act it out with your
partner.
C
I prefer riding a cup to riding a boat! Cozy and nice!
It’s not here as well!
Where could the cup be?
I wonder if you remember the cup my grandfather gave me long time ago.
I cannot find it anywhere!
size: 7 size: 8 size: 8
More Than Just Kitties and Penguins 173
D Read and answer the questions.
1. Find the best place for the given sentence.
The mouse had become a national fad by the end of 1930, and soon Disney’s real genius
kicked in: marketing.
Short Mickey Mouse cartoons were a hit with moviegoers of all ages, and new
films of Mickey and his friends were churned out by Disney and his artists at a rate
of about one per month. He introduced a line of Mickey merchandise such as toys,
lunch boxes, watches, etc. Within two years, the Mickey Mouse Club, a fan club
for children, was up and running. By 1935, Mickey Mouse and his friends had
become a merchandising phenomenon.
2. Which is true about Pucca?
In Korea, the best-known characters are Pucca, created in 2000, and Pororo,
the star of an animation series first broadcast in 2003. In fact, Pucca is more
popular overseas than in Korea. Her image as a confident Asian girl who bosses her
boyfriend around has won fans in 150 countries. The popularity of Pucca is such
that Hollywood stars such as Gwyneth Paltrow attended Pucca’s launch party in the
U.S. Moreover, Pucca was identified as the favorite character among kids in South
America, beating even Mickey Mouse and Hello Kitty.
She was created earlier than Pororo.
She has an image of a shy girl.
She was made after Gwyneth Paltrow.
She beat out Hello Kitty in France.
Write about your favorite character. Include the three elements below. (40-60 words)
 The name of the character
 A brief explanation about the character
 Reasons you chose the character
E
Search for other examples of future technologies in movies and talk about them with
your classmates.
174 Culture Time
The Myth of The Great Bear
Future Technologies in the Movies
In Mission Impossible 4, the agent wears
electromagnetic gloves while climbing up the Burj
Khalifa, the tallest building in the world. That “blue
is glue and red is dead” device is actually available
in the real world. Researchers have developed a
special cloth that has similar characteristics of
gecko’s feet, enabling the wearer to climb walls.
1 Electromagnetic Gloves
In the Minority Report, the agent does not have
to use a mere mouse and keyboard to operate his
computer; in this future, the gloved user moves in a
dance-like way before a half circle of huge screens,
moving and manipulating windows, icons and
images with his motions.
2 Motion Recognition Computer
The great bear is a constellation visible throughout the year in
most of the north of the earth. It has significant mythologies in
numerous world cultures.
In Greek mythology, Zeus falls in love with a young woman named
Callisto. Hera, Zeus’ jealous wife, transforms the beautiful Callisto
into a bear. Callisto, while in bear form, later encounters her son
Arcas. Arcas almost shoots the bear, but to avoid the tragedy, Zeus
turns them both into bears and puts them in the sky, forming the
great bear and the little bear.
In South Korea, “The Big Dipper”, the part of the great bear, is referred to as “the seven stars
of the north”. In the related myth, a widow with seven sons found comfort with a widower. But to
get to his house required crossing a stream. Her seven sons, worried about their mother, placed
stepping stones in the stream. Their mother, not knowing who put the stones in place, blessed
them. Later, when the sons died, they became the constellation.
Search for other famous characters and talk about them with your classmates.
Culture Time 175
Tintin is a fictional character in The
Adventures of Tintin, the series of classic
Belgian comic books written and illustrated
by Hergé. Tintin is the main character of the
series, a reporter and adventurer who travels
around the world with his dog Snowy.
Tintin
Asterix is the main character of a
series of French comic books named
The Adventures of Asterix, written by René Goscinny
and illustrated by Albert Uderzo. The series follows the
adventures of Asterix in his village in Gaul, around the
time of the Roman Empire. The series first appeared in
a French magazine in 1959. As of 2009, 34 comic books
in the series have been released.
Asterix
Wallace
and Gromit are the main
characters of several British animated short films. Wallace
calls himself a genius and inventor who creates machines, but
often they do not work as intended.
Gromit is Wallace’s pet dog and is generally smarter than
Wallace. He graduated from “Dogwarts University” with
a degree in Engineering for Dogs.
Wallace and Gromit
Famous Characters
Speaking & Writing Test 2
176 Speaking & Writing Test 2
Speaking
A. Suppose you are launching a new product and want to promote it using a famous actor or
actress. You will hear four questions. You should answer with one or two full sentences. You
will be given 20 seconds to answer each question. Now, let’s begin.
B. You will see six pictures and tell a story based on the pictures. You have one minute to
prepare your answer and one minute to answer. Now let’s begin.
A
C
E
B
D
F
S.N. University
Speaking & Writing Test 2 177
C. You will hear an argument about single-sex education and coeducation. You will have one
minute to think about your opinion and its reasons and one minute to answer. Now, let’s
begin.
D. You will see a graph showing the favorite programs at the school festival that Sophia’s class
chose. Explain the contents of the following graph in your own words. You will have one
minute to think about your presentation. Now, let’s begin.
Costume Ball
42%
35%
28%
Favorite School Festival Programs
The Haunted House
Group Dance Project
178 Speaking & Writing Test 2
Writing
A. Describe the following pictures of and , and then write a possible conclusion that could
be shown in the space . (40-50 words)
B. Write about your favorite celebrity and include the following details: (60-80 words)
 The name of the celebrity
 A brief explanation about the celebrity
 Reasons you chose this celebrity
1 2 3
Speaking & Writing Test 2 179
C. The chart shows the advantages and disadvantages of augmented reality. Choose a position
and write a short essay about it with an introduction, body and conclusion. Refer to the
information below and add one more reason to the body. (80-120 words)
Advantage Disadvantage
Introduction
1. People can access the latest information
and services.
2. The brand can be advertised effectively
by attracting the consumers in a
dynamic way.
3.
Conclusion
Introduction
1. The performance speed of AR is too
slow to be practical to the general
public.
2. Content may be narrow to satisfy
users’ interests or tastes.
3.
Conclusion
<Lesson 8>
What Makes You Beautiful - One Direction
You’re insecure 
Don’t know what for 
You’re turning heads when you walk through the door 
Don’t need make-up 
To cover up 
Being the way that you are is enough 
Everyone else in the room can see it 
Everyone else but you 
Baby you light up my world like nobody else 
The way that you flip your hair gets me overwhelmed 
But when you smile at the ground it ain’t hard to tell 
You don’t know (Oh oh)
You don’t know you’re beautiful 
If only you saw what I can see 
You’ll understand why I want you so desperately 
Right now I’m looking at you and I can’t believe 
You don’t know (Oh oh)
You don’t know you’re beautiful (Oh oh)
That’s what makes you beautiful
So c-come on 
You got it wrong 
To prove I’m right 
I put it in a song 
I don’t know why 
You’re being shy 
And turn away when I look into your eyes 
[ Verse 1]
[ Verse 2]
Graded Supplements
Listening Script
Answers
Words & Phrases
Basic Words
Sources
182
196
211
227
232
244
Appendix High School English II
Graded Supplements Lesson 1 182 Appendix
ACROSS
4. As s of the long hours
together, the books I have read are
part of my life.
5. Generous teachers, passionate
booksellers, friends for whom giving
a book was a supreme act of
and trust, helped me build it.
6. Every time I would ask myself how it
had happened, this of paper
and ink would cover my walls like ivy.
8. In Paris and in London, in the
heat of Tahiti, in Toronto and in Calgary,
I collected books.
9. My library is a sort of multilayered
, each book holding the
moment in which I opened it for the
first time.
DOWN
1. I left my books behind when I set off
for Europe in 1969, some time before
the military .
2. I will then be forced to to the
garden.
3. Argentine plumbers found an
call for their services, since many
readers tried to burn their books in
their toilet bowls, causing the bowl to
crack.
7. The scribbles on the margins, the
occasional date on the blank page,
and the bus ticket marking a
page, they all try to remind me of who
I was then.
Up Fill out the crossword puzzle using the vocabulary in the text. Boost
1
2 3 4
5
6
7
8
9
Graded Supplements 183
Read the passage and answer the questions below.
Room to Read
The residents of Shaoliya, in India, used to spend their evenings playing cards, but
recently a new activity had become popular in the community-reading.
In 2008, Room to Read established a library at the local primary school, but found
that triggering parents in their children’s reading habits was a difficult task. “We had a hard time
explaining the benefits of a library to the parents,” says the library facilitator.
Then one day, Sita Kimari-a resident of Shaoliya who was educated only up to fifth grade-
decided to check out the school’s new facilities. “I was attracted by the large illustrations, even
though I couldn’t read the books,” she says. “As a child, my father forbade me from reading and
wanted me to help him in the fields instead, but there was something welcoming about the library.”
Sita began to make regular visits to the school library. The staff helped her to overcome her fear
of reading, and she can now read some books aloud with confidence.
After she had experienced the value of the library, Sita helped Room
to Read attract the rest of the community. Some villagers, she said,
saw school as a place for children only, which kept them from using
the library. In an effort to remove that prejudice, Sita began to check
out a few books at a time from the school library and issue them to
friends and neighbors. She also started a reading club with other
women in the village.
Soon the large front yard of Sita’s house had turned into a reading corner-filled with adults and
children reading books. These efforts have had an immense effect on the community’s priorities.
“Each evening, I see how simple the language is,” says a neighbor. “And ideas in books are attractive
to me. Now I have stopped playing cards in my spare time,” he says. “Instead, I read books.”
List the efforts Sita has made for the villagers.
1)
2)
What is the topic for the passage?
Successful ways for girls to take education beyond the classroom
Efforts of Australian students to build a library in a village in India
How one woman’s book club in India has transformed an entire community
Importance of the ability to read and write and gender equality to change the world
1
2
Up Fly
 Sita helping children read
Lesson 2 184 Appendix
Match the word with its meaning and find the words in the puzzle. Up Boost
1. : possessing or displaying a lot of energy
2. : the activities connected with planning, organizing, and running an institution
3. : lacking firmness; unable to act or decide quickly or immediately
4. : the act of opposing something that you do not approve or disagree with
5. : saying something firmly and refusing to accept any opposition or excuses
6. : a feeling of doubt about a plan or an idea
7. : in a state of being upset or disappointed
8. : not important in a particular situation
M C U Y X N O H E S I T A N T B
P D O D Z I O Z C X A Z U R P R
N M N O I T A R T S I N I M D A
Q A D J H S T E W I G L G E N Q
S D H K T E G J R E F W I R O E
I D G D W G E R L A J K Y K I N
R S F H R W E K U A R H F W T E
Z Q E T H L S F W N T B M H A R
L W G F E H U T E S T I G I V G
F A H V N H E R I T H L V Y R E
E Q A H R N K L T F D W E J E T
H N O P P O S I T I O N T D S I
T W X Y A V C H G S P Q S B E C
V W M Z R U C D E P K J H T R E
B G E I N S I S T E N C E F E H
Word Bank
energetic reservation disgruntled insistence
administration opposition irrelevant hesitant
Graded Supplements 185
Read the passage and answer the questions below.
Selective Emotion for Animals
Imagine you are at a dinner party. You and your friends are enjoying a delicious soup. But when
one of your friends asks for the recipe, the host explains it starts with a cute pet dog. How would
you react to his statement? Can you continue enjoying the food? People generally feel disgust or
sympathy for the pet. But why? Why can you eat cows, pigs or chickens as food but not pet dogs
or pet cats? How can people love their pets and express kindness to them, but not any emotional
interest in the slaughtering of cows, pigs and chickens for their eating pleasure?
Melanie Joy, a psychologist, says one reason is we have grown up in such a culture. She says we
have selective emotions, feeling for some animals but not others, based
on what we have learned since a child. Another reason is most of the
billions of animals we eat each year are hidden from sight and we are
denied access to the slaughtering of them. So we are not sensitive to the
lives of farmed animals.
Like humans, they fully experience pain and suffering as well as
happiness and joy. Farmed animals are essentially no different from
our pets-each one is an individual with a desire to live without pain
and to express his own nature. Responsible guidelines should be in
place to minimize pain and promote treatment of all food animals with
sympathy.
What is the main idea of the above passage?
We should ban eating animals.
We should develop recipes that use different kinds of meat.
We should put stricter guidelines on slaughtering food animals.
We should have an unbiased opinion of people who eat dog or cat meat.
1
Describe two reasons that cows, pigs and chickens are discriminated against.
2
Up Fly
Lesson 3 186 Appendix
Fill out the crossword puzzle using the vocabulary in the text.
ACROSS
2. He d the minute detail of his
earlier paintings with a grid of tiles
painted with colorful circular or oval
shapes.
5. Close draws and horizontal
lines on the photo as well as on the
canvas.
6. His art has more to do with coping
with the demanding process of
painting than showing the beauty of
the .
9. Another thing about Close’s
work is the scale.
DOWN
1. The misfortune of Close’s disability was
simply a challenge to and
expand a new frontier in painting.
3. His work is a detailed description of the
individual that s him as he is.
4. Close’s career was going well up until
1988 when he suddenly became
d from the neck down.
7. The challenges faced in the process of
painting have more meaning for Close
than the effect of the final
image.
8. After years of physical , he was
able to move his arms to some degree.
Up Boost
1
2 3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Graded Supplements 187
Read the passage and answer the questions below.
Arts on City Streets
Most people tend to think of graffiti as damaging art painted in the dead of night on urban
walls. Some artists, however, including Edgar Mueller, Julian Beever and Kurt Wenner, reject that
typical attitude, painting and chalking openly on city streets. Beyond merely entertaining crowds,
their work has at times even broken world records.
Edgar Mueller (1968- ) is a world famous street painter, perhaps best
known for the work: The Riverstreet River. At nearly 1,000 square feet,
this graffiti took up an entire city block. His other works often exhibit
realistic qualities and take on themes in the Renaissance.
Julian Beever (1959- ) is a chalk artist whose work
has appeared all across Europe. He skillfully plays up
his illusions in a variety of ways, from interacting with
the finished piece to making his street art’s evolution
part of the work itself. Clearly, his artworks are as much intended
to entertain himself as it is to impress the crowds that gather
around them. His other street graffiti includes master artworks
and portraits.
Kurt Wenner’s (1971- ) amazingly detailed street artworks are
somehow less tame than Mueller’s work, and far less playful than
the art of Beever. Wenner is also a building designer in the U.S.
and Europe, fascinated with classical ornament tied to myths as well as literature
and theater.
Which is NOT true about the graffiti artists mentioned above.
Edgar Mueller’s best known artwork is The Riverstreet River.
Julian Beever enjoys interacting with the finished piece.
It is Kurt Wenner who takes on themes of the Renaissance for his works.
2
Up Fly
What is the topic of the passage?
A brief introduction of some famous graffiti artists
Graffiti artists whose works take on themes in myth
The negative impact of graffiti upon the urban art world
1
 Wheel of Fortune
by Julian Beever
 Spiderman
by Kurt Wenner
 The Riverstreet River
by Edgar Mueller
Lesson 4 188 Appendix
Match the word with its meaning and find the words in the puzzle. Up Boost
J C U H N X S C R S C C E Z L
Y K I X B U Y E A I P T A P A
M E O R R R T O P R Q P Q H I
J J P F C T J O A B E Z K L S
S O A Z I U C Z U E N Q F E R
J C I L W S L E C D T K D D E
E D X C O A K A P Y A I E E V
P H U R G T Y S T C N V A Q O
Y O C O I I E J B E G Z A P R
V I O S J N Z L I B L Y N P T
M T N E R R U C T Z E F R N N
H B D P B H C S Q B V V X L O
P E V R A Z X P I Y U G V U C
L N B K D G V K A Y X S Y R K
E N C O U N T E R H Q X Y I Y
1. : to meet somebody or discover or experience something
2. : not easy to notice
3. : the outside or top layer of something
4. : extremely small and difficult or impossible to see without a microscope
5. : pieces of wood, metal, bricks, etc. that are left after something has been
destroyed
6. : small pieces of garbage that is left lying around outside
7. : to move continuously around a place or system
8. : the movement of water in the sea or a river
9. : to make something become caught
10. : causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement
Word Bank
controversial entangle subtle litter
microscopic circulate encounter debris
current surface
Graded Supplements 189
Read the passage and answer the questions below. Up Fly
Glass Beach
Glass Beach is a unique beach, not because nature made
it that way, but because time and the pounding waves have
corrected one of man’s mistakes.
In the early 20th century, Fort Bragg residents threw their
household garbage over the cliffs above what is now Glass
Beach. It is hard to imagine this happening today, but back
then people dumped all kinds of refuse straight into the
ocean, including old cars, and their household garbage, which
of course included lots of glass.
Beginning in 1949, the area around Glass Beach became a public dump, and locals referred to
it as “The Dumps”. Sometimes fires were lit to reduce the size of the trash pile. By the early sixties,
however, some attempts were made to control what was dumped, and dumping of any toxic items
was banned. Finally in 1967, the city leaders closed the area. Various
clean-up programs were undertaken through the years to correct the
damage.
Over the next several decades, Mother Nature has turned this
beach back. The pounding waves cleaned the beach, wearing down
the abandoned glass into the small, smooth, colored pieces that cover
the beach today. You will still see the occasional reminder of its earlier
life, but for the most part what you will see is millions of pieces of glass
shining in the sun.
What is NOT true about Glass Beach?
In the early 20th century, people dumped their garbage into what is now Glass Beach.
Until 1967, no attempts were made to control what was dumped.
It was Mother Nature that has turned the beach back.
You can see millions of pieces of glass on Glass Beach now.
1
Fill in the blanks.
From , the area around Glass Beach became a public dump.
By , some attempts were made to control what was dumped.
In , the city leaders closed the area.
2
 Glass Beach in California
 Pieces of glass on Glass Beach
Lesson 5 190 Appendix
Fill out the crossword puzzle using the vocabulary in the text.
ACROSS
2. Every culture makes stories about the
creation of the world and the
of humankind.
4. Societies can be on opposite ends of
the globe from one another, yet some
of their stories and s inevitably
make use of the same symbols, themes
and motifs.
7. The Japanese god Izanagi and his wife
Izanami stood on the Floating Bridge of
Heaven and stirred the ocean with a
jewelled until the water thickened,
forming the first island, Onokoro.
8. In an ancient Hindu myth, at the
beginning of the cycle of creation, a
number of vital s, including
the potion for immortality, could not
be found, so the gods decided to stir
the ocean, using Mount Mandara.
DOWN
1. Writing on a block of stone found on
Elephantine records how prayers to
Khnum brought to an end a seven-year
.
3. According to the ancient Greeks, the
first to be born from was Gaia,
the earth.
5. In some of the earliest myths, it is from
the sea that the world s.
6. One of the most interesting facts about
myths is that ones from a of
cultures often share similar themes
and characteristics.
9. The earliest flood story is found in the
Mesopotamian of Gilgamesh,
in which a hero frees birds to see if the
waters are receding.
Up Boost
1
2
3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Graded Supplements 191
Read the passage and answer the questions below. Up Fly
Animals in Mythology
No creature represents immortal life more than the phoenix, a
bird that appears in mythology and is known for its beauty as well as
for its immortality. The legend of the phoenix appears in a variety of
ancient mythologies, including Greek, Egyptian and Indian. In most
mythologies, the phoenix is associated with the rising of the sun and
has a close relationship with the sun god, Ra. Another feature of the
phoenix is that only one can exist at a time. When it senses that its life
is coming to an end-about once every thousand years-the phoenix
allows itself to be consumed by the flames. Then, as the old phoenix is
reduced to ashes, a new one rises to begin its life on Earth.
Another well-known animal that appears in the mythology
is the Hydra. A beast with many heads, the Hydra had blood
and breath that is like poison. The Hydra is mentioned in Greek
literature very often, but it is most well-known for having been
killed by the hero Hercules. As the legend goes, it was impossible
to win a battle with the Hydra because cutting off one of its heads
meant that two more would grow back in its place. Then the hero
Hercules came along and figured out a strategy for winning a
fight with the Hydra. After cutting off one of the beasts’ heads, he
quickly burned the remaining part so a new one could not grow
back again.
1 Write the main topic of the passage above.
Which is NOT true about phoenix?
Only one phoenix can exist at a time.
The phoenix is known for its immortality.
A new phoenix comes down from the heaven and burns the old one.
The phoenix can be found in the Greek, Egyptian and Indian mythology.
2
 Hydra
 Phoenix
Lesson 6 192 Appendix
Match the word with its meaning and find the words in the puzzle. Up Boost
O D U N B W E C C F T R O A B
X U U Q O N C O I N W E Y X B
K F T W D I M S E G N P C O A
R M Z Z D P T M G K W L H O I
Z V T R A S G A O S O A M H V
I R K S U U V C V T S C H A V
T P S G A O E V L O S E R Y H
U R B C C T U R Q S N M C H C
Q Z D Q Y I E L Y Y E N L C Z
Y E Y L V U V N K B I M I T A
D V G H C Q C G H X O B V P M
K A M V V I R T U A L M P O M
X G N K N B Q A F G N E N D P
R M I K U U T U K V U C P A K
Z C I J X G J A X O W Q E U W
1. : to increase the amount, value, size, etc. of something
2. : a new idea, way of doing something that has been discovered
3. : made to appear to exist by the use of computer software
4. : to increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of somebody
or something
5. : to start to use a particular method
6. : to be used instead of something or somebody else
7. : a way of entering or reaching a place
8. : an instrument for finding direction
9. : seeming to be everywhere at the same time
10. : to find an acceptable solution to a problem
Word Bank
replace adopt ubiquitous access
innovation augment virtual enhance
compass resolve
Graded Supplements 193
Read the passage and answer the questions below. Up Fly
Project Glass: What You Need to Know
If you walk into a coffee shop and see someone
with a pair of glasses that look like they belong in Star
Trek, don’t worry. They are most likely wearing a pair
of augmented reality glasses called “Project Glass”.
The purpose of these glasses is to provide users
with a device that keeps your hands free at all times.
Similar to smartphones, the glasses display real-time
information, like weather and transit information. The
information that is directly relevant to your surroundings appears in front of you whenever you
need it. For example, your glasses might tell you where the nearest nice restaurant is, book your
table, invite your friends and show you how to get there, or they might provide the information
related to your work when you are at your desk.
Project Glass will include a small screen to put information in front of your eyes and will have
GPS, either 3G or 4G data connections and devices that sense motions. There is also a camera and
a flash. You can click on information by bending your head, something that is apparently quite easy
to master. Project Glass will also use voice input and output.
Project Glass is a technology with enormous potential. It could even end up in contact lenses: a
tiny contact lens that has electronics can display projected images to a person’s eye.
Which is NOT mentioned about Project Glass?
It does not require using your hands.
It displays real-time information.
It has the ability to sense motion.
It can be worn on top of the user’s glasses.
1
According to the passage, to what can Project Glass be applied?
2
 A woman wearing Project Glass
Lesson 7 194 Appendix
Fill out the crossword puzzle using the vocabulary in the text.
ACROSS
4. In the midst of all this, the country was
looking for signs of , recovery
and future prosperity.
6. By 1935, Mickey Mouse and his friends
had become a merchandising .
7. Although not that strong today, they
still make up about 40 percent of
the company’s consumer products
.
8. The popularity of Pucca is such that
Hollywood stars such as Gwyneth
Paltrow attended Pucca’s
party in the U.S.
DOWN
1. “Character merchandising” is the use
of characters to promote the
sale of a product.
2. Have you ever d products
bearing images of well-known
characters crowded onto market
shelves?
3. Under a contract with Universal
Studios, Disney had no to the
rights to use Oswald, so in 1928 he had
to come up with a new character.
5. When the cartoon Pororo hit television
screens in France in 2004, the
penguin was welcomed with a record-high
47 percent audience share.
Up Boost
1 2
3
4
5
6
7 8
Graded Supplements 195
Read the passage and answer the questions below.
The Birth of Animation
Today, animation is seen as an ideal way of giving expression to ideas, through image to image
sequences. However, we owe a lot to the leaders who made possible the birth of animated
cartoons.
One of them is the German, Athanasius Kircher, who first attempted to project
drawings in motion, on a screen, and invented the Magic Lamp in 1640. The Magic
Lamp was very basic but effective; it consisted of several layers of moving glass slides,
with images drawn on them which, when manipulated
mechanically, gave movement to the characters.
In 1826, John Paris invented a disk with a different image on each
side; one of them, the image of a bird and the other, the image of a cage.
The disk was suspended between two strings which were twisted in such
a way that when they were pulled tight, they made the disk turn at high
speed, creating the illusion that the bird was inside the cage.
In 1832, Joseph Plateau invented a device that consisted of a series of drawings
in continuous steps of motion on a disk that turned independently of another disk
that had holes cut in it; looking through them caused the figures painted on the
disk behind it to seem to move.
In 1878, Emile Reynaud invented a device consisting of a system of mirrors, which
enabled a huge number of people to watch them at once.
In 1891, Thomas Edison created a device which is considered to be the first
cinema machine. It consisted of a box through which a roll of photos were passed,
at a rate of 46 images per second, and lit by a lamp; the viewer could see the show
through a hole.
What is the best title of the passage?
History of Animated Cartoons
Animation Gets Color at Last
Animation Beats the Motion Pictures
1
Write the name of inventor of the device that fits the explanation.
1) : It consisted of several layers of moving glass slides, with images
drawn on them.
2) : It was a disk with a different image on each side.
3) : It is considered to be the first cinema machine.
2
Up Fly
196 Appendix
Lesson 1
Listen pp. 12-13
Get Started
1.
B: Why do you look so upset?
G: I borrowed a book from the library for my
project, but some of the pages I needed to read
were torn out!
B: What? Who on earth would do such a thing?
G: I don’t know either. But it’s really annoying.
2.
B: I am looking for the best seller, Sophie’s World.
Could you help me find it?
W: Oh, our bookstore has a computer program to
look for books. Haven’t you heard about it?
B: No, I haven’t. Would you please show me how to
use it?
W: Sure.
A.
B: What’s wrong, Karen?
G: I can’t stand my sister anymore. She is driving me
crazy!
B: You mean Melissa?
G: Yeah. Her hobby is collecting teddy bears, but
she doesn’t keep her collection organized. She
leaves them everywhere around our room.
B: That must be annoying.
G: That’s not the main reason. If I put them away,
she gets mad.
B.
G: I want to read many books and be a good reader.
But I don’t know what to do first.
B: How about joining a book club?
G: A book club? That’s not a bad idea. Do you know
of a book club I can join?
B: Actually I’m a member of a book club, The
Bookworm Society. If you’re interested, you can
come with me. I can show you how to join a club.
G: What do you usually do there?
B: We read a selected book every two weeks and
discuss it. We also recommend good books to
each other.
G: That sounds great. Take me when you go next
time.
C.
G: Jason, I don’t know how to get rid of my old
books. Do you have any idea?
B: Well, if they are in good condition, you can
donate them to the Book of Miracles.
G: Book of Miracles? What is that?
B: It’s a project begun by SNS users. They receive
donations of books and then send them to
people.
G: Wow, that sounds great! How can I participate in
the project?
B: You can send your books to a “book station”.
Then, the volunteers divide the books into groups
and send them to people who need them.
G: Do you know the location of the nearest one?
B: If you visit one of the volunteers’ SNS, you will
know.
D.
G: Ted! Long time no see!
B: Good to see you too, Bomi.
G: I heard you moved to the countryside. How are
you doing in your new place?
B: I like everything about it, except that there’s no
public library. It’s a bit annoying.
G: It must be. But I heard some areas offer a “county
bookmobile service”.
Listening Script
Listening Script 197
B: What is a “county bookmobile service”?
G: It’s a moving library. It goes to schools, daycares,
and other places where there are no libraries
nearby.
B: That’s great! Do you know where I can find
information about it?
G: Call and ask the community center.
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 16
W: We often don’t think of celebrities as being smart
or intelligent, but there are many celebrities
who love reading. Here are some celebrities
who are seriously into books and love to read.
Madonna is one of them. This famous singer is
more than just hit songs and shocking clothes.
Besides her musical and acting career, Madonna
is a passionate reader and a writer. She even
has published several children’s books. Another
celebrity bookworm is Robert Pattinson, the
handsome vampire in the movie Twilight. He is a
big fan of reading and he has read the books that
his movies are based on several times. He says
reading the books helps him better understand
the characters.
Review p. 30
A.
W: May I help you?
B: Yes, I’m really annoyed with this laptop computer.
I had it repaired here a few days ago, but it’s still
not working properly.
W: What’s the matter with it?
B: The keys still stick. And now, every time I turn
it on, the picture on the screen moves up and
down. It’s been doing that since I got it fixed
here. It’s really annoying.
W: I apologize for the trouble. We’ll try to fix it
again.
B.
G: Oh, this is really annoying. I’ve tried folding this
paper bird several times but I still can’t make it.
B: What are you making?
G: Twin birds. They are connected to each other by
their wings.
B: That sounds difficult to make.
G: It really is. I think I followed the instructions
correctly, but I can’t move on to step 11.
B: Some paper folding can be very difficult. Don’t
worry. I can help you.
G: You mean you know how to make this?
B: I haven’t tried twin birds, but I’ve done paper
folding since I was a kid. Let me look at the book.
Lesson 2
Listen pp. 34-35
Get Started
1.
G: How do you feel about Ms. Johnson’s English
class?
B: It seems to me that she spends too much time on
memorizing words. I hope she focuses on more
speaking.
G: In my opinion, vocabulary is important. It helps
reading and writing as well as speaking.
2.
M: What do you think of this restaurant?
W: I like the restaurant because the food is delicious
and the service is good.
M: But I’m not satisfied with the price of food. It’s
too expensive.
Listening Script
198 Appendix
A.
G: I think I should go on a diet. Some of my clothes
don’t fit me anymore.
M: Are you kidding me? You look good just the way
you are now.
G: No, Dad. I don’t. I’m considering eating only
grapes for breakfast and lunch, and not eating
dinner.
M: Wow, it seems to me your idea is the fastest way
to ruin your health.
G: But I want to lose weight as soon as possible.
M: As far as I’m concerned, a one food diet will
cause a yo-yo effect afterwards. You should eat
more protein and less fat.
G: Okay, I’ll not skip dinner and eat a balanced diet.
Could you help me plan a diet?
M: Sure!
B.
G: Jihun, have you heard the news that energy
drinks will be banned from the school cafeteria?
B: Yes. I’m not happy with that at all. I need energy
drinks during the exam week-they help me stay
awake.
G: Yeah, I know. But that’s because of the caffeine.
It’s reported that one drink equals the caffeine in
ten cups of coffee.
B: That much? I didn’t know they had so much
caffeine.
G: And students sometimes drink too much. It must
harm our health.
B: Maybe I should cut down on drinking them.
G: Good idea. I suggest you get enough sleep
instead.
C.
W: Come on, Suho. Let’s have this chicken together.
B: Mom, I don’t feel like eating this.
W: Why? Fried chicken is your favorite, isn’t it?
B: It was.
W: It was? What do you mean?
B: Is this Co-Co the hen I took care of for three
months?
W: Yes. Is there something wrong?
B: I can’t eat Co-Co. She was my best friend. I fed
her and cleaned her cage every day. It seems to
me eating this is killing her twice.
W: You’re being silly. Hens are raised for food. That’s
the primary purpose of their existence.
B: Maybe you’re right, but I don’t think I can eat
chicken for a while.
D.
B: Today our class discussed where we should go
for the class field trip, but it was hard to reach
an agreement. Jina insisted that we should go
to a museum because we can see the splendid
Egyptian collection. But Mike said that it would
be better to go camping and have a barbecue.
On the other hand, Jake suggested that we visit
a farm. He said that we will be able to learn how
to cooperate by milking the cow and making
cheese together. Our class was happy with Jake’s
idea because it seemed really interesting. So we
decided to go to a farm. We can’t wait!
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 38
M: Keeping pets is becoming more and more
popular because pets offer many advantages.
First, a pet can be our friend. When you are tired
after work, pets encourage you to go out for a
walk to reduce stress. Pets never make you feel
lonely, even when you are alone. Secondly, pets
guard houses. In many cases, people choose to
keep dogs for home security reasons. The houses
will be safer because strangers will be scared of
the animals inside. Lastly, pets encourage good
behavior among children. Researchers showed
Listening Script
Listening Script 199
that children who usually play with pets behave
nicely and become more caring. To sum up,
keeping pets increases relaxation, and is a source
of amusement. Moreover, keeping pets not only
protects your home but also satisfies some basic
human emotional needs.
Review p. 54
A.
G: Hi, Harry! I’m doing a survey to look for ways to
improve the school lunch menu. Do you have any
ideas?
B: Sure. It seems to me there should be more salads.
G: Okay. Don’t you want more meat?
B: No. Actually, I think meat is not healthy.
G: Well, that is true only when we eat too much.
Anything else?
B: I’m not satisfied with the fruit. I think we need a
larger variety of fruit.
G: That would be great. I’ll write that down.
B: I hope your efforts will bring about good results.
Keep at it.
B.
B: You know, according to research, about 32% of
Americans are overweight.
G: Yeah, I’ve heard that. That’s because people eat
too much fast food.
B: That’s true, but I myself go to a fast food
restaurant at least twice a week.
G: John, that’s not good for your health!
B: I know, but it’s not easy to resist fast food. I’m
satisfied with the taste of it and it’s cheap and
convenient.
Lesson 3
Listen pp. 60-61
Get Started
1.
B: How do you find the cartoon drawing class you’re
taking now?
G: It’s great. I love the teacher.
B: That’s good to know. I think I’ll sign up for the
class.
2.
G: Did you finish your report on your future job?
B: No, I didn’t. I don’t know which job to write
about yet.
G: Well, since you are into fashion, I suggest that
you write about being a fashion designer.
B: That’s a good idea. Thank you.
A.
M: May I help you?
G: Yes. I’m looking for a book on how to draw
portraits.
M: In that case, I recommend this book. It contains
various portraits you can practice copying.
G: Interesting. Let me look through it.
M: How do you find it?
G: Well, this is not really the book that I’m looking
for. I need a book for beginners.
M: Oh, I see. Then, I’ll show you a book with detailed
steps for beginners.
G: Thank you.
B.
W: Hey, Ted. Can you come here and help me?
M: Sure. What do you need help with?
W: I’m planning on going on a one day tour of Paris.
Listening Script
200 Appendix
But I don’t know which tour to choose from this
tour site.
M: Well, I suggest that you choose the museum tour.
You can look around some museums in Paris in a
day.
W: Sounds interesting! Have you done it before?
M: Yes. The Louvre and Orsay museums were great.
I saw plenty of amazing artworks.
W: Wow. That sounds perfect for me.
C.
W: Attention, students! The Minguk High School
Art Competition will begin in September and
last until December. I suggest that every Minguk
High School student enter the competition.
Work can be a painting, film, photograph or any
kind of artwork, as long as it is yours. We’ll post
monthly themes on the school website, and you
can enter as often as you like. But remember your
entries should match the theme of the month.
Each month, one entry will be selected. Monthly
winners will be announced via email and given a
gift card. In December, one final winner will be
selected and given a scholarship. All work must
be submitted using the official entry form. You
can download it from the website. Thank you.
D.
B: Mom, I’m making a schedule for my summer
vacation. Would you take a look at it?
W: Sure. “Get up at six, go to the gym at seven,
exercise for an hour, and then go to the library at
eight.” Wow! You will have busy mornings.
B: Mom, you always tell me the early bird catches
the worm.
W: Oh, I’m happy to hear that you’d like to be an
early bird. Well, you will stay at the library until
2 p.m. and play basketball or soccer from 4 to 5.
What are you going to do between 2 and 4?
B: I’m thinking of taking a photography class with
you, Mom. How do you find the class you’re
taking now?
W: I like it a lot, and it would be great if we have the
same hobby.
B: Great. I’ll take the class with you. By the way, can
I use Dad’s camera?
W: Well, you know it’s an expensive one. I suggest
you ask him nicely.
B: I agree.
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 64
W: Today we are talking about the greatest art
museums in the world. Let me begin with the
Orsay Museum in Paris. It exhibits 19th and
20th century works of art. The museum displays
a striking collection of Impressionist art,
including famous paintings by Monet, Manet,
Renoir, Van Gogh and Degas. You can enjoy
Millet’s The Gleaners here. There is also a famous
museum in New York City, the Guggenheim
Museum. It is the home to a famous collection of
Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, early modern
and contemporary art. You can see Kandinsky’s
Composition here. Another well-known museum
is Tate Modern in London. Tate Modern displays
the collection of modern and contemporary art.
This museum has significant collections of pop
art, including major works by Lichtenstein and
Warhol. You can see Marilyn Diptych by Warhol
here.
Review p. 78
A.
G: Jamie, I heard you’re taking an art class. How do
you find it?
B: It’s fun, but I don’t have any good ideas for my art
project.
G: The other day I read a news article about artists
Listening Script
Listening Script 201
using garbage. Maybe you could do something
like that.
B: What do you mean by using garbage?
G: The artists used empty cans and plastic bottles to
make artworks.
B: Good idea. So, I’ll need a lot of old cans and
bottles, right?
G: Yeah, let me get the ones at my house before my
dad throws them away.
B: Okay, why don’t we meet back here in an hour?
Thank you for helping me out.
G: No problem. See you then.
B.
G: What are you searching for on the Internet?
B: A nice painting. My grandfather’s 70th birthday
is next week, so I’m making a card for him. I’d
like to put a copy of a nice painting on it.
G: Then I suggest a painting by Kim Hong-do. I’ll
show it to you. Take a look at this.
B: Well, it’s just a common painting of a cat looking
at a butterfly.
G: Actually, it has some deep meanings. The cat
means an old person and the rocks covered with
moss mean longevity.
B: Really? It’s interesting that each item has
meaning. So what do these red flowers mean?
G: They mean youth and celebration.
B: Perfect. I’ll print it out and paste it on my card.
Thank you.
Lesson 4
Listen pp. 82-83
Get Started
1.
B: Jiyun, I’d like to say something about our group
project.
G: Oh, what is it?
B: We have to change our topic. It’s too difficult to
write about air pollution.
G: I agree. Let’s change it to something easier.
2.
W: Jinsu, can you eat all that food on your plate? It
looks like too much to finish.
B: Well, since I’m here at the buffet, I want to try a
bit of every dish.
W: If I were you, I would bring a very small amount.
Otherwise you just end up wasting a lot of food.
A.
B: Ms. Wilson, can I talk to you for a moment?
W: Sure. Come on in, Mark.
B: Thanks. Well, I’d like to say something about the
recommendation letter you wrote for me.
W: Oh, is there a problem?
B: No. But I’d like to ask you to add one of my
volunteer experiences to it.
W: Which volunteer experience do you want me to
add?
B: As a member of the Green Team, I helped clean
up the oil spill on West Beach this summer.
W: Oh, that’s right. I forgot about that. I’ll definitely
add that and rewrite your recommendation letter.
B: Thank you, Ms. Wilson.
Listening Script
202 Appendix
B.
B: Megan, I’m going to buy these grapes from Chile.
Do you want some?
G: Sure, Daeho. But if I were you, I would buy those
ones from Ansung instead.
B: Why? What’s the difference?
G: The food miles of Chilean grapes are too high.
B: Food miles are high? What does that mean?
G: Food miles are the total distance the food item
travels from producer to consumer. The longer
distance the food travels, the more greenhouse
gases such as CO₂ are produced.
B: Aha! You mean more food miles mean more CO₂.
G: You got it. It’s eco-friendly to buy food from
nearby.
C.
G: Attention, students. I’m the student council
president, Jane Williams. I’d like to say something
about the School Recycling Challenge, which will
be held this month by the Can Manufacturers
Institute. The school that recycles the most
aluminum cans will be the “Green Protector”
and win $5,000. As we thought that it would be a
good opportunity to encourage you to recycle, we
have decided to participate in the competition.
I hope many of you will help our school win the
competition. Remember all you have to do is
throw your empty aluminum cans into the box
in front of the school cafeteria by the end of next
week. Thank you.
D.
G: Mr. Watson, I’d like to say something about the
environmental design contest next month.
M: Oh, you’re going to participate in the contest?
G: Yeah. Could you take a look at this for a moment?
It’s a candy wrapper design.
M: Wow, it looks nice. So, what do you want to talk
about?
G: It should have a short message urging people to
dispose of trash properly and not to litter. But I
can’t think of anything creative or unique.
M: Do you have anything in mind?
G: How about “Let’s Go Green”?
M: Well, it is so typical. If I were you, I would use
more powerful words.
G: Hmm. . . . Such as “Litter Makes the World
Bitter”?
M: That sounds much better. How about using it on
your wrapper?
G: Thank you so much, Mr. Watson. You helped me
come up with a better phrase.
M: You’re welcome. I wish you good luck!
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 86
M: Welcome to Green City! I’m your guide, Chris.
I’m so happy to show you how our city’s residents
recycle, reduce and reuse waste. We will start our
trip from the northeast part of the city. The first
place we will stop at is Community Warehouse,
which sells second-hand things. People bring
things that they no longer use, so they can be
sold to other people. Then we are going to have
some coffee or tea at Moonbeam’s Coffee. This
coffee shop also has lots of used books that were
donated. After having lunch, we will visit the
Savemor family home in the southwest. They
hold a garage sale twice a year to sell used things.
At the end of this trip, we will go to Ms. Miller’s
Market in the southeast. In Ms. Miller’s Market,
to reduce packaging and wasted food, the owner
Ms. Miller created a section in the store where
shoppers can buy food by measuring out the
exact amounts they need. Okay, now let’s go and
take a closer look at the Green City.
Listening Script
Listening Script 203
Write_Writing a newspaper article p. 98
M: Hello, everyone! I’m at Westlake High School
now. This is Ms. Sanders, a biology teacher at
Westlake High School. Nice to meet you, Ms.
Sanders.
W: Nice meet you, too.
M: So, your students did a great job today. Could
you tell us about it?
W: Our students donated money to Troy Children’s
Hospital today. The total amount was $63,248.
M: Wow! How did they make that much money?
W: They collected more than 5.2 tons of pop tabs
from soda cans, food cans and other containers.
M: Incredible! How will the money be used?
W: It will be used to help the sick children in the
hospital.
M: Is there something you’d like to tell your
students?
W: Students, I’m so proud of you!
M: Thank you very much, Ms. Sanders.
Review p. 100
A.
M: Amy, what are you doing now?
G: I’m brushing my teeth, Dad.
M: I know, but I’d like to know why you keep the tap
water running.
G: Oh, that’s just my bad habit. I’ll turn off the water.
M: Good. And Amy . . . I think you’d better use a cup
when you brush your teeth.
G: Alright, Dad. I will.
B.
W: Wow, you’re cleaning your room. It looks great.
B: Thanks, Mom. I’ll keep my room tidy from now.
W: You made a good resolution. By the way, what are
those bottles?
B: They’re juice bottles. And I’m going to throw
them away later.
W: I think it makes your room untidy. Is there any
special reason you’re doing that?
B: Mom, the recycling bin is out in the garden. It’s
too far to go to every time.
W: I see. So, how can we fix that problem?
B: Actually I’d like to say something about it. How
about having a small recycling bin in the house?
W: Good idea. I’ll buy one next time I go shopping.
Speaking pp. 104-105
Speaking & Writing Test 1
A. What exhibition do you suggest to watch to
your friend?
 When does the exhibition take place?
 What is the exhibition famous for?
 How do you get there?
C. You and your friend sit in a musical theater.
You two are so excited because your favorite
musical actor is performing today. Your seats are
not the best ones, but it’s not bad to have a fine
view. Your friend tells you she wants to film the
musical with her digital camera but it’s banned.
Now she is about to turn on her camera to
record. In this situation, what would you like to
say to your friend?
Listening Script
204 Appendix
Listen pp. 110-111
Lesson 5
Get Started
1.
G: I’m going to have dinner at Charlie’s Restaurant
with my family tomorrow.
B: Oh, I’ve heard about that place.
G: Have you ever been there?
B: No, but one of my friends worked part-time there
last year.
2.
M: How was your trip to Rome?
W: It was great. The architecture there fascinated
me.
M: Oh, I envy you. You’ll have to tell me more about
it.
A.
G: David, you’re not acting. You’re just reading your
lines.
B: I realize that, but I don’t know how to really show
the character’s emotions.
G: Zeus should be much angrier. Shout louder when
you throw thunder and lightning.
B: Like this?
G: Well, that’s better, but something’s still missing. I
suggest you read the book, Zeus. Have you heard
about it?
B: No, I haven’t. If you have the book, could you
lend it to me?
G: Sure. When you fully understand the storyline,
your acting will get much better.
B: You’re probably right.
B.
B: Amy, this statue is really nice.
G: Oh, it was a present from my father. He bought it
in Egypt.
B: This doesn’t look like an ordinary cat.
G: It’s not. It’s Bastet, the Egyptian god of the sun.
People believed she protected them.
B: Oh, I’ve never heard about it, but it sounds really
interesting.
G: My father told me about the history of Bastet
when I was a kid, and the story fascinated me.
Since then, I’ve been interested in Egyptian
myths.
B: Oh, I didn’t know you were interested in Egypt.
G: I am. It’s my dream to go there one day.
C.
M: Welcome to Italy. Hi, I’m Giovanni Contadino
and I’ll be with you for your entire trip. Okay,
now I’ll briefly tell you about our tour. For
three days, we have a tight schedule and we’ll
be visiting many places. Today, we’ll be looking
around the Colosseum and Trevi Fountain. They
are very famous attractions in Rome. Tomorrow,
we’ll have a tour of the Vatican City. We’re going
to visit the Catholic Church, library and museum
in the Vatican. I’m sure that the historical
heritage and artworks will fascinate you. On
the third day, you’ll have the choice of having a
free day in Rome or joining our optional tour to
Firenze. I heard that most of you have chosen the
free day in Rome-but if you change your mind,
please let me know no later than tomorrow
evening. Feel free to ask when you have any
questions. Thank you.
D.
B: Sarah, have you seen this movie? I saw it
yesterday, and it was fascinating.
Listening Script
Listening Script 205
G: Oh, I haven’t seen it yet. But I’ve heard the movie
was a big hit.
B: Yeah. Every movie the director made so far has
been successful. I think he has the Midas touch.
G: Midas touch? What does that mean?
B: Midas touch means that the ability to be
successful in making money. It’s from a Greek
myth.
G: That’s interesting! Are there other expressions
from Greek myths?
B: There are a lot. Achilles’ heel is another one.
G: Ah, I’ve heard of Achilles’ heel before.
B: An Achilles’ heel means something that seems to
be small but is actually a crucial weakness.
G: Like “Jimmy is very brave, but his fear of insects
is his Achilles’ heel”?
B: Oh, how did you know that I hate insects?
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 114
W: Today I’d like to introduce to you Rick Riordan,
who is the author of the enormously popular
series Percy Jackson and the Olympians. It’s a
fantasy book series based on Greek mythology.
Good afternoon, Mr. Riordan. Where did you get
the idea for Percy Jackson?
M: My son asked me to tell him some bedtime
stories about the Greek gods. When I ran out of
myths for my son, he asked me if I could make
up something new with the same characters. So
I made up Percy Jackson and it took about three
nights to tell the whole story. When I was done,
my son told me I should write it out as a book.
W: Many people are comparing your series to the
Harry Potter series. Are there similarities?
M: Percy Jackson and Harry Potter are similar in that
they both draw on the same sources in folklore
and mythology. The idea of a young boy finding
out he is special, training to use his abilities, and
defeating an evil villain to take his rightful place
in the world is the story of both Harry and Percy.
Review p. 128
A.
B: What are you doing?
G: I’m reading a Greek myth. It’s a story about
Prometheus and his son, Deucalion. It’s
fascinating.
B: Oh, I didn’t know that you were interested in
Greek myths.
G: As a matter of fact, I’m reading it to write a play.
B: A play? Why are you going to write a script?
G: Our class is going to put on a play at the school
festival.
B: How interesting! I can’t wait to see it.
B.
G: Dad, my computer is down again. I can’t access
the Internet.
M: How about calling the service provider? I’ve
heard that they come right away to fix it.
G: It’s too late. They close at six. And I have to
submit this report by tomorrow morning.
M: What is the assignment about? Maybe I can help
you.
G: It’s about ancient myths. I should write three
myths, but I found only two.
M: In that case, don’t worry. I have a book about
myths.
G: Really? That’s great.
M: I think it’s on the shelf in the library. Wait here. I’ll
go get it.
G: Gee, thanks, Dad.
Listening Script
206 Appendix
Listen pp. 132-133
Lesson 6
Get Started
1.
B: Annie, how did you like the movie?
G: Oh, it was great. I love the maid robots in the
movie. I wish I had one.
B: You know what? Scientists have already created
one. It can help with cleaning the house and it
can cook, too.
G: Wow, that’s incredible. I can’t wait to have one.
2.
B: Mom, you bought a new smartphone! Wow, it’s
the newest model.
W: Yes. But I’m not used to this kind of phone.
Could you show me how to use it?
B: Sure. First, let me show you how to download an
app.
W: Thank you.
A.
G: What are you reading, Junseo?
B: I’m reading a news article on a mind-reading car.
G: You mean the car can read its driver’s mind? Is
that possible?
B: Yes . An automobile company has been
developing a mind-reading car.
G: That’s incredible. Can you explain more about it?
B: Alright. According to this article, a car of the
future will be able to predict the drivers’ thoughts
and respond by selecting the correct speed and
position on the road.
G: Wow. That kind of technology could help people
drive more safely.
B.
B: Betty, the science fair is next month. Have you
decided on your project?
G: Yes. I’ll do some experiments with soap. What
about you?
B: Well, I’m thinking of two, a battery or water.
G: Tell me more.
B: One is building a battery using solar power. And
the other is analyzing the differences between
bottled water, filtered water and tap water.
G: Both of them sound interesting. If I were you, I
would choose the latter. That’s more related to
everyday life.
B: Yeah, I guess you’re right.
C.
W: Now, that’s it for today. Any questions, students?
G: I have a question, Ms. Tate. Could you explain
what a hotspot is? I often see that sign around,
but I don’t know what it is.
W: Well, a hotspot is a site that offers wireless
Internet access. When you are in a hotspot, you
can connect your digital device to the Internet
without using wires.
B: Ms. Tate, how about Wi-Fi? Is that similar?
W: Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology, and a
hotspot is a place to use Wi-Fi.
G: So, where can I find a hotspot?
W: Hotspots are often found at restaurants, subway
stations, airports, hospitals and other public
places. They’re found in more and more places
these days.
B: That’s awesome. Thank you, Ms. Tate.
D.
M: Many of the greatest innovations were first
designed to solve a simple problem. Let me
give you an example. A person came up with
an idea for his friend who could not tie up his
Listening Script
Listening Script 207
shoes because he hurt his back. The idea was to
make something that could be opened or closed
with one hand. So, the zipper came about. It’s
incredible, isn’t it? The Young Scientist Contest
encourages you to solve simple problems using
science and innovation. The contest is open to all
high school students except the former winners.
To enter the competition, you must submit a one
or two minute video that explains a problem and
solution. The Grand Prize winner will receive
$5,000. For more information, please visit our
website: www.ysc.com.
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 136
W: Good morning, TV viewers. I’m here to see what
our kitchens will be like in the near future. Let’s
meet the future expert, Mr. Engleman. Hello, Mr.
Engleman. Could you explain the future kitchen
to your viewers?
M: Sure. Let’s start with the “Virtual Recipe”. It tells
you the recipe and displays it on this screen
here. You won’t need to read recipe books in the
future.
W: That’s awesome. And what is this?
M: This is called the “Smart Cabinet”. The “Smart
Cabinet” lights up the cupboards to help you find
stuff. It knows what you need from the “Virtual
Recipe” and shows you its location.
W: And what is the “Fridge Camera”?
M: It projects the contents of the refrigerator directly
onto the door. People will open their refrigerator
less often to find food and this will save energy.
W: Thank you for talking with us today, Mr.
Engleman.
Review p. 150
A.
B: Amy, where are you going?
G: Oh, I’m going to the library to borrow a book
for my assignment. I have to hurry because the
library will close in an hour.
B: Well, you don’t need to be hurry. There’s a way
to read the book without borrowing it from the
library.
G: What do you mean?
B: You can download an app on your smartphone.
It will let you connect to the public library and
download the book onto your phone.
G: Wow, that’s awesome. Can you show me how?
B: Sure. Just give me your phone. I’ll do it right now
for you.
G: Here’s my phone. Thanks a lot.
B.
M: What are you doing with your phone, Jane?
W: I’m watching a movie. It’s a Sci-Fi movie
about the future. The AR part in the movie is
impressive.
M: AR? What is AR?
W: AR stands for augmented reality. It is a
technology that adds graphics and audio to a
view of the real world.
M: I don’t understand what you mean. Can you
explain more about it?
W: Alright. When you watch soccer games on TV,
the sports commentator uses lines and arrows
to show the movement of the players. Have you
seen those?
M: Certainly. Is that an example of AR?
W: It sure is.
Listening Script
208 Appendix
Listen pp. 154-155
Lesson 7
Get Started
1.
B: Gayoung, I’d like to buy you a cell phone
wallpaper. Which do you like the most between
these two?
G: Well, I prefer this one with the penguin
characters to the other one with the movie stars.
Those characters look cute.
B: Alright. I’ll download the character one, then.
2.
M: I wonder if you remember Jinsu.
W: Which Jinsu? The math genius or the president
of the movie club?
M: The latter. I heard he won first place in an
international animation contest!
W: Wow! I should go and congratulate him.
A.
B: Hurray! Exams are finally over.
G: Free at last! Hey, we’ve got to do something fun.
B: That’s what I was going to say! What should we
do?
G: Um, why don’t we go watch movies and then
have dinner?
B: That’s what we always do. Let’s do something
more interesting.
G: Well, how about going to the ice rink? Or maybe
we could go on the roller coaster.
B: I’d prefer riding the roller coaster to going skating.
G: Great. Let’s go.
B.
W: Come on, Dongmin! Will you help me clean the
garage?
B: Sure. Mom! . . . Look at these! I wonder if you
remember them.
W: Aren’t they Digimon cards? You don’t know how
often you used to ask me for those.
B: Haha. I really wanted my own digital pet at
that time. All of my friends were crazy about
collecting these cards as well.
W: That’s not all. You wanted to buy not only the
Agumon toys but also whatever product Agumon
was on.
B: And I never missed an episode of Digimon on
TV.
W: Yeah, you were crazy about that. I still remember
the title of the show. Wasn’t it Digimon
Adventure? I also loved those characters.
C.
M: Have you heard? Justin Bieber, the young pop star,
got paid 3 million dollars to promote a brand.
Using stars like Justin Bieber in promotions is
called celebrity marketing. Marketers prefer
using celebrities to non-celebrities. They will
even pay the celebrities millions of dollars to do
so. This is because celebrities may attract more
attention to the advertisement. According to a
marketing study, celebrity marketing definitely
influences consumer’s buying behavior and
affects the image of the brand. But when using
celebrity marketing, marketers have to ensure
the image of the celebrity matches the product or
not, and that the celebrity will actually increase
the products’ image.
D.
W: I wonder if you remember the news that the
Hello Kitty company has earned millions of
dollars.
M: I do. They receive a royalty of between 3 and 10
Listening Script
Listening Script 209
percent from the hundreds of companies that use
Hello Kitty on their products.
W: I would never have imagined that a mere cat
could generate so much money.
M: Neither would I, but character merchandising is
one of the biggest industries these days. That’s
why many companies are trying to create new
characters.
W: Oh, I see. I heard Pororo is also becoming
popular.
M: That’s what I heard too. That little penguin has
brought in about seven hundred million dollars a
year.
W: You’ve got to be kidding!
M: No, I’m not.
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 158
W: This is Claire Haggins from ACB News and I
am at the Chuncheon Animation Festival. This
festival started in 1997 and is turning 15 this year.
More than 100 famous animation characters,
including Atom and Conan, are being exhibited.
I also see many people in costumes dressed as
animation characters.
Let me interview a teenager here at the festival.
What do you think about the festival?
Teenager: This is so fun! I have seen so many of the
characters and animated films that I love. This
festival is really fantastic!
W: Thank you. Now, our viewers will be interested
to know that there will be three animation
competitions-2D animation, 3D animation and
claymation. This year, about 50 films have been
entered in the competitions. Why not come and
enjoy the films and vote for your favorite one?
Chuncheon Animation Festival will be held from
August 27th to September 4th.
Review p. 172
A.
W: May I help you?
B: I’m looking for a pair of boots for my cousin.
W: Okay. What about this pair of Mashimaro boots?
They’re our latest style.
B: Well, I think she prefers Hello Kitty to
Mashimaro.
W: I see. Then, what about these pink ones?
B: Hmm. . . . They look good, but she doesn’t like
pink that much. Are there white ones in size 7?
W: Yes, we have them. Here you are.
B: They seem too small. Can I have one size bigger?
W: Yes, we have them in stock. Let me get them for
you.
B.
G: I wonder if you remember the hit movie The
Dark Night Rises.
B: Of course, I do. I loved that movie. Why?
G: The actor in the movie is advertising a new model
of smartphone! Can this be called character
merchandising?
B: I don’t think so, Julia. That is celebrity marketing.
G: Oh, really? I thought it was character
merchandising because the movie star plays his
character from his movie in the advertisement.
B: Well, they are similar but different in some way.
G: What are the differences?
B: When only fictional characters are used, it
is called character merchandising. Celebrity
marketing is the term used when actual people
are involved.
G: Oh, I get it now. Thanks.
Listening Script
210 Appendix
Speaking pp. 176-177
Speaking & Writing Test 2
A. What product are you launching?
 Who is the target customer of your product?
 Which celebrity do you want to pick to
advertise your product?
 Why do you choose him/her for your
product?
C. Some might argue that single-sex education
is better than coeducation. According to
them, as boys and girls learn in different ways,
coeducation probably will not work fine for every
student. What do you think of their argument?
What type of class do you prefer, single-sex
education or coeducation?
Listening Script
Answers 211
Answers
Lesson 1
Listen pp. 12-13
Get Started 1. 2.
A. 1. 2.
B. 1. 2.
C. 1. 2. book station, divide, who need them
D. 1. 2. bookmobile, library, schools
Talk p. 14
Listen & Answer
 It’s so annoying seeing someone spitting on the
sidewalk.
 I can’t stand someone dropping litter in a public
place.
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 16
Listen & Answer
passionate reader and a writer,
children’s books, big fan of reading, helps me
better understand
Before You Read p. 17
C. 1. accumulation
2. autobiography
3. occupy
4. publisher
Read pp. 18-22
Q1 It is because each book holds the moment in
which he opened it for the first time.
Q2 The fat collections of fairy tales were not allowed
to touch the small-sized picture books and
stuffed animals were not permitted to sit on the
same shelf as the books.
Q3 He wanted to see the world he had read about,
the London of Dickens, the Paris of Marcel
Aymé.
Q4 He believes that to lend a book is an
encouragement to theft.
Q5 Because his detective novels fill the room.
After You Read p. 23
A. 30,000 1. shelf
2. matters 3. books, dictatorship
4. library 5. remains
6. conquest, garden
B.
C.
companions: He thinks the books he has read are
part of his life.
beasts: Like living animals, his book collection has
been growing and will eventually exceed the
space given to it.
Language Focus pp. 25-26
A. 1. tempered 2. consuming
3. going
B. 1. is made up of 2. give, away 3. in case
D. 1. (1) in which (2) from which
(3) for whom (4) with
2. (1) had been, would / could have gone
(2) could have been, had happened
(3) had come, could have seen
212 Appendix
Write_Grammar in writing p. 27
A. 1. My father is the person on whom I’ve always
depended when I need help.
2. The university from which I really want to get
admission is in Paris.
3. A hotel is the best place in which people can
stay while they are away from home.
B. had had, would have told
 had not been, would have noticed
 If Romeo and Juliet had not taken their own
lives, they would not have made their parents
feel a deep sadness.
Write_Writing a letter to your future self p. 28
Step 3
Dear Future Me,
You are a junior in university now.
I hope you are more brave and take more chances.
I hope you feel better about yourself and keep trying
to change for the better.
I hope you do not let the little things hurt you. I
really hope you still have the same friends, and you
did not lose any of them for some stupid reason.
I hope your life is promising and on the right track.
Sincerely,
Your Past Self
Review pp. 30-31
A.
B. 1. 2.
C. , Then, , Finally, , Next, , After that, ,
First
D. 1. 2.
E.
If you love history or anything about World War
II, The Book Thief written by Markus Zusak, is an
amazing book to read. It is truly one of the most
interesting books of our time. I laughed, cried and
exploded in anger as I read it. I loved the characters,
the plot, and the author’s style of writing. It teaches
many valuable life lessons. This book was awesome
and I’d like to recommend it.
Lesson 2
Listen pp. 34-35
Get Started 1. 2.
A. 1. 2. grapes, dinner, protein, fat
B. 1. 2. energy drinks, stay awake, cut down
C. 1. 2.
D. 1. 2. Go to a museum, Egyptian, barbecue,
Visit a farm, milking the cow
Talk p. 36
A.
Trust is the most important thing I share with my
friend, and is also the one to keep my friendship
strong. A true friend is someone I can trust with my
secrets.
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 38
Listen & Answer
1. friend, go out for a walk, feel lonely
2. houses, scared of
3. behavior, caring
Answers
Answers 213
Read pp. 42-46
Q1 Because he wants to teach the students the
connection between life and food.
Q2 Because their children talk only of P-chan and
come home with bruises and scratches after
playing with her. Also because the children’s
clothes smell of pig droppings.
Q3 It is about cooking P-chan for lunch.
Q4 Because they are graduating soon. And they
are the ones who raised her, so they have a
responsibility to end it.
Q5 The students decide to vote on it and send
P-chan to the slaughterhouse.
After You Read p. 47
A. - - - -
B.
Language Focus pp. 49-50
A. 1. assistance 2. insistence 3. reservation
B. 1. the green light 2. cast, vote 3. put, off
D. 1. (1) Whoever (2) Whichever (3) whatever
2. (1) could have won the race
(2) shouldn’t have gone to the movie
(3) should have listened to me
Write_Grammar in writing p. 51
A.
1. I should have turned left. / I shouldn’t have turned
right.
2. I should have told him the party was postponed.
3. I shouldn’t have been tempted. / I shouldn’t have
bought expensive things I couldn’t afford.
B.
1. Whatever I touch
2. wherever she goes
3. Whoever finds it
Write_Writing a movie review p. 52
Step 1
Name of the film: Dangerous Minds
Setting: A high school in a poor city area
Type of movie: human drama
Characters: a teacher (Ms. Johnson)
Plot: Ms. Johnson (Michelle Pfeiffer) is in charge of
a class made up of the city’s most troubled students.
She soon realizes that she can earn trust from the
students by respecting and understanding them.
Opinion: It made me think about many problems
young people face in society.
Recommendation: Don’t miss it!
Step 2
Dangerous Minds, directed by John N. Smith, is
set in a high school in a poor city area. The main
character is a teacher, played by Michelle Pfeiffer.
The film focuses on Ms. Johnson (Michelle Pfeiffer)
who is put in charge of a class made up of the city’s
most troubled students. She soon realizes that she
can earn trust from the students by respecting and
understanding them.
Dangerous Minds covers many of the problems
young people face in society. If you like to see a
touching drama, don’t miss this film. It is worth
seeing Pfeiffer’s performance.
Review pp. 54-55
A.
B. 1. 2.
C. - -
D. 1. 2.
E.
The food I eat most is fried eggs and I eat them
almost every day. They contain lots of minerals
and protein. I like fried eggs because they are a
nutritionally complete food and also delicious.
Answers
214 Appendix
Lesson 3
Listen pp. 60-61
Get Started 1. 2.
A. 1. 2.
B. 1. Paris 2. Museums of Paris Tour
C. 1. 2. (1) T (2) F (3) T
D. Exercise, library, Take a photography class,
basketball or soccer
Talk p. 62
I suggest you go to the nearby park and play
badminton with your friends.
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 64
Listen & Answer
, ,
 famous paintings
 New York City, contemporary
 pop art
Before You Read p. 65
B. P, R, P, P, R, R
C. 1. minute 2. scale
3. grid 4. portrait
Read pp. 66-70
Q1 The purpose of Photorealism is to reclaim the
role of reproducing reality that traditional
painting had handed over to photography.
Q2 The scale helps you to concentrate on the small
details by making you focus on one area at a
time.
Q3 He chose some pretty unique means such as
razor blades, electric drills and airbrushes.
Q4 He found a mosaic-based, gridded and colorful
style. He used a grid of tiles painted with colorful
circular or oval shapes.
Q5 They look like a collection of squeezed hot dogs
or doughnuts.
After You Read p. 71
A. Photorealist, by abandoning the paintbrush,
detailed description, minutest detail, scale,
paralyzed from the neck down, gridded and
colorful style, grid of tiles
B. contemporary art, photography
C. 1. T 2. T 3. F
Think & Express p. 72
A. (1) (2)
Language Focus pp. 73-74
A. 1. famous 2. continuous
3. mistreat 4. misfortune
B. 1. cope with 2. as well as 3. drawn into
D. 1. (1) which was (2) that are (3) that is (4) that
2. try, are, is
Write_Grammar in writing p. 75
A. 1. sold as air cleaners in many parts of the world
produce the gas ozone
2. viewers find upsetting is regarded as a crime
in some parts of the world
3. posted at the end of every month pops up on
the website
B.
1. are looking at some paintings
2. looks very old but beautiful
Answers
Answers 215
3. has long hair and is wearing a white shirt
Write_Writing a biography p. 76
Step 1
 in Malaga, Spain, on October 25
 Cubism
 The Dream
 Mougins, France, on April 8
Step 2
Name: Salvador Dali
1904: born in Figueres, Spain on May 11, 1904
1929: held his first private exhibition in Paris
1931: finished Persistence of Memory
1940: moved into a new style, “Classic Period”
1942: published his autobiography, The Secret Life of
Salvador Dali
1989: died from heart failure in Figueres on January
23, 1989
Step 3
Salvador Dali was born in Figueres, Spain on May 11,
1904. In 1929, Dali held his first private exhibition in
Paris and soon he became a leader of the Surrealist
Movement. His painting, Persistence of Memory
(1931), is still one of the best known surrealist
works. By 1940, Dali was moving into a new style
which eventually became known as his “Classic
Period”. In 1942, he published his autobiography,
The Secret Life of Salvador Dali. He died from heart
failure in Figueres on January 23, 1989.
Project Work p. 77
Clothing: The woman on the right is wearing a long
brown coat and a long skirt.
Pose: The woman on the left is holding her hands
together. The woman on the right is standing
with her arms folded.
Facial expression: The woman on the left is showing
a concerned face. The woman on the right is
making an angry face.
Other details: The woman on the left has short curly
hair. The woman on the right has long hair.
Review pp. 78-79
A.
B. 1.
2. a cat: an old person
rocks covered with moss: longevity
red flowers: youth and celebration
C.
 you memorize them little by little every day
 you wear the pink dress you bought a month
ago
D. 1. coping with 2.
E.
I was born at Seoul in 1998. I have my parents
and an older sister. I graduated from elementary
school in 2012 and middle school in 2015. When
I was 13 years old in 2011, my family went
on a trip to Canada. It was the most exciting
experience in my life. Now I am a student of
Daehan High School. I’m good at art and got the
first prize in an art contest.
Lesson 4
Listen pp. 82-83
Get Started 1. our group project
2. small amount
A. 1. 2. clean up the oil spill, this summer
B. 1. greenhouse, eco-friendly
2. (1) T (2) T (3) F
Answers
216 Appendix
C. 1. competition, competition 2.
D. 1. Litter Makes the World Bitter
2.
Talk p. 84
I’d like to say something about air pollution. Air
conditioners can pollute the air. How about turning
off the air conditioner when it is not so hot?
Communicative Task p. 85
Step 1
 water: turn off the water while brushing teeth
 food waste: only buy as much food as you need
 plastic bottles: reuse them for a picnic
 used magazines: use them as packing material
when moving house
 milk cartons: use them for plant pots
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 86
Listen & Answer
1
2
4
3
second-hand, used books, garage sale,
measuring out
Think & Talk
I’d like to visit the school. I want to learn what
they’re doing for the environment and then practice
them at my school.
Before You Read p. 87
C. microscopic, starvation, debris, entangle
Read pp. 88-92
Q1 He saw the sea of plastic that has come to be
known as the “Great Pacific Garbage Patch”.
Q2 It can be eaten by tiny marine organisms and
enter the food chain.
Q3 The North Pacific Subtropical Convergence
Zone.
Q4 Because the albatross chicks are fed them,
resulting in their death by either starvation or
suffocation.
Q5 More plastic recycling and wider use of
biodegradable materials are the best way.
After You Read p. 93
A. plastic, biodegradable, Location, Convergence,
Fishing nets, resin pellets, recycling,
biodegradable
B. microscopic, starvation, suffocation
C.
Think & Express p. 94
A. 1. 2. shooting lasers, Earth’s atmosphere
Language Focus pp. 95-96
A. 1. 2. 3. 4.
B. 1. breaking down 2. turn, into 3. result in
D. 1. (1) play the piano (2) flying
(3) checked his shoes
2. that, where, where, where, why
Write_Grammar in writing p. 97
A. 1. to refuse plastic straws
2. avoiding the chemicals
Answers
Answers 217
3.
plastic or paper bags but bring your own
plastic containers
You can even ask your local grocery store owner
to take the containers back and to reuse them.
B. 1. where it can do great harm
2. where we live
3. where plastic bags are still given out for free
4. where they are often mistaken for food by
hungry sea turtles
Write_Writing a newspaper article p. 98
Step 1
Where: Troy Children’s Hospital
How: collected more than 5.2 tons of pop tabs
Why: to help the sick children in the hospital
Step 2
Westlake High School students, Today, donated
$63,246, Troy Children’s Hospital, to help the sick
children in the hospital, collected more than 5.2 tons
of pop tabs
Project Work p. 99
1. Canada consumes the most energy in the world.
Wrong!
 Pollution of fresh drinking water is a problem
for about half of the world’s population. True!
 Human activities, such as burning coal, oil
and natural gas result in an increase of global
warming gases. True!
 There are over 1,000 animals that are considered
as endangered species. True!
 Over 55% of the garbage that ends up in the
trash can could be recycled. True!
Review pp. 100-101
A.
B. 1. 2.
C.
carry a shopping basket to the store, throw it into
a recycling bin, remake them into a skirt
D. 1. 2. 3.
E.
1. Electricity is not to be wasted
Recycle and reuse
Encourage others to be environmentally
friendly
Everyone should pick up litter
Never waste water
2. Reduce plastic waste.
Prevent air pollution.
Speaking & Writing Test 1
Speaking pp. 104-105
A. Q1 I suggest that she see the exhibition at the
National Museum of Korea.
Q2 The exhibition takes place from 9 a.m. to 6
p.m.
Q3 The exhibition shows some famous historical
artworks of Korea.
Q4 You can get there by taking subway line
number 4 and get off at Ichon Station.
B. The boy is looking at a famous painting at a
museum. There is a warning saying “Hands Off!”
below the painting. The boy, who didn’t see the
warning, touches the painting. The guard sees the
boy touching the painting and tells him that he
shouldn’t do that. The boy then sees the warning
and feels embarrassed. Later the boy sees a girl
who is trying to touch the painting and stops her.
Answers
218 Appendix
C. Taking video of the musical is banned here.
Therefore you shouldn’t film the musical. We will
be able to buy the DVD of the musical later on.
D. From the graph you can see that people from all
age groups spend more time watching television
than reading. The graph also shows that those
who are 65 and older spend the most hours
watching television and those who are 35 to
44 years old spend the least hours watching
television. Concerning the time spent reading,
people who are 65 years old and older spent the
most hours reading while those who are between
12 to 24 years old spent the least hours reading.
Writing pp. 106-107
A. 1. He is watching his students playing with
P-chan.
2. She is holding a dish full of food for P-chan.
3. He is playing soccer with P-chan.
4. He is about to clean P-chan’s pen.
B. The oddest food I have ever had is a food called
Natto, which I first ate when I was in middle
school. Natto is a traditional Japanese food made
out of beans. I thought this food is odd because
when you mix it, the strings come out from the
beans. Also, it has a distinct smell.
C. Plastic has brought several benefits to
humankind; however, it has more disadvantages
than advantages. First of all, we need more
resources when making plastic. For instance,
production of plastic usually requires fuels which
are scarce resources. Secondly, since plastic is
not biodegradable, it can lead to environmental
problems such as the air and water pollution.
Lastly, some plastic products produce harmful
chemicals, which affect our body and other
living organisms. Thus, plastic products can have
negative effect on our health. For these reasons,
I believe plastic has more disadvantages so we
should reduce using it.
Lesson 5
Listen pp. 110-111
Get Started 1. 2.
A. 1. 2. (1) shout, (2) read the book,
B. 1. god of the sun 2. (1) F (2) T (3) F (4)T
C. 1. 2. Day 2
D. 1. (1) the Midas touch. (2) Achilles’ heel.
2. successful, crucial weakness
Talk p. 112
I think the most beautiful place to visit in Korea is
Sorak Mountain. When you visit there in fall, you
can see beautiful red and yellow leaves all over the
mountains.
Communicative Task p. 113
Title: Troy
Year: 2004
Review: The film follows the attack on Troy by the
united Greek forces and the fates of the men.
I’d like to know if the movie is true to the Greek
myth.
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 114
Listen & Answer
Answers
Answers 219
myths, three nights, folklore and
mythology, special, abilities, evil
Think & Talk
I’d like to choose Pandora. I’d like to write about
curiosity that human beings have based on the story
about Pandora’s box.
Before You Read p. 115
A. L, M, M, L
B.
A great flood that
overwhelmed the earth
The creation of human
beings
The creation of
the world
C.
tribe
survive
creation to continue to live or exist, especially after coming close to dying
the making of the universe, earth and creatures by god
a small group of people of the same race, language and customs
Read pp. 116-120
Q1 Stories about the creation of the world and the
origin of humankind are called myths.
Q2 They used Mount Mandara to stir the ocean.
Q3 Raven taught the first man how to live.
Q4 He was the Hindu god Vishnu.
Q5 Because the human mind is essentially the same
all over the world.
After You Read p. 121
A. Myths, humankind
1. this world 2. clay or mud
3. great flood
human mind, common ideas
B.
C. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T
Language Focus pp. 123-124
A. 1. preheat 2. prehistoric 3. immortality
B. 1. make use of 2. nothing but 3. gave birth to
D. 1. (1) Each → All / students have → student has
(2) says → say (3) games → game / every → all
2. ,
Write_Grammar in writing p. 125
A.
1. All the children in the picture are dressed up
like a Greek god or goddess.
2. Each child seems to have something in their
hand.
3. Each girl is holding something in her hand
except for the girl standing in the middle.
4. Every child in the picture looks happy.
B.
1. they could become human
2. that they should eat only garlic and a handful
of mugworts every day and remain out of the
sunlight for 100 days
3. that the bear followed these instructions and
was transformed into a woman
4. he would take the woman for his wife
5. who was named Dangun Wanggeom
Write_Writing a twisted story p. 126
Step 2
 The title of the story: Sleeping Beauty
 The part you want to change from the story: The
sleeping princess is beautiful but she talks in her
sleep.
 A summary of the story: The prince found the
Answers
220 Appendix
sleeping beauty. When he came toward her to
kiss her, she started to talk in her sleep. He was
shocked. He cannot stand people who talk in their
sleep. So, he gave up on his plan to kiss her and
went back to his country.
Step 3
This is the story about sleeping beauty who talks
in her sleep. A prince found a sleeping beauty in
the forest on the way to his country. The sleeping
beauty was an attractive princess. He approached
the princess to kiss her. Just before he kissed her,
she started to talk very loudly. He was shocked. So,
he gave up on his plan to kiss her and went back to
his country. The princess had to wait until another
prince passed by.
Project Work p. 127
1. Sleep Talking Sleeping Beauty
2. A: Once upon a time, there lived an attractive
princess in the forest. She had to sleep until a
prince kissed her. One day, a handsome prince
found her.
B: A woman is sleeping here, Prince Harry. She is
so beautiful.
C: Really? Let me take a close look at her. Oh, she
really is.
B: She must be an attractive princess. I’ve heard
about her. How about waking her up by kissing
her?
C: Good idea. Let me try it. (The prince
approached the princess to kiss her.)
D: I’d like . . . I’d like . . . I’d like to say something .
. . ZZZ
C: Oh, this princess talks in her sleep! I hate
people who talk in their sleep. I won’t kiss her.
A: The princess had to wait until another prince
passed by.
Review pp. 128-129
A.
B. 1. submit the report 2.
C.
 Sydney, Sydney Opera House
 Sydney too, San Francisco
 The Golden Gate Bridge was so fascinating.
D. 1. 2.
E.
One day a man met a fish which was an
incarnation of the god. The fish told him to build
a ship because a great flood is coming. The man
followed the fish’s advice and he could save his
life from the flood.
Lesson 6
Listen pp. 132-133
Get Started 1. incredible 2. show me how to
A. 1. 2. mind-reading, thoughts, speed
B. 1. science fair 2. (1) F (2) T (3) F
C. 1. (1) hotspot (2) Wi-Fi 2.
D. 1. simple problems, science and innovation
2. winners, video, 5,000
Talk p. 134
With these artificial legs, I will be the fastest runner
in the world.
3 1 2
Answers
Answers 221
Communicative Task p. 135
Step 1
Travel in a flying car, Use self-washing dishes, Use a
robot for cooking
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 136
Listen & Answer
, recipe, screen
, cupboards
, contents, door
Before You Read p. 137
C. 1. interaction 2. virtual
3. superimpose 4. innovation
Read pp. 138-142
Q1 To warn me that I am in danger of consuming
too much fat for the day.
Q2 AR has the real world element.
Q3 It can be used in the advertising and travel
sector.
Q4 It can be used for giving a surgeon a better
sensory perception of the patient’s body during
an operation.
Q5 It could lift us into a world of a reality other than
the one we are accustomed to.
After You Read p. 143
A. graphics, audio and other virtual enhancements
 digital experience
B. major promotion,
 new route
 education, historical event
 medicine, sensory perception
C.
Language Focus pp. 145-146
A. 1. expose 2. export 3. interaction
B. 1. accustomed to 2. take the place of
3. separate, from
D. 1. (1) gets → get (2) is → be
(3) is → be, returns → return
2. to be accepted, are often caught, lose, to be
appreciated, belong
Write_Grammar in writing p. 147
A. 1. not give out personal information
2. always use virus-checking software
3. give marketers only the minimum amount of
information
4. not automatically consent to the use of your
personal information
B. be connected, be used, was given, be interested
Write_Creating your own blog p. 148
Step 1
Keyboard pants
Step 2
1. People who usually work with a computer.
2. You just type on the keyboard on the pants while
looking at the computer monitor.
3. Its advantage is that you don’t need to be close
to your computer and you can work in a more
comfortable posture. Its disadvantage is your
pants will wear out more easily.
Step 3
Title : Keyboard Pants
This invention can be very useful for people who
work on a computer a lot. They just type on the
keyboard on their pants while watching a computer
Answers
222 Appendix
monitor. It is very convenient because you do not
need to be close to your computer and you can work
in a more comfortable posture. But it also has a
disadvantage. Your pants will wear out more easily.
Review pp. 150-151
A.
B. 1. 2. graphics and audio, real world
C.
 type in the email address or telephone number
of the person that you want to send the picture
text message to
 tap the “Add Photo” button on your phone’s key
pad
 click on “Send Message”
D. 1. 2.
E.
 Second, cooking will be easier with the help
of smart appliances; ovens, microwaves and
refrigerators are combined. And you can do
everything without moving around because
everything is remote-controlled in your room.
In addition, pollution will be reduced because
green energy sources will be produced on your
roof.
 a lot more convenient than these days
Lesson 7
Listen pp. 154-155
Get Started 1. 2.
A. 1. 2. (1) F (2) F (3) T
B. 1. 2. toys, product, title
C. 1. 2.
D. 1. 2. 3, 10, seven hundred million
Talk p. 156
I prefer action movies because I like watching the
action hero’s amazing achievements. It gets rid of my
stress.
Listen & Talk in Real Life p. 158
Listen & Answer
Aug 27th, animation characters, 3D
animation, vote
Before You Read p. 159
A. character, merchandising
C.
 revenue: money that is made by or paid to a
business or an organization
 prosperity: the state of being successful, usually by
making a lot of money
 purchase: to buy property, goods, etc.
 contract: a legal agreement between people,
companies, etc.
Read pp. 160-164
Q1 It is the use of fictional characters to promote
the sale of a product.
Q2 Disney shortened the ears, added some padding
around the middle, and turned the rabbit into a
mouse.
Q3 Sanrio invented Hello Kitty solely for marketing
purposes.
Q4 She has the image of a confident Asian girl who
bosses her boyfriend around.
Q5 It gained a 47 percent audience share.
Answers
Answers 223
After You Read p. 165
A. fictional, promote, 1928, cartoon, Japan, kitty,
marketing, 2000, Asian girl, Korea, penguin, fly
B. brighter, technology, potential
C. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F
Think & Express p. 166
A.
1. existing ideas, shrink, uncontested, opportunity
2. (2), (3)
Language Focus pp. 167-168
A. 1. contract 2. compromise 3. conforming
B. 1. come up with 2. on the verge of
3. make up
D. 1. (1) had been (2) had heard (3) went, would
(4) walked, picked
2. (1) with the windows open/opened
(2) with hands trembling
(3) with her foot beating time
(4) with her eyes staring
Write_Grammar in writing p. 169
A. 1. with her heart pounding
2. with her scarf whirling
3. with his earphones on
B. 1. somebody had broken into the school during
the night, we called the police
2. had sent text messages to her many times, she
had never replied to his messages
Write_Making a SWOT Analysis p. 170
Step 2
Product/service: Animation film based on the
character, Ducky
Target market: Children aged 5-10
Strengths
 Animated animals are
loved by children.
 Interesting and
educational content
Weaknesses
 A strong rival in the
character Pororo
 Need to improve
brand awareness with
the target customer
Opportunities
 The domestic and
international
animation markets are
growing rapidly.
 Government actively
supports small
business.
Threats
 There are too many
imitations.
 The rival company has
capital strength and
big market share.
Project Work p. 171
2.
Ducky is a young yellow and orange duck with a big
star on its tail. She lives in the woods and likes to
study biology. She loves to gather seeds, dig holes
and watch the flowers grow. She is hard-working,
warm-hearted and determined.
Review pp. 172-173
A.
B. 1. 2. fictional characters, actual people
C. - - -
D. 1. 2.
E.
My favorite character is Simba, from The Lion King.
Simba was playful and always ready for an adventure.
He saw the good in everyone, even his uncle Scar. I
chose this character because Simba is a symbol of
strong sense of justice and courage.
Answers
224 Appendix
Speaking & Writing Test 2
Speaking pp. 176-177
A. Q1 I’m launching a new sports drink.
Q2 The target customer of my product would be
young athletes and teenagers.
Q3 I’d like to have Lionel Messie to advertise my
product.
Q4 I chose him because he is one of the most
popular soccer players.
B. A boy arrives at a university. He asks a woman
where the Thomas Library is, but she doesn’t
know. At that moment, he remembers to use
augmented reality. He turns on his phone and
clicks the augmented reality app. He makes his
way through the university as the augmented
reality program guides him. Finally, he finds
the Thomas Library and waves at a girl who is
waiting for him.
C. Personally, I do not agree with those who say
single-sex education is better than coeducation.
This is because students can learn to understand
those of opposite sex better by studying with
them in the same class. Also, the argument that
single-sex education will satisfy every student
does not make sense since the way students
learn varies depending on their individual
characteristics, not their gender.
D. According to the graph, students prefer the group
dance project the most. On the other hand, the
costume ball was the least favorite school festival
program among students. In addition, although
students liked the haunted house more than the
costume ball, they liked it less than the group
dance project.
Writing pp. 178-179
A. A god gave a goddess a box and told her not to
open it. However, the goddess became curious
and opened the box. When she opened the box,
every evil thing inside the box came out and
spread all over the world.
B. My favorite celebrity is Tom Cruise. Tom Cruise
is an American actor who has starred in many
movies including the Mission Impossible series.
I chose him as my favorite celebrity because he
always tries his best and acts out the role given
to him perfectly despite the fact that he has
difficulty with reading. Moreover, he is passionate
and likes challenges; he even acted out all of his
action scenes for himself in the movie Mission
Impossible 4.
C. With the appearance of augmented reality, the
conflict concerning whether it is advantageous
or not has arisen. Although some people argue
that it is advantageous, I believe it has more
disadvantages than advantages. To begin with,
the performance speed of AR is too slow to be
practical to the general public. In addition, its
contents may be too narrow to satisfy users’
interests and tastes. Lastly, it may disturb our
privacy since our private information might be
shown to others through AR. For these reasons,
augmented reality is not so advantageous and has
many problems to be solved before it can be of
any practical use.
Graded Supplements
Lesson 1 pp. 182-183
Boost Up
Answers
Answers 225
ACROSS
4. companion 5. intimacy
6. accumulation 8. humid
9. autobiography
DOWN
1. dictatorship 2. retreat
3. unprecedented 7. faded
Fly Up
1.
2. 1) She helped Room to Read attract the rest of the
community.
2) She started a reading club with other women in
the village.
Lesson 2 pp. 184-185
Boost Up
1. energetic 2. administration
3. hesitant 4. opposition
5. insistence 6. reservation
7. disgruntled 8. irrelevant
M C U Y X N O H E S I T A N T B
P D O D Z I O Z C X A Z U R P R
N M N O I T A R T S I N I M D A
Q A D J H S T E W I G L G E N Q
S D H K T E G J R E F W I R O E
I D G D W G E R L A J K Y K I N
R S F H R W E K U A R H F W T E
Z Q E T H L S F W N T B M H A R
L W G F E H U T E S T I G I V G
F A H V N H E R I T H L V Y R E
E Q A H R N K L T F D W E J E T
H N O P P O S I T I O N T D S I
T W X Y A V C H G S P Q S B E C
V W M Z R U C D E P K J H T R E
B G E I N S I S T E N C E F E H
Fly Up
1.
2. One reason is we have selective emotions, feeling
for some animals but not others, based on what
we have learned since a child. Another reason is
most of the billions of animals we eat each year
are hidden from sight and we are denied to access
to the slaughtering of them.
Lesson 3 pp. 186-187
Boost Up
ACROSS
2. replace 5. vertical
6. outcome 9. impressive
DOWN
1. identify 3. convey
4. paralyze 7. realistic
8. therapy
Fly Up
1. 2.
Lesson 4 pp. 188-189
Boost Up
1. encounter 2. subtle
3. surface 4. microscopic
5. debris 6. litter
7. circulate 8. current
9. entangle 10. controversial
J C U H N X S C R S C C E Z L
Y K I X B U Y E A I P T A P A
M E O R R R T O P R Q P Q H I
J J P F C T J O A B E Z K L S
S O A Z I U C Z U E N Q F E R
J C I L W S L E C D T K D D E
E D X C O A K A P Y A I E E V
P H U R G T Y S T C N V A Q O
Y O C O I I E J B E G Z A P R
V I O S J N Z L I B L Y N P T
M T N E R R U C T Z E F R N N
H B D P B H C S Q B V V X L O
P E V R A Z X P I Y U G V U C
L N B K D G V K A Y X S Y R K
E N C O U N T E R H Q X Y I Y
Fly Up
1. 2. 1949, the early sixties, 1967
Answers
226 Appendix
Lesson 5 pp. 190-191
Boost Up
ACROSS
2. origin 4. legend
7. spear 8. treasure
DOWN
1. famine 3. chaos
5. emerge 6. diversity
9. epic
Fly Up
1. Two well-known animals that appear in the
mythology
2.
Lesson 6 pp. 192-193
Boost Up
1. augment 2. innovation
3. virtual 4. enhance
5. adopt 6. replace
7. access 8. compass
9. ubiquitous 10. resolve
O D U N B W E C C F T R O A B
X U U Q O N C O I N W E Y X B
K F T W D I M S E G N P C O A
R M Z Z D P T M G K W L H O I
Z V T R A S G A O S O A M H V
I R K S U U V C V T S C H A V
T P S G A O E V L O S E R Y H
U R B C C T U R Q S N M C H C
Q Z D Q Y I E L Y Y E N L C Z
Y E Y L V U V N K B I M I T A
D V G H C Q C G H X O B V P M
K A M V V I R T U A L M P O M
X G N K N B Q A F G N E N D P
R M I K U U T U K V U C P A K
Z C I J X G J A X O W Q E U W
Fly Up
1.
2. It can be applied to contact lenses.
Lesson 7 pp. 194-195
Boost Up
ACROSS
4. optimism 6. phenomenon
7. revenue 8. launch
DOWN
1. fictional 2. notice
3. claim 5. aspiring
Fly Up
1.
2. 1) Athanasius Kircher
2) John Paris
3) Thomas Edison
Answers
Words & Phrases 227
Lesson 1
absolute 29
accommodate 18
accumulation 21
adolescence 19
assemble 18
autobiography 18
communist 20
companion 18
conquest , 22
dictatorship 20
eventually 22
exceed 22
gradual 22
humid 21
intimacy 19
introduction , 29
irritated 12
morally 29
multilayered , 18
occupy 22
overcome 24
publisher , 21
relatively 25
represent , 29
reputation 23
retreat , 22
scribble 18
sequence 30
strictness 29
stuffed animal 19
supreme 19
suspicious 20
transportation , , 15
unnamed 22
unprecedented 20
be accused of ~ 20
be permitted to ~ 19
give away ~ 21
set off 20
tear out 12
Lesson 2
accusation , 49
administration , 42
confident , 36
connection 42
convenience 45
creature , 48
dairy 53
dilemma 44
discrimination , 44
discussion 35
disgruntled , 43
economy 50
energetic 42
experiment 48
explanation 49
hesitant , 42
impression 36
inevitable 45
inherit 45
insistence 42
irrelevant , 43
leftover 42
nutrition 55
opinion 38
opposition 42
organize , 48
permission , 49
Words & Phrases
228 Appendix
raise 42
regret 50
reservation , 42
scrape 43
slaughterhouse 46
suggestion 35
vital 43
be willing to ~ 35
bring back ~ 36
concentrate on ~ 42
go through ~ 43
stick to ~ 51
Lesson 3
achieve 66
argument 73
breakthrough 68
collection 70
consume 68
convey 67
description , 67
detailed 67
disability , 70
emotion 67
exhibition 76
expand , 70
explore , 72
frontier , 70
horizontal 68
identify 70
impressive 67
meaningful 70
outcome 68
paralyze 69
practical 72
precise 65
professional 74
realistic 66
reasonable 63
replace 69
reproduce , 66
square 70
squeeze , 70
squint 70
sympathy 76
traditional 66
vertical 68
visible 67
cope with ~ 68
focus on ~ 67
hand over ~ 66
in place of ~ 70
point out ~ 68
Lesson 4
ancestor 87
announcement , 83
appetite , 87
approximately 99
atmosphere , 94
biodegradable 89
buoy 91
chemical , 92
circulate 90
complicate 95
content 92
controversial 91
disposal , 92
Words & Phrases
Words & Phrases 229
entangle 91
environmental 88
expansion 92
expression 84
indigestible 91
inherent 92
litter ; 89
microscopic 89
participant 83
phenomenon 91
populate 89
reduce 85
release , 97
satellite 94
starvation , 91
subtle 88
subtropical 90
suspend 92
toxicity 92
ultimately , 92
break down 92
burn up 94
go away , 89
make up ~ 89
result in ~ 91
right away 84
turn up 90
Lesson 5
aborigine 116
anthropologist 116
archetype 120
attraction 111
backbone 117
compare 114
complain 113
consciousness 125
discover 113
disease , 124
diversity , 116
element , 122
essentially 120
expect 123
famine , 118
folklorist 116
immortality 117
incarnation 119
inevitably 120
legend 120
literature 121
memorable , 121
myth ; 116
mythology , 116
opposite 120
optional 111
overwhelm ~ 119
potion 117
recede 119
solution , 123
temporary 123
transform 125
wickedness , 119
worship , 118
bring to an end 118
burst out of 118
give birth to ~ 116
make use of ~ 120
nothing but , 116
rise up 117
Words & Phrases
230 Appendix
Lesson 6
accessible 142
appliance , 151
application , 140
augment 138
combine 151
connection 142
convert 150
differentiate ~ 139
disguise 145
efficiently 140
emerge 142
enhance 139
entrance 151
hurdle 142
immense 140
indicate ~ 147
innovation 139
instantly 138
interaction 139
interface 142
invention , 134
minimum 147
operation , 141
perception , 141
politician 147
potential 147
promotion , 140
recognition , 142
relevant 140
requirement 133
resolve 142
respond 132
sensory 141
specification , 146
superimpose , 139
virtual 139
look up ~ 138
pick up on 140
refer to A as B A B 142
Lesson 7
alongside ~ 164
aspiring 164
collapse 161
commercial 172
consumer 160
contract 161
emphasize 166
entire 160
factor 160
fictional 160
financial 161
graduation 158
innocent 169
launch 163
lecture 158
optimism 161
overseas 163
personality , 171
phenomenon 161
president 154
previous 164
property 159
prosperity 161
purchase 160
purpose 162
quarter 4 1 161
range 160
recovery 161
revenue 162
skyrocket 162
Words & Phrases
Words & Phrases 231
solely 162
sophistication , 166
stationery 160
unemployment 161
worldwide 162
churn out 161
come up with ~ 161
in the midst of ~, 161
take a turn 164
Words & Phrases
232 Appendix
A
abandon 18
above 15
absolute 29
absorb 149
abstract 76
accept 56
acceptable 192
access 133
accommodate 18
accord 12
accumulate 21
accurate 70
accuse 20
accustom 142
achieve 66
across 182
active 17
actual 65
add 72
administrate 42
admit 118
adopt 140
adult 146
advantage 29
adventure 52
advertize 72
advice 104
advise 34
affect 48
afford 213
afterward 125
against 38
agent 174
aid 141
aim 29
alive 40
allow 19
along 90
alongside 164
aloud 183
already 22
alright 203
also 18
although 56
amaze 31
ambiguous 103
among 38
amount 17
amuse 199
analysis 170
analyze 170
ancient 112
anger 212
announce 83
annoy 10
annual 17
anybody 45
anyone 21
anywhere 172
apologize 197
apparent 193
appeal 152
appear 27
appearance 49
apply 193
appreciate 57
approach 219
appropriate 37
approve 184
approximate 99
area 67
argue 32
arise 95
army 125
arrange 23
arrest 20
arrow 207
article 47
artificial 134
ash 191
asleep 75
aspect 66
assemble 18
assess 37
assign 57
assist 49
assistance 49
associate 57
astronaut 94
atmosphere 54
attack 22
attempt 56
attend 158
attention 67
attitude 187
attract 111
attractive 138
audience 77
author 18
automatic 145
available 72
average 17
avoid 68
awake 198
In this textbook, the following words are used along with the recommended Basic Vocabulary.
The numbers indicate the pages in which those words appear for the first time in the book.
Basic Words
Basic Words 233
award 61
aware 95
awful 43
B
background 46
bake 70
balance 34
ban 34
bar 11
barely 22
base 16
basic 72
basis 130
bathe 135
battery 132
battle 113
bay 74
bean 33
beard 68
beast 18
beat 163
beauty 68
behave 199
behavior 73
behind 15
belief 125
believe 21
belong 146
below 27
bend 193
benefit 32
berry 88
beside 16
beyond 183
bias 185
bill 24
billion 24
birth 116
bit 37
bite 124
bitter 202
blade 68
bless 174
block 118
blood 48
boast 17
boil 15
bomb 26
bond 42
border 95
borrow 87
boss 142
bottom 80
bowl 20
brain 134
brand 170
brave 205
breath 191
breathe 56
breed 48
bribe 20
brick 188
brief 29
broadcast 163
budget 123
bullet 94
burn 20
burst 118
bury 51
business 120
C
cabinet 136
cage 195
camp 35
campaign 54
cancel 49
capital 223
care 35
career 16
cast 46
category 135
cause 20
caution 123
cave 125
celebrate 78
cell 25
center 49
century 18
certain 46
chain 89
challenge 36
chance 13
chapter 18
character 16
characteristic 53
charge 15
charity 24
chart 17
cheat 56
cheer 124
chemical 92
choice 86
cinema 195
claim 161
classic 175
clay 118
clerk 54
clever 141
cliff 189
climb 56
cloth 174
club 12
clue 157
Basic Words
coal 217
coast 90
code 140
coin 88
collapse 161
colleague 66
collect 18
combine 75
comfort 174
comfortable 29
comment 77
commerce 172
committee 49
common 57
communicate 17
community 49
companion 18
compare 17
compete 166
competition 61
competitive 166
compile 167
complain 43
complete 13
complex 56
complicate 95
compose 18
concentrate 51
concept 32
concern 43
conclusion 32
concurrent 167
condition 27
conduct 54
conference 26
confidence 183
confident 36
confirm 49
conflict 31
conform 167
confuse 31
connect 33
conscious 95
consent 147
consequence 56
consider 73
considerable 95
consist 195
constant 18
constitute 162
construct 167
consume 25
contact 27
contain 19
contemporary 66
content 32
contest 66
continuous 73
contract 159
contrast 137
contribute 102
control 66
controversy 46
convenience 45
convenient 103
conversation 34
convert 150
cooperate 35
cope 68
copy 21
core 167
could 20
council 54
countryside 196
county 13
couple 50
courage 224
course 30
crack 20
crash 91
crazy 14
create 36
creature 48
crime 20
critic 56
criticism 56
criticize 56
crop 96
cross 15
crowd 160
crucial 145
cruel 39
culture 49
cupboard 207
curious 219
curl 157
current 27
custom 115
customer 72
cycle 116
D
damage 94
danger 38
data 17
dead 27
deal 68
death 91
debate 44
decade 18
decide 25
decision 29
decline 166
defeat 29
define 137
definite 201
Basic Words
234 Appendix
degree 65
deliver 88
demand 68
deny 185
department 89
depend 43
depress 149
depth 49
describe 23
design 58
desire 28
despair 49
despite 162
destroy 10
detail 67
detect 22
determine 223
develop 42
device 72
dictionary 138
diet 34
difference 45
differentiate 139
difficulty 155
dig 223
direct 12
disabled 70
disappear 89
disaster 26
discover 74
discriminate 34
discuss 27
discussion 35
disease 124
disgust 185
display 73
dispose 92
distance 70
distinct 218
distinguish 172
distribute 89
disturb 224
diverse 29
divide 44
document 167
domestic 223
dot 33
double 124
doubt 184
dozen 21
drama 52
drown 91
due 29
during 19
dust 94
dynamic 179
E
eager 42
earn 24
earnest 43
eastern 124
economic 67
economy 50
educate 92
effect 34
effective 179
efficient 140
effort 67
either 74
elect 54
electric 68
electronic 124
element 55
eliminate 166
else 40
embarrass 15
emerge 116
emergency 146
emotion 10
emphasize 166
empire 175
employ 161
enable 27
encounter 88
encourage 21
energy 34
engineering 95
enhance 96
enormous 193
ensure 208
enter 26
enterprise 166
entertain 128
entire 22
entity 56
entrance 151
envelope 28
environment 80
envy 204
equal 29
error 124
escape 149
especial 37
essay 17
essential 66
establish 144
etc 67
euro 60
evaluate 77
even 38
event 27
eventual 22
ever 21
everything 15
everywhere 192
Basic Words
Basic Words 235
evil 205
evolve 187
exact 28
examination 198
exceed 22
except 133
exchange 96
excite 169
exercise 17
exhibit 76
exist 45
existence 198
expand 70
expansion 92
expect 86
expenditure 53
experience 27
experiment 38
expert 207
explain 42
explode 212
explore 72
export 145
expose 124
express 10
expression 25
extend 145
external 66
extra 73
extreme 65
F
facilitate 183
facility 183
fact 48
factor 170
fade 18
fail 149
failure 46
fair 56
false 23
fame 66
familiar 142
fashion 58
fate 218
fault 43
fear 10
feature 68
female 125
festival 36
field 35
figure 63
file 134
final 26
finance 16
firm 184
fit 21
flame 171
flash 193
flesh 48
flight 49
float 80
flood 115
flow 95
focus 52
fold 15
follow 12
fond 21
forbid 183
force 22
foreign 104
forest 124
forgive 48
form 25
format 150
former 133
fortunate 26
fortune 63
forward 96
found 24
freeze 97
frequent 57
friendship 36
frighten 124
fry 35
fuel 92
furniture 168
G
gain 29
gallery 73
garage 202
gas 25
gather 35
gender 183
general 74
generate 209
generation 87
generous 19
gift 12
globe 82
goal 28
god 112
golden 122
goods 51
govern 73
grade 9
gradual 22
grain 33
grand 207
grant 51
greed 56
ground 19
growth 166
guarantee 130
Basic Words
236 Appendix
guard 38
guest 24
guide 18
guideline 185
H
habit 33
handle 41
hang 168
happen 19
hardly 68
harm 97
healthy 41
heat 21
heaven 117
heel 111
history 116
hole 15
horizontal 65
horror 52
host 185
hotel 50
household 135
however 24
huge 164
human 23
hunt 55
hypothesis 124
I
ice 208
ideal 195
identify 70
illustrate 175
image 58
imagine 29
imitate 77
immediate 184
immense 140
impact 187
importance 34
important 36
impossible 44
impress 64
impression 19
improve 96
inch 22
incident 98
include 17
increase 31
incredible 130
independent 195
indicate 147
individual 66
industry 103
inevitable 45
influence 16
inform 29
informal 54
inherent 92
injure 94
injury 43
ink 21
inner 66
innocent 169
innovate 135
input 193
insect 111
insist 42
instance 72
instant 42
instead 13
institute 83
institution 184
instruct 30
instrument 124
intend 149
interact 125
interest 26
intermediate 145
internal 170
international 145
interview 48
introduce 12
invent 134
involve 166
island 51
issue 42
item 85
J
jealous 174
jewel 117
joke 118
journey 20
joy 185
judge 122
junior 212
justice 223
K
kill 32
kilogram 99
kilometer 89
kingdom 125
kiss 219
knot 15
knowledge 17
L
labor 145
laboratory 89
Basic Words
Basic Words 237
lack 17
ladder 56
lamp 195
language 74
latter 206
launch 163
layer 167
lead 24
least 17
leather 87
leave 25
lecture 158
legal 159
lend 21
length 39
less 34
level 19
license 96
lie 97
lift 142
likely 57
likewise 70
limit 69
link 66
list 11
literature 27
local 97
locate 75
lone 119
loss 124
lot 41
luck 73
M
machine 15
mad 124
magazine 85
magic 195
main 16
major 29
manage 44
manipulate 174
manner 65
manufacture 83
margin 18
mark 14
marry 126
master 144
match 65
material 75
maximum 15
meal 48
measure 73
mechanic 195
mechanism 95
media 25
mediate 145
medical 134
medicine 50
member 12
memory 19
mention 68
merchant 124
mere 20
message 29
metal 87
meter 67
method 68
might 72
mild 149
mile 82
military 20
mill 86
million 87
mind 25
mineral 213
minimize 185
minimum 147
minor 147
mission 174
mistake 50
mix 96
moderate 149
modern 64
moment 10
monitor 30
mood 72
moral 29
moreover 48
motion 174
mud 57
murder 22
must 17
mystery 56
N
narrow 179
nasty 75
nation 50
native 119
nature 18
nearby 13
nearly 187
neat 36
necessary 48
negative 50
neglect 149
negotiate 167
neighbor 73
neither 70
nervous 12
net 80
network 11
nevertheless 94
newspaper 14
Basic Words
238 Appendix
nobody 180
nonsense 57
nor 21
normal 94
northern 123
note 17
notice 27
novel 22
numerous 174
O
object 65
observe 27
obtain 96
obvious 48
occasion 18
occupy 18
occur 95
ocean 80
odd 106
offer 21
official 61
oil 33
omit 74
onto 136
operate 141
opinion 29
opportunity 46
oppose 42
opposite 120
option 111
order 13
ordinary 204
organize 23
origin 44
ornament 187
otherwise 201
ought 62
outcome 46
output 193
outstanding 72
overall 77
overcome 24
overseas 163
owe 195
own 14
P
pack 216
package 97
pad 137
pain 89
paragraph 27
part 18
participate 17
particular 43
partner 13
passage 24
paste 201
patient 25
pattern 65
peace 168
pearl 57
per 105
perceive 167
percent 54
perfect 15
perform 124
performance 77
perhaps 46
period 97
permission 42
permit 19
persist 215
persuade 75
phenomenon 91
philosophy 56
phrase 9
physical 69
pile 167
pity 126
pleasure 27
plenty 97
poem 161
poison 27
policy 67
political 56
politics 73
pollution 84
popular 56
population 167
port 145
pose 75
position 107
possess 184
possible 23
postpone 49
pot 85
potential 42
pound 169
power 29
powerful 80
practical 72
pray 51
precede 20
precious 46
precise 37
predict 22
prefer 152
prejudice 183
prepare 99
preserve 72
press 134
pressure 80
prevent 29
Basic Words
Basic Words 239
previous 21
pride 17
primary 183
principal 42
print 66
priority 183
private 19
prize 112
probable 60
procedure 30
process 13
produce 75
product 33
profession 18
profit 166
progress 84
project 26
promise 60
promote 103
pronounce 37
proper 30
property 159
protect 38
proud 203
prove 29
provide 49
psychology 185
public 13
publish 16
purchase 155
pure 98
purpose 46
pursue 166
puzzle 156
Q
quality 37
quarter 161
quite 63
quote 17
R
race 50
raise 32
range 160
rapid 146
rare 149
rate 113
rather 17
razor 68
reach 44
react 140
real 9
realistic 58
realize 15
reason 19
reasonable 63
recall 49
recent 37
recognize 109
recommend 12
record 118
reduce 12
refer 57
reference 57
reflect 27
refresh 49
refuse 97
regard 43
region 49
register 83
regret 50
regular 65
reject 187
relate 72
relationship 146
relative 25
release 97
relevant 140
remain 21
remarkable 140
remind 18
remove 90
rent 170
repair 30
replace 69
report 84
represent 29
reproduce 66
reputation 23
require 68
research 76
reserve 34
reside 119
resident 183
resist 51
resolve 130
resource 107
respect 24
respond 132
response 37
responsible 32
result 91
retire 25
return 97
reveal 49
revenue 152
review 29
reward 16
rid 13
rise 117
risk 95
rival 223
rob 26
roll 74
Basic Words
240 Appendix
romantic 52
root 124
rough 24
route 124
rubber 87
rude 14
rug 148
ruin 74
rule 19
S
safe 19
safety 42
sail 80
sake 24
sale 159
sample 170
sand 83
satisfy 32
sauce 30
save 119
scale 65
scarce 107
scatter 68
scene 65
schedule 44
score 37
scrap 87
scrape 43
scratch 43
screen 131
search 12
secret 19
section 97
sector 140
secure 198
seed 223
seek 65
seem 32
seize 15
select 12
self 28
sense 43
sensitive 185
sentence 25
separate 43
sequence 30
series 114
serious 14
serve 18
service 133
session 149
set 20
settle 21
several 16
severe 149
sex 177
shape 69
share 16
sharp 170
shelf 19
shine 189
shock 16
shoot 94
should 29
shout 14
shower 96
shy 173
sight 125
sign 60
signal 140
significant 64
silent 77
silly 198
similar 66
simple 70
since 18
sincere 28
single 18
sink 169
site 61
situation 48
skill 15
slide 195
smart 136
smooth 189
soap 206
social 11
society 27
software 24
soil 96
soldier 91
sole 162
solve 63
somebody 66
somehow 162
someone 14
somewhere 93
sort 10
soul 118
source 9
space 14
spare 119
special 92
species 74
specific 68
speed 94
spill 90
spit 211
spite 42
splendid 35
sport 11
spread 22
squeeze 70
staff 170
stage 94
Basic Words
Basic Words 241
standard 49
stare 168
state 16
status 28
steal 12
steel 89
step 15
stick 44
still 19
stir 117
stock 161
storm 161
strange 38
strategy 166
straw 97
stream 90
strength 170
stress 38
stretch 91
strict 29
strike 64
string 195
strip 160
structure 37
stuff 19
stupid 212
style 69
subject 65
submit 61
substance 92
succeed 46
success 29
successful 68
such 48
suck 124
sudden 69
suffer 17
suggest 35
suit 131
sum 199
summary 34
supplement 9
support 223
suppose 61
surface 68
surround 116
survey 11
survive 97
suspend 92
sweat 57
switch 144
symbol 120
sympathy 76
system 55
T
tail 91
tame 187
tap 92
target 166
task 25
taste 54
tear 12
technical 49
technique 56
technology 130
teenage 113
temper 25
temporary 123
tempt 51
tend 145
tense 75
term 47
terrible 19
text 23
theme 61
therefore 107
thick 123
thief 113
thing 14
though 57
threat 94
threaten 91
through 24
throughout 18
thunder 204
thus 57
tidy 57
tight 15
tiny 70
tip 52
title 23
toast 148
ton 87
tool 69
topic 15
total 17
tour 27
toward 32
tower 26
track 46
trade 124
tradition 57
tragedy 174
transform 113
transit 193
transportation 15
treasure 51
treat 56
tremble 168
trend 167
tribe 115
trigger 183
trouble 14
trust 19
twist 126
Basic Words
242 Appendix
type 14
typical 83
U
ultimate 92
undergo 146
undertake 189
unique 68
unit 95
unite 53
universe 115
university 68
upon 26
upper 90
upset 19
urban 56
urge 202
useful 139
usual 13
V
valuable 212
value 57
variety 103
various 89
vary 75
verb 147
verse 180
version 46
vertical 65
via 90
victim 76
victory 125
video 144
view 44
village 18
violence 76
violent 124
virtual 136
visible 67
vital 43
volume 10
vote 46
W
war 76
warn 119
waste 50
wave 73
weed 125
western 156
whatever 50
wheel 118
whenever 48
whether 48
while 14
whole 26
wicked 119
widespread 119
widow 174
wild 47
willing 35
wing 197
wire 133
wise 119
within 125
without 44
wonder 152
wooden 63
worm 200
worse 70
worship 118
worth 52
would 10
wrap 9
wrist 140
Y
yard 87
yet 56
youth 78
Basic Words
Basic Words 243
244 Appendix
Sources
Lesson 5 Abstracted from Neil Philip, Mythology (DK Eyewitness Books).
Lesson 6 Text
Sources 245
Sources
3 , 
1, 4, 6 , , 
5 , 
2 , , 
7 ,
ktbook.com (02) 3663-5409〜12
High School English
<ETC>
Lesson 5 The Archetypes of Mythology p.116
Every culture makes stories about the creation of the world
and the origin of humankind. These stories are called myths.
Lesson 6 Ultra Reality at Your Fingertips p.138
In the near future, an augmented reality (AR) will not even be
called AR. It could simply be referred to as reality.
Lesson 7 More Than Just Kitties and Penguins p.160
What a consumer wants when purchasing character
merchandise is the image of a character rather than the product.
 
Lesson 1 A 30,000-Volume Window on the World
Lesson 3 The More Real, the Less Likely
Lesson 2 School Days with a Pig
Culture Time
Culture Time
Speaking & Writing Test 1
Lesson 4 Garbage Islands: Sailing in a Sea of Plastic
010
032
056
058
080
102
104
Contents
004
Appendix
Lesson 5 The Archetypes of Mythology
Lesson 7 More Than Just Kitties and Penguins
 Graded Supplements
 Listening Script
 Answers
 Words & Phrases
 Basic Words
 Sources
Culture Time
Speaking & Writing Test 2
Song
Lesson 6 Ultra Reality at Your Fingertips
182
196
211
227
232
244
108
130
152
174
176
180
005
Before You Begin
 
 .
Listen
 
 
 .
Talk & Communicative Task
 , 
 
 .
Listen & Talk in Real Life
 
, 
- .
Before You Read
 
 .
Read
 
 , 
· .
After You Read
 
 .
High School English I 
086 Lesson 4
Listen & Talk in Real Life
Places in Green City
1st Listening Number the places in the order that the guide introduces them.
2nd Listening Fill in the blanks.
Features
Hazardous Waste Center Pet Shop Rerun Theater School
Reason
It sells things.
It has lots of that were donated.
They hold a twice a year to sell used things.
Shoppers can buy food by the exact amounts
they need.
Community Warehouse
Moonbeam’s Coffee
Savemor family home
Ms. Miller’s Market
Listen & Answer
If you planned to visit Green City, which of the places below would you like to visit? What
features do you expect to find in each place? Talk about your choice with your partner.
Think & Talk
006
Think & Express
 ,
 , Think
& Debate, Think & Present .
Language Focus
 , , 
 
 .
Write
Language Focus 
 , 
 .
Project Work
 
 4 
.
Review
 
, 
.
Culture Time
 
 .
Speaking & Writing Test
 - 
 /// 
 .
Search for other famous modern artist and their works. Then talk about them with your
classmates.
Modern Art
102 Culture Time
David Hockney (1937- ) is considered one of the most
influential British artists of the twentieth century. He was
an important contributor to the pop art movement of the
1960s. His most recent works use the Brushes app on his
iPad and iPhone to create digital paintings. Hockney’s iPhone and iPad
drawings (2011)
Paik Nam June (1932-2006) is a Korean artist
who is considered to be a pioneer of video art. His
artworks used TV monitors and projectors, not
just as tools for making art, but also as ways of
expressing his ideas about our society.
 Electronic Superhighway (1995)
Claes Oldenburg (1929- ) is a Swedish American
sculptor, best known for his public art installations. His
works typically feature very large copies of everyday
objects, such as the spoon and cherry seen here.
 Spoonbridge and Cherry (1988)
Gary Simmons (1964- ) is an American artist who
creates works that address personal experiences of race
and class. He uses icons and typical images of American
popular culture. ‘EVERFORWARD’ in the right glove, and
‘NEVERBACK’ in the left glove are written.
 Boxing Gloves (1993)
Environmental Organizations
Search for other environmental organizations and talk about them with your classmates.
Culture Time 103
Greenpeace
Greenpeace is the best known and most visible of all nongovernmental
environmental organizations. The stated goal of
Greenpeace is to “ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life
in all its diversity.” To reach this goal, Greenpeace focuses on
campaigning on a variety of global environmental issues such as
commercial whaling, deforestation, global warming, and antinuclear
issues. The campaigns take several forms: direct actions,
protests, and advertisements. In doing so, Greenpeace has had
far-reaching influence on governments and companies, as well as
raising the public’s awareness of important environmental issues.
Friends of the Earth
Friends of the Earth is an environmental network active in
over 70 countries. Made up of over 5000 local groups, Friends
of the Earth organizes and supports campaigns on the banning
of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), global warming and
climate change awareness, sustainable forestry practices, and
fair trade programs. Through campaigning on the most urgent
environmental issues facing the planet, Friends of the Earth hopes
to make our planet a healthier and safer and more equal planet for
current and future generations.
WWF
The World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF), with its distinctive
panda logo, is the largest organization devoted to the protection of
endangered plants and animals and habitats. Current campaigns
by the WWF include conservation programs for lions and
snow leopards, encouraging sustainable forestry practices, and
promoting the consumption of sustainable seafood. Through these
actions, the WWF has raised public awareness on the threats facing
many plants and animals around the world. The WWF has also
had a significant impact on the introduction of policies and laws
protecting species and their habitats.
Speaking & Writing Test 1
104 Speaking & Writing Test 1
Speaking
A. Suppose you have a foreign friend in Korea. He/She wants to watch an exhibition in Korea.
He/She is having trouble deciding where to go. He/She asks for your advice. You should
answer with one or two full sentences. You will be given 20 seconds to answer each question.
Now, let’s begin.
B. You will see six pictures and tell a story based on the pictures. You have one minute to
prepare your answer and one minute to answer. Now let’s begin.
A
C
E
B
D
F
Speaking & Writing Test 1
Speaking & Writing Test 1 105
C. You will hear a story describing a problem. You will have one minute to think about your
advice on how to solve the problem and one minute to answer. Now, let’s begin.
D. You will see a graph showing the leisure time on an average day. Explain the contents
of the following graph in your own words. You will have one minute to think about your
presentation. Now, let’s begin.
Average hours
per day
watching TV
reading
3
2
1
0
12-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+
Age
Average hours per day spent
watching television and reading by age
007
Lesson
1. A 30,000-Volume
Window on the World
2. School Days with a Pig
3. The More Real,
the Less Likely
Topics Hobbies Understand Where Our
Food Comes from
Art Communicative
Functions
 It’s really annoying/
irritating.
 Do you know how to
use it?
 It seems to me eating
this is killing her twice.
 I’m (not) satisfied/
happy with the price of
food.
 How do you find the
cartoon drawing class
you’re taking now?
 I suggest that you write
about being a fashion
designer.
Read
The library of Alberto
Manguel and his love of
books
The plot of the film, School
Days with a Pig
Life of Photorealism
artist Chuck Close and
the characteristics of his
artworks
Grammar
 My library is a sort
of multilayered
autobiography, each
book holding the
moment in which I
opened it for the first
time.
 If I had stayed, I would
have had to destroy my
library for fear of the
police.
 Whichever decision
they make, the concept
of responsibility is
raised repeatedly
by both sides of the
argument.
 I should have guided
them toward a
conclusion, but I think
they benefited from the
lesson because there
was no right answer.
 Chuck Close is a
famous American artist
known for his portrait
paintings.
 The challenges faced in
the process of painting
have more meaning for
Close than the realistic
effect of the final image.
Write
Writing a letter to your
future self
Filling out a movie review
organizer
Writing a biography Scope and Sequence
008
4. Garbage Islands:
Sailing in a Sea of
Plastic
5. The Archetypes of
Mythology
6. Ultra Reality
at Your Fingertips
7. More Than Just Kitties
and Penguins
The Environment Mythology Science and Technology Character Merchandising
 I’d like to say
something about our
group project.
 If I were you, I’d use
more powerful words.
 It was fascinating.
 I’ve heard about that
place.
 That’s incredible!
 Could you show me
how to use it?
 I wonder if you
remember Jinsu.
 I think she prefers Hello
Kitty to Mashimaro.
How the Great Pacific
Garbage Patch was made
and the problems it causes
Common myths around
the world
Understanding what
augmented reality is and
how it is used
The economic effect of
character merchandising
 One of the most
controversial types is
bottom set gill nets,
buoyed by floats and
anchored to the sea
floor.
 The earth has five
or six major oceanic
gyres where the ocean
circulates slowly
because of little wind
and extreme high
pressure systems.
 Every culture makes
stories about the
creation of the world
and the origin of
humankind.
 The Unalit say that the
first man was born from
the pod of a beach pea.
 To make AR easier to
use, it is necessary that
user interfaces improve
and connections be
guaranteed.
 There are some major
issues that need to
be resolved to gain
accurate recognition on
a real-time basis.
 In the early 1970s, a
young Tokyo-based
company called Sanrio
wanted a character that
would appeal to preteen
girls around the world.
 The success of Hello
Kitty skyrocketed Sanrio
into a billion-dollar
business, with half of
its revenue coming
from Hello Kitty.
Writing a newspaper
article
Writing a twisted story Creating your own blog Making a SWOT Analysis
009
Lesson 1 A 30,000-Volume Window on the World p.18
As companions of the long hours together, the
books I have read are part of my life.
 
※ : , , , 
 
 
Lesson 2 School Days with a Pig p.40
Lesson 3 The More Real, the Less Likely p.66
How does one raise an animal, care for it, and
then kill it for food?
The process of creating a portrait is
more meaningful than the likeness the
portrait bears to its subject.
Lesson 4 Garbage Islands: Sailing in a Sea of Plastic p.88
Fishing nets entangle seals, sea turtles and other animals in a
phenomenon known as “ghost fishing”, often drowning them.
