President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates: Bok ÃÑÀå´Ô, RudenstineÀü ÃÑÀå´Ô, Faust Â÷±â ÃÑÀå´Ô, ÇϹöµå ¹ýÀΰú °¨µ¶À§¿øÈ¸ À§¿ø ¿©·¯ºÐ, ±³¼öÀ§¿øÈ¸ À§¿ø¿©·¯ºÐ, ºÎ¸ð´Ôµé, ƯÈ÷ À̹ø Á¹¾÷»ý ¿©·¯ºÐ, I¡¯ve been waiting more than 30 years to say this: ¡°Dad, I always told you I¡¯d come back and get my degree.¡± Àú´Â ¡°¾Æºü, ³ª´Â ¾ðÁ¨°£ Çб³¿¡ µ¹¾Æ°¥ °ÍÀ̰í Á¹¾÷ÀåÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °Å¶ó°í Ç×»ó ¸»Çß¾úÀݾƿ䡱 ¶ó´Â ÀÌ ¸»À» Çϱâ À§ÇØ 30³â ÀÌ»óÀ» ±â´Ù·Á ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I¡¯ll be changing my job next year ¡¦ and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. Àú´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½ÃÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ ¿µ¿¹¿¡ ´ëÇØ Çб³Ãø¿¡ °¨»çµå¸®¸ç Àú´Â ³»³â¿¡´Â Á¦ Á÷¾÷À» ¹Ù²Ü°Ì´Ï´Ù(MS¿¡¼­ ¹°·¯³ª¼­ ÀÚ¼±È°µ¿¿¡ Àü³äÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â µí)¡¦. ±×¸®°í ÀÌÁ¦ Á¦ À̷¼­¿¡µµ ´ëÇÐÁ¹¾÷ÇÐÀ§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ±âºÐ ÁÁÀº ÀÏÀ̱º¿ä. I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees. For my part, I¡¯m just happy that the Crimson has called me ¡°Harvard¡¯s most successful dropout.¡± I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class ¡¦ I did the best of everyone who failed. Àú´Â ¿À´Ã Àúº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ºü¸£°Ô ÇÐÀ§¸¦ ÃëµæÇÑ Á¹¾÷»ý ¿©·¯ºÐµé²² ¹Ú¼ö¸¦ º¸³»¸ç Àú¿¡°Ô Crimson(Harvard Çб³½Å¹®)ÀÌ ÇϹöµå ÁßÅðÀÚÁß °¡Àå ¼º°øÇÑ »ç¶÷À̶ó°í ¸»Çѵ¥ ´ëÇØ ¸Å¿ì ÇູÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ÄªÂùÀÌ Àú·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¿À´Ã Á¹¾÷»ýµéÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇØ¼­ ÀÌ·¸°Ô Á¹¾÷¿¬¼³À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÈûÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ¸ðµç ÁßÅðÀÚÁß¿¡¼­ ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇß½À´Ï´Ù. But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school. I¡¯m a bad influence. That¡¯s why I was invited to speak at your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today. ±×·¯³ª Àú´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Á¦ Ä£±¸ Steve Ballmer°¡ °æ¿µ´ëÇпøÀ» ÁßÅðÇϵµ·Ï ²¿ÀÎ »ç¶÷À¸·Î ±â¾ïµÇ±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. Áï Àú´Â ¾Ç¿µÇâÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±× °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ¿Ö Á¦°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÇ Á¹¾÷½Ä¿¡ ÃÊ´ëµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à Á¦°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÇ ÀÔÇнĿ¡ ¿¬¼³À» ÇÏ·¯ ¿Ô´Ù¸é ¿À´Ã ÀÌ ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ÈξÀ Àû¾úÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.( Steve Ballmeró·³ ÁßÅð¸¦ ÇØ¼­) Harvard was just a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn¡¯t even signed up for. And dorm life was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew I didn¡¯t worry about getting up in the morning. That¡¯s how I came to be the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social people. ÇϹöµå½ÃÀýÀº Àú¿¡°Ô °æÀÌÀûÀÎ °æÇèÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Çб³»ýȰÀº ¸Å·ÂÀûÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç Àú´Â Á¾Á¾ Á¦°¡ ¼ö°­ ½ÅûÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸¹Àº ¼ö¾÷¿¡ µé¾î°¡°ï Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±â¼÷»ç »ýȰµµ ¾ÆÁÖ ¸ÚÁ³½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ·¡µåŬ¸®ÇÁ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Currier House¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥ Á¦ ¹æ¿¡´Â Ç×»ó ¹ã ´Ê°Ô±îÁö ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿©·¯°¡Áö¸¦ ÅäÀÇÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¦°¡ ¾ÆÄ§¿¡ ´ÊÀá ÀÚ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Å°æ ¾²Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ¸ç ±× °Í ¶§¹®¿¡ Àú´Â ¹Ý»çȸÀû ±×·ìÀÇ ¸®´õ°¡ µÇ±âµµ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¸ðµç ±âÁ¸»çȸ¿¡ ¼øÀÀÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô °ÅºÎ°¨À» ÀÔÁõÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¼­·Î¼­·Î ¹ÐÂøÇÏ¿´¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most of the guys were science-math types. That combination offered me the best odds, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesn¡¯t guarantee success. ·¡µåŬ¸®ÇÁ´Â »ýȰÇϱ⿡ ÁÁÀº °÷ À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°÷¿¡´Â ³²ÀÚº¸´Ù ¿©ÇлýÀÌ ¸¹¾Ò°í ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ³²ÇлýµéÀº ¼öÇÐ, °úÇÐ µî À̰ú»ýŸÀÔ À̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¶ÇÕÀº ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ Á¦°¡ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÃÖ°íÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ¿´À¸³ª À̰÷¿¡¼­ Àú´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ» ³ôÀÌ´Â °Í¸¸À¸·Î´Â ¼º°øÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â ½½Ç ±³ÈÆÀ» ¹è¿ü½À´Ï´Ù. One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque that had begun making the world¡¯s first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. ÇϹöµå½ÃÀýÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ±â¾ïÀº 1975³â 1¿ù¿¡ ÀϾ´Âµ¥ ±× ¶§ Àú´Â Á¦ ±â¼÷»ç¿¡¼­ ¼¼°è ÃÖÃÊÀÇ °³ÀοëÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ »ý»êÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ ´º¸ß½ÃÄÚÁÖ ¾Ù¹öĿŰ ¼ÒÀç ȸ»ç¿¡ ÀüÈ­¸¦ °É¾î ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ »ç¶ó°í Á¦¾ÈÇß½À´Ï´Ù. I worried that they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up on me. Instead they said: ¡°We¡¯re not quite ready, come see us in a month,¡± which was a good thing, because we hadn¡¯t written the software yet. From that moment, I worked day and night on this little extra credit project that marked the end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Microsoft. Àú´Â ±×µéÀÌ Á¦°¡ ´ÜÁö ±â¼÷»ç¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇлýÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÃ¤°í ÀüÈ­±â¸¦ ³»·Á³õÀ»±îºÁ °ÆÁ¤À» ÇßÁö¸¸ ±×µéÀº ¡°¿ì¸®´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ Áغñ°¡ ´ú µÇ¾ú°í ÇÑ´Þ µÚ¿¡ ¿¬¶ôÇϼ¼¿ä¡± ¶ó´Â ȸ½ÅÀ» ÇßÀ¸¸ç Àúµµ ¾ÆÁ÷ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î°¡ ´ú ¿Ï¼ºµÈ ¶§¶ó Àß µÇ¾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ±×¶§ºÎÅÍ ¹ã³·À¸·Î ÀÌ Á¶±×¸¶ÇÑ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ ¿Ï¼ºÇϴµ¥ ÁÖ·ÂÇߴµ¥ ±× °ÍÀÌ Á¦°¡ Çо÷À» Áß´ÜÇϰí Microsoft¿ÍÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿©Á¤À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô µÈ °è±â°¡ µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege ? and though I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made, and the ideas I worked on. Á¦°¡ ÇϹöµå½ÃÀý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â¾ïÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµÎ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¿­Á¤°ú Áö½ÄÀÇ °¡¿îµ¥¼­ º¸³½ °ÍµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº µé¶ß´Â ÀÏÀ̰ųª À§Çù½º·± ÀÏ È¤Àº ½Ç¸Á½º·¯¿î ¶§ÀÏ ¼ö µµ ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸ Ç×»ó ¹«¾ð°¡ µµÀüÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ºñ·Ï Àú´Â ÀÏÂï Çб³¸¦ ¶°³µÁö¸¸ Á¦°¡ º¸³½ ÇϹöµå½ÃÀý°ú ±× ´ç½Ã ½×¾Ò´ø ¿ìÁ¤ ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾îµéÀº °í½º¶õÈ÷ Àú¿¡°Ô Àü´ÞµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ±× °ÍÀº ³î¶ó¿î Ư±ÇÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù. But taking a serious look back ¡¦ I do have one big regret. ±×·¯³ª °ú°Å¸¦ µ¹ÀÌÄÑ º¼ ¶§ Àú´Â Å©°Ô ÇѰ¡Áö ÈÄȸ½º·¯¿î ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world ? the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn millions of people to lives of despair. Àú´Â ¼¼°èÀÇ Áöµ¶ÇÑ ºÒ±ÕÇü, Áï, ¼¼°è ¼ö¹é¸¸ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »ýȰÀ» Àý¸Á¿¡ ºü¶ß¸®´Â ºÎ¿Í °Ç°­ ¹× ±âȸÀÇ ½É°¢ÇÑ ºÒÆòµî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ÀνÄÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ÇϹöµå¸¦ ¶°³µ±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I got great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. Àú´Â À̰÷ ÇϹöµå¿¡¼­ °æÁ¦Çаú Á¤Ä¡ÇÐÀÇ »õ·Î¿î »ç»ó¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¹è¿ü°í °úÇÐÀÌ ÀÌ·èÇÑ Áøº¸µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­µµ ¸¹Àº °øºÎ¸¦ ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. But humanity¡¯s greatest advances are not in its discoveries ? but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity. Whether through democracy, strong public education, quality health care, or broad economic opportunity ? reducing inequity is the highest human achievement. ±×·¯³ª Àΰ£¼ºÀÇ °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ Áøº¸´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ß°ßÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾î¶»°Ô ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ß°ßµéÀÌ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ºÒÆòµîÀ» ÇØ¼ÒÇϵµ·Ï Àû¿ëÇÏ´À³Ä¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ÅëÇϰųª °­·ÂÇÑ °ø°ø±³À°, ¾çÁúÀÇ ÀÇ·á¼­ºñ½º ȤÀº Æø³ÐÀº °æÁ¦Àû ±âȸ¸¦ ÅëÇØ¼­ ºÒÆòµîÀ» ÇØ¼ÒÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾߸»·Î Àΰ£ÀÌ ¼ºÃëÇÏ´Â ÃÖ»óÀÇ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. I left campus knowing little about the millions of young people cheated out of educational opportunities here in this country. And I knew nothing about the millions of people living in unspeakable poverty and disease in developing countries. It took me decades to find out. ³ª´Â ÀÌ ³ª¶ó ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ ÀþÀºÀ̵éÀÌ ±³À°ÀÇ ±âȸ¸¦ ¹ÚÅ»´çÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àß ¾ËÁö ¸øÇϰí Ä·ÆÛ½º¸¦ ¶°³µÀ¸¸ç ¶ÇÇÑ °³¹ßµµ»ó±¹ÀÇ ¼ö¹é¸¸ ¸íÀÌ ¸»·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â Âü´ãÇÑ ºó°ï°ú Áúº´¿¡ ½Ã´Þ¸®´Â °Íµµ ¸ô¶ú°í ±× °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý´Âµ¥ ¼ö½Ê ³âÀÌ °É·È½À´Ï´Ù. You graduates came to Harvard at a different time. You know more about the world¡¯s inequities than the classes that came before. In your years here, I hope you¡¯ve had a chance to think about how ? in this age of accelerating technology ? we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ÇϹöµå¿¡ ¿Ã ¶§´Â ½Ã´ë°¡ ´Þ¶ú½À´Ï´Ù. Áï, ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀº ¼±¹èµéº¸´Ù ¼¼»óÀÇ ºÒÆòµî¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´õ¿í Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Àú´Â Áö±Ý°ú °°Àº ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ¹ßÀüÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ºÒÆòµîÀ» Á÷½ÃÇϰí ÇØ°áÇØ ³ª°¥ °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ °í¹ÎÇÒ ±âȸ¸¦ °®±â ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. Imagine, just for the sake of discussion, that you had a few hours a week and a few dollars a month to donate to a cause ? and you wanted to spend that time and money where it would have the greatest impact in saving and improving lives. Where would you spend it? Àá½Ã »ý°¢ÇØ º¸½Ê½Ã¿À, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÏÁÖÀÏ¿¡ ¸î ½Ã°£ ȤÀº ÇÑ ´Þ¿¡ ¸î ´Þ·¯¸¦ ¾îµò°¡ ±âºÎÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í ¶ÇÇÑ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ±× ½Ã°£À̳ª µ·ÀÌ ¾îµò°¡¿¡¼­ »ý¸íÀ» ±¸ÇÏ°í »îÀÇ ÁúÀ» ±ØÀûÀ¸·Î °³¼±½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °÷¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ±â ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é ±× °÷Àº ¾îµðÀϱî¿ä? For Melinda and for me, the challenge is the same: how can we do the most good for the greatest number with the resources we have. ¸á¸°´Ù¿Í Àúµµ °°Àº °í¹ÎÀ» ÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Áï, ¾î¶»°Ô ¿ì¸®°¡ °¡Áø °ÍµéÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ÃÖ´ë ´Ù¼ö¿¡°Ô °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ» º£Ç® ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? During our discussions on this question, Melinda and I read an article about the millions of children who were dying every year in poor countries from diseases that we had long ago made harmless in this country. Measles, malaria, pneumonia, hepatitis B, yellow fever. One disease I had never even heard of, rotavirus, was killing half a million kids each year ? none of them in the United States. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÅäÀÇ Áß, ¿ì¸®´Â À̳ª¶ó¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ¿À·¡Àü¿¡ »ç¶óÁø Áúº´µé·Î ¸Å³â ºó°ï±¹ÀÇ ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ ¾î¸°À̵éÀÌ Á׾°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ±â»ç¸¦ ÀÐ°Ô µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Áï, È«¿ª, ¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ, Æó·Å, BÇü °£¿°, Ȳ¿­º´ µî ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áúº´ Áß Á¦°¡ ÀüÇô µé¾îº¸Áöµµ ¸øÇÑ ·ÎŸ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¶ó´Â Áúº´Àº ¸Å³â 50¸¸¸íÀÇ ¾î¸°À̵éÀ» »ç¸ÁÄÉ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð ¹Ì±¹³»¿¡¼­´Â ÀüÇô ¾ø´Â ÀÏÀÌÁÒ. We were shocked. We had just assumed that if millions of children were dying and they could be saved, the world would make it a priority to discover and deliver the medicines to save them. But it did not. For under a dollar, there were interventions that could save lives that just weren¡¯t being delivered. ¿ì¸®´Â Ãæ°ÝÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¼ö ¹é¸¸¸íÀÇ ¾î¸°À̵éÀÌ Á×°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ±×µéÀ» »ì¸± ¼ö µµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °¡Á¤À» ÇÏ¿´°í ¼¼°è´Â ±× µéÀ» ±¸Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ¿ì¼±ÀûÀ¸·Î Ä¡·á¾àµéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇϰí Àü´ÞÇØ¾ß ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î »ý°¢ÇßÁö¸¸ 1 ´Þ·¯µµ ¾È µÇ´Â ±Ý¾×¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ »ý¸íÀ» ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±× ¾àµéÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î Àü´ÞµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °£¼·(À̱Ç)ÀÌ °³ÀԵǾî ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. If you believe that every life has equal value, it¡¯s revolting to learn that some lives are seen as worth saving and others are not. We said to ourselves: ¡°This can¡¯t be true. But if it is true, it deserves to be the priority of our giving.¡± ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ¸ðµç »ý¸íÀº µ¿µîÇÑ °¡Ä¡¸¦ °°´Â´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù¸é ´©±º°¡ÀÇ »ý¸íÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéº¸´Ù °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹è¿ì´Â °ÍÀº ºÒÄèÇÒ °Ì´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¡°ÀÌ °ÍÀÌ Áø½Ç Àϸ® ¾ø¾î. ±×·¯³ª ¸¸¾à À̰ÍÀÌ Çö½ÇÀ̶ó¸é ¸¶¶¥È÷ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸® ±âºÎ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¿ì¼±±ÇÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¡± ¶ó°í ¸»Çß½À´Ï´Ù. So we began our work in the same way anyone here would begin it. We asked: ¡°How could the world let these children die?¡± ±×·¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé°ú °°Àº ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÏÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¡°¾î¶»°Ô ¼¼°è´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¾î¸°À̵éÀÌ Á׾´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÄ¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î¡± The answer is simple, and harsh. The market did not reward saving the lives of these children, and governments did not subsidize it. So the children died because their mothers and their fathers had no power in the market and no voice in the system. ´ë´äÀº °£´ÜÇßÁö¸¸ ºñÁ¤Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÃÀåÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¾î¸°À̵éÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸»óÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í Á¤ºÎ ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» Àå·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¼ÒÀ§ ½ÃÀå³»¿¡¼­ ¾Æ¹«·± Èûµµ ¾ø°í ¸ñ¼Ò¸®µµ ³¾ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ºÎ¸ðµéÀ» µÐ ¾î¸°À̵éÀÌ Á׾´ø °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. But you and I have both. ±×·¯³ª ¿©·¯ºÐµé°ú Àú´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ÈûÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more creative capitalism ? if we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are suffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the people who pay the taxes. ¿ì¸®°¡ Á»´õ ¡°Ã¢Á¶ÀûÀÎ ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ¡±¸¦ ¹ßÀü½ÃŲ´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®´Â ½ÃÀåÀÌ °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º¸´Ù Àû±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çϵµ·Ï ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Áï, ½ÃÀåÀÇ ÈûÀÌ º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ³»°í ȤÀº Àû¾îµµ »ý°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö´Â ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù¸é Áö±Ý ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ºÒÆòµî¿¡ ½Ã´Þ¸®´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Àü Áö±¸»óÀÇ Á¤ºÎµé¿¡°Ô, ¼¼±ÝÀ» ³³ºÎÇÏ´Â ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °¡Ä¡¸¦ º¸´Ù Àß ¹Ý¿µÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¼¼±ÝÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ´Þ¶ó°í ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ³ÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can never be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the world. »ç¾÷¿¡¼­ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ³»°Å³ª Á¤Ä¡Àε鿡°Ô ÅõÇ¥¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ¹æ½Ä µîÀ» ÅëÇØ¼­ ºó°ïÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀ» ÃæÁ·½ÃŰ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³½´Ù¸é ±× °ÍÀº ÀÌ ¼¼»óÀÇ ºÒÆòµîÀ» °¨¼Ò½Ã۴µ¥ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ±â¿©ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÓ¹«´Â °³¹æÇüÀ¸·Î¼­ ³¡ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µµÀü¿¡ ÀÀÀüÇÏ´Â Áö¼ÓÀû ³ë·ÂÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÌ ¼¼°è´Â º¯È­ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is no hope. They say: ¡°Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be with us till the end ? because people just ¡¦ don¡¯t ¡¦ care.¡± I completely disagree. Àú´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³«°üÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù¸¸ ´õ ÀÌ»óÀÇ Èñ¸ÁÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â ºñ°ü·ÐÀº ¡°ºÒÆòµîÀ̶õ ÀηùÀÇ ½ÃÀÛºÎÅÍ ÇÔ²² ÇÏ¿© ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç Á¾¸»±îÁö ÇÔ²² ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡± ¶ó´Â ¸»¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with. Àú´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿ì¸®´Â ÈξÀ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÌ·± °Í¿¡ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù. All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing ? not because we didn¡¯t care, but because we didn¡¯t know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would have acted. ¿©±â ¸ðÀÎ ¿ì¸®´Â ¶§¶§·Î ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °¡½¿À» Âõ¾îÁö°Ô ÇÏ´Â ÀηùÀÇ ºñ±ØÀ» º¸¾Æ ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù¸¸ ±× »óȲ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ì¸®´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÏÁö ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ °ü½ÉÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Áö ¸ô¶ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿ì¸®°¡ µµ¿ï ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®´Â ÇൿÇßÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity. º¯È­¸¦ ¸·´Â À庮Àº Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ÀûÀº °ü½ÉÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °íµµÀÇ Çö½ÇÀû º¹À⼺ ¶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps. °ü½ÉÀ» ÇൿÀ¸·Î ¿Å±â±â À§Çؼ­ ¿ì¸®´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ Á÷½ÃÇϰí ÇØ°áÃ¥À» ã°í ±×·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¹ÌÄ¥ ¿µÇâÀ» ÆÄ¾ÇÇÏ´Â 3´Ü°è°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö¸¸ º¹À⼺À̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ 3´Ü°èÀÇ ÁøÇàÀ» ¸·°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Even with the advent of the Internet and 24-hour news, it is still a complex enterprise to get people to truly see the problems. When an airplane crashes, officials immediately call a press conference. They promise to investigate, determine the cause, and prevent similar crashes in the future. ºñ·Ï ÀÎÅͳÝÀÌ ÀÖ°í 24½Ã°£ ´º½º ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î ¹®Á¦¸¦ Á÷½ÃÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â µ¥´Â ¸¹Àº º¹ÀâÇÑ ¿ä¼ÒµéÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ºñÇà±â Ãß¶ô»ç°í°¡ ³ª¸é Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼­´Â Áï½Ã ¾ð·ÐÀÎÅͺ並 ½Ç½ÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº öÀúÇÑ Á¶»ç¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿øÀÎÀ» ±Ô¸íÇϰí ÇâÈÄ À¯»çÇÑ »ç°í¿¡ ´ëºñÇÑ´Ù°í ¾à¼ÓÇÕ´Ï´Ù. But if the officials were brutally honest, they would say: ¡°Of all the people in the world who died today from preventable causes, one half of one percent of them were on this plane. We¡¯re determined to do everything possible to solve the problem that took the lives of the one half of one percent.¡± ±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ Á¤ºÎ°¡ Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¼ÖÁ÷ÇÏ´Ù¸é ±×µéÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÒ °Ì´Ï´Ù. ¡° ¿À´Ã ÀÌ Áö±¸»ó¿¡¼­ ¿¹¹æ °¡´ÉÇÑ »ç°í·Î ÀÎÇØ »ç¸ÁÇÑ »ç¶÷ Áß ´ÜÁö 0.5%¸¸ÀÌ ÀÌ »ç°í ºñÇà±â¿¡ ž½ÂÇß¾úÀ¸¸ç ¿ì¸®´Â ±× 0.5%ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» »©¾Ñ¾Æ °£ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» Çϱâ·Î °áÁ¤Çß½À´Ï´Ù.¡± The bigger problem is not the plane crash, but the millions of preventable deaths. ±×·¯³ª º¸´Ù Å« ¹®Á¦´Â ºñÇà±â »ç°í°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¿¹¹æ °¡´ÉÇß´ø ¼ö ¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ç¸ÁÀÔ´Ï´Ù. We don¡¯t read much about these deaths. The media covers what¡¯s new ? and millions of people dying is nothing new. So it stays in the background, where it¡¯s easier to ignore. But even when we do see it or read about it, it¡¯s difficult to keep our eyes on the problem. It¡¯s hard to look at suffering if the situation is so complex that we don¡¯t know how to help. And so we look away. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á×À½µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ÀÐÁö´Â ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ð·ÐÀº ÁÖ·Î ÃֽŴº½º¸¦ ´Ù·ç°í ¼ö¹é¸¸¸íÀÇ »ç¸ÁÀº ´õ ÀÌ»ó »õ·Î¿î ´º½º°¡ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹«½ÃÇϱ⠽¬¿î À̸鿡 ¸Ó¹«¸£°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ºñ·Ï ¿ì¸®°¡ ±× ±â»ç¸¦ º¸°Å³ª Àоú´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ±× ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ °è¼ÓÇØ¼­ ½Ã¼±À» °íÁ¤½Ã۱â´Â ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¸¸¾à ±× »óȲÀÌ ³Ê¹« º¹ÀâÇØ¼­ ¾î¶»°Ô µµ¿Í¾ß ÇÒ Áö ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é ´õ¿í ±× Âü»ó¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Ã¼±À» °íÁ¤½ÃŰ±â ¾î·Á¿ö¼­ °á±¹ ¿Ü¸éÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution. ù¹øÂ° ´Ü°è¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦ÀÇ Á÷½Ã°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®´Â 2´Ü°è·Î Á¢¾îµé¾î ÇØ°áÃ¥À» ¸¶·ÃÇϱâ À§ÇØ º¹ÀâÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ¹«³Ê¶ß·Á¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If we have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks ¡°How can I help?,¡± then we can get action ? and we can make sure that none of the caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path of action for everyone who cares ? and that makes it hard for their caring to matter. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °ü½ÉÀ» ½ÇÁ¦·Î ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÇ ¹ß°ßÀº ÇʼöÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶² ±â°üÀ̳ª °³ÀÎÀÌ ¡°¾î¶»°Ô ¿ì¸®°¡ µµ¿ï ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?¡± ¶ó´Â Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇØ È®½ÇÇϰí ÀÔÁõµÈ ´äº¯À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®´Â ½ÇÇà¿¡ ¿Å±æ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ·± ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¼¼»ó¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ °ü½Éµµ ÇêµÇÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê°í Ȱ¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª º¹À⼺À̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °ü½ÉÀÌ ½ÇÇà¿¡ ¿Å°ÜÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î·Æ°Ô ¸¸µé°í ½ÉÁö¾î ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ü½ÉÀ» °®´Â °Íµµ ¾î·Æ°Ô ¸¸µì´Ï´Ù. Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application of the technology that you already have ? whether it¡¯s something sophisticated, like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet. ÇØ°áÃ¥À» ¹ß°ßÇϱâ À§ÇØ º¹À⼺À» ¹«³Ê¶ß¸®´Â °ÍÀº 4°¡ÁöÀÇ ¿¹»ó °¡´ÉÇÑ ´Ü°è·Î ¿¬°áµË´Ï´Ù. ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í ±× ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¸ç ±× ¼ö´ÜÀ» ¼ºÃëÇÒ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¸ç ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ±â¼úÀ» Àû¿ëÇÒ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¾ÖÇø®ÄÉÀ̼ÇÀ» ¸¸µì´Ï´Ù. ¾àó·³ º¹ÀâÇÑ °ÍÀ̵ç ħ´ë¸Áó·³ ´Ü¼øÇÑ °ÍÀÌµç °ü°è¾øÁÒ. The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand ? and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior. ¿¡ÀÌÁ ¿¹·Î µé°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹°·Ð ³ÐÀº ÀǹÌÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥´Â ±× Áúº´ÀÇ ÅðÄ¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀº ¿¹¹æÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ°íÀÇ ±â¼úÀº ´Ü ÇѾ˷ΠÆò»ý ¸é¿ªÀÌ µÇ´Â ¹é½ÅÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Á¤ºÎ³ª Á¦¾àȸ»ç ȤÀº ±â±ÝµéÀº ¹é½ÅÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÈÄ¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ÀÛ¾÷Àº 10³â ÀÌ»óÀÌ °É¸± °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÇ¹Ç·Î ±× µ¿¾È ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áï, ÇöÀç ¿ì¸®°¡ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¿¹¹æÃ¥Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À§ÇèÇÑ ÇൿÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù. Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working ? and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century ? which is to surrender to complexity and quit. ±× ¸ñÇ¥´Þ¼ºÀ» À§ÇØ ´Ù½Ã 4´Ü°èÁ¢±Ù¹ýÀÌ Àû¿ëµË´Ï´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ÆÐÅÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº Àý´ë·Î »ý°¢Çϰí ÀÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ØÃßÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®°¡ 20¼¼±â¿¡ ¸»¶ó¸®¾Æ¿Í °áÇÙ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³Ê¹« º¹ÀâÇØ¼­ Æ÷±âÇß´ø °ú¿À¸¦ µÇÇ®ÀÌ ÇØ¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. The final step ? after seeing the problem and finding an approach ? is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn from your efforts. ¹®Á¦¸¦ Á÷½ÃÇϰí ÇØ°áÃ¥À» ãÀº ÈÄ ¸¶Áö¸· ´Ü°è´Â ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¼º°ø°ú À߸øÀ» ŸÀΰú ³ª´®À¸·Î¼­ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ³ë·Â¿¡¼­ ¹«¾ð°¡¸¦ ¹è¿ìµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÔ´Ï´Ù. You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a decline in the number of children dying from these diseases. This is essential not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment from business and government. ¹°·Ð ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÇ Åë°èÀÚ·á°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ ¾î¸°À̵鿡°Ô ¹é½ÅÀ» ³õ´Â ÀÏÀ̶ó´Â °Í°ú ±×·¯ÇÑ Áúº´À¸·Î »ç¸ÁÇÏ´ø ¾î¸°À̵éÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÑ °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °ÍÀº ´ÜÁö ±× ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÇ ÁúÀ» °³¼±½ÃŰ´Â °Í »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±â¾÷°ú Á¤ºÎ·ÎºÎÅÍ º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº ÅõÀÚ¸¦ À¯Ä¡Çϱâ À§Çؼ­µµ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. But if you want to inspire people to participate, you have to show more than numbers; you have to convey the human impact of the work ? so people can feel what saving a life means to the families affected. ±×·¯³ª ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Âü¿©¸¦ À̲ø¾î³»°í ½Í´Ù¸é ´ÜÁö ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ±× ÀÌ»óÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áï, ±× ÀÛ¾÷ÀÇ Àΰ£ÀûÀÎ ¸éÀ» Àü´ÞÇÏ¿© »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý »ý¸íÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀº °¡±î¿î Ä£Áö¿¡°Ô ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù´Â ´À³¦À» °®µµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. I remember going to Davos some years back and sitting on a global health panel that was discussing ways to save millions of lives. Millions! Think of the thrill of saving just one person¡¯s life ? then multiply that by millions. ¡¦ Yet this was the most boring panel I¡¯ve ever been on ? ever. So boring even I couldn¡¯t bear it. Àú´Â ¸î ³â Àü ´Ùº¸½º Æ÷·³¿¡ °¡¼­ ±Û·Î¹úÇコÀÇ ÆÐ³Î·Î Âü¿©ÇÏ¿© ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÇ »ý¸íµé ±¸ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÅäÀÇÇß´ø °ÍÀ» ±â¾ïÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¼ö¹é¸¸! ´Ü ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» ±¸Çϴµ¥ µû¸¥ ¿Â¸öÀÇ ÀüÀ²À» »ý°¢ÇØ º¸½Ê½Ã¿À, ±×¸®°í ±× °ÍÀÌ ¼ö¹é¸¸ÀÌ µÇ´Ù´Ï¿ä¡¦..±×·¯³ª ±× ȸÀÇ´Â Á¦°¡ °æÇèÇØ º» Áß °¡Àå Áö·çÇÑ ÆÐ³ÎÀ̾úÀ¸¸ç ÂüÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. What made that experience especially striking was that I had just come from an event where we were introducing version 13 of some piece of software, and we had people jumping and shouting with excitement. I love getting people excited about software ? but why can¡¯t we generate even more excitement for saving lives? ¹«¾ùº¸´Ù Àλó ±í¾ú´ø °ÍÀº Á¦°¡ ¾î¶² ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀÇ 13¹øÂ° ¹öÀüÀΰ¡¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ´Â À̺¥Æ®¿¡ °¬À» ¶§ ÈïºÐÇØ¼­ Á¡ÇÁÇÏ°í ¼Ò¸®Ä¡´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸¸³µ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÈïºÐ¿¡ ÈÛ½ÎÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀ» Àú´Â »ç¶ûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿Ö ¿ì¸®´Â »ý¸íÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÏ¿¡´Â ´õ ÈïºÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌÁÒ? You can¡¯t get people excited unless you can help them see and feel the impact. And how you do that ? is a complex question. ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀ» µµ¿Í¼­ ±× ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» º¸°í ´À³¢Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ´ç½ÅÀº »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÈïºÐÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ¾î¶»°Ô ±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ³Ä ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº º¹ÀâÇÑ Áú¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Still, I¡¯m optimistic. Yes, inequity has been with us forever, but the new tools we have to cut through complexity have not been with us forever. They are new ? they can help us make the most of our caring ? and that¡¯s why the future can be different from the past. ¾ÆÁ÷ Àú´Â ³«°ü·ÐÀÚÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºÒÆòµîÀº ¿ì¸®¿Í ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ÇÔ²² ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª º¹À⼺À» ¹«³Ê¶ß¸®´Â »õ·Î¿î ¹æ¹ýµéÀº ÀÌÁ¦ ³ª¿Â °ÍµéÀÌ¸ç ±× ¹æ¹ýµéÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °ü½ÉÀ» ±Ø´ëÈ­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁÙ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ ¾ÕÀ¸·ÎÀÇ ¹Ì·¡´Â °ú°Å¿Í´Â ´Ù¸¦ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. The defining and ongoing innovations of this age ? biotechnology, the computer, the Internet ? give us a chance we¡¯ve never had before to end extreme poverty and end death from preventable disease. ÀÌ ½Ã´ë¿¡¼­ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â »ý¸í°øÇÐ, ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¹× ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ Çõ½ÅÀº ±Ø½ÉÇÑ ºó°ï°ú ¿¹¹æ°¡´ÉÇÑ Áúº´À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ »ç¸ÁÀ» Á¾½Ä½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ¸¦ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÁÖ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±× °ÍÀº °ú°Å¿¡´Â ¾ø¾ú´ø ±âȸµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Sixty years ago, George Marshall came to this commencement and announced a plan to assist the nations of post-war Europe. He said: ¡°I think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of facts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation. It is virtually impossible at this distance to grasp at all the real significance of the situation.¡± 60³âÀü, Á¶Áö ¸¶¼£ÀÌ ÀÌ Á¹¾÷½Ä¿¡ ¿Í¼­ ÀüÈÄÀÇ À¯·´À» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â Ç÷£À» ¹ßÇ¥Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ¡° ÀÌ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¾î·Á¿òÀº ¾ð·ÐÀ̳ª ¹æ¼ÛÀ» ÅëÇØ ´ëÁߵ鿡°Ô Àü´ÞµÇ´Â ³»¿ëÀÌ ¾öû³ª°Ô º¹ÀâÇÏ´Ù º¸´Ï »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý Çö »óȲ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °£°áÇÑ Æò°¡¸¦ ÇϱⰡ ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Æ°Ô ¸¸µç´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇöÀç ÀÌ »óȲ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç Áß¿äÇÑ Á¡µéÀ» ºü¶ß¸®Áö ¾Ê°í ÆÄ¾ÇÇϱâ´Â ½Ç·Î ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.¡± ¶ó°í ¸»Çß½À´Ï´Ù. Thirty years after Marshall made his address, as my class graduated without me, technology was emerging that would make the world smaller, more open, more visible, less distant. ¸¶¼£ÀÌ ±× ¿¬¼³À» ÇÑ ÈÄ 30³â µÚ Á¦°¡ ¾øÀÌ ÀúÀÇ Ä£±¸µéÀÌ Çб³¸¦ Á¹¾÷ÇÒ ¶§, ¼¼»óÀ» º¸´Ù ÀÛ°í, º¸´Ù °³¹æµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, ¸í¹éÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé°í °¡±õ°Ô ¸¸µé ±â¼úµéÀÌ ¸· ³ª¿À°í ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. The emergence of low-cost personal computers gave rise to a powerful network that has transformed opportunities for learning and communicating. Àú·ÅÇÑ °¡°ÝÀÇ °³Àοë ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â ±³À°°ú Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀ̼ÇÀÇ ±âȸ¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â °­·ÂÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ÃâÇöÇϵµ·Ï Çß½À´Ï´Ù. The magical thing about this network is not just that it collapses distance and makes everyone your neighbor. It also dramatically increases the number of brilliant minds we can have working together on the same problem ? and that scales up the rate of innovation to a staggering degree. ÀÌ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ³î¶ó¿î Á¡Àº ´ÜÁö °Å¸®ÀÇ Á¦¾àÀ» ¾ø¾Ö°í ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ¿ôÀÌ µÇ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â Á¡»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇÔ²² ÀÛ¾÷ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÃѸíÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ¾öû³ª°Ô Áõ°¡½ÃÄ×´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±× °ÍÀ» ÅëÇØ °ÅÀÇ °æÀ̷οï Á¤µµ·Î Çõ½ÅÀÇ ¼Óµµ°¡ »¡¶óÁö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. At the same time, for every person in the world who has access to this technology, five people don¡¯t. That means many creative minds are left out of this discussion -- smart people with practical intelligence and relevant experience who don¡¯t have the technology to hone their talents or contribute their ideas to the world. µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¼¼»óÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â¼ú¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ¿© ÀÖÁö¸¸ 5¸íÀº ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. Áï, ¸¹Àº âÁ¶ÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ ÅäÀÇ¿¡¼­ Á¦¿ÜµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Çö½ÇÀûÀÎ Áö½Ä°ú °ü·ÃµÈ °æÇøÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±â¼úÀ» ¸ð¸£´Â ½º¸¶Æ®ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ Àç´ÉÀ» ¿¬¸¶ÇÏ°í ±×µéÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î·Î ¼¼»ó¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÒ »ç¶÷µé ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. We need as many people as possible to have access to this technology, because these advances are triggering a revolution in what human beings can do for one another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, corporations, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches, and measure the impact of their efforts to address the hunger, poverty, and desperation George Marshall spoke of 60 years ago. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼öÁØÀÇ ±â¼ú¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇϱâ À§ÇØ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áøº¸´Â Àηù·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ŸÀο¡°Ô º£Ç® ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀϵéÀÇ Çõ½ÅÀ» ÃËÁø½Ã۱⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Áøº¸´Â ´ÜÁö ±¹°¡Á¤ºÎ Â÷¿øÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ´ëÇб³, ȸ»ç, Áß¼Ò±Ô¸ð´Üü ¹× ½ÉÁö¾î °³ÀεéÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Á÷½ÃÇϰí ÇØ°áÀ» À§ÇÑ Á¢±Ù¹ýÀ» ¸ð»öÇÏ¸ç ¹ÌÄ¥ ¿µÇâÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÔ À¸·Î¼­ Á¶Áö ¸¶¼£ÀÌ 60³â Àü ¾ð±ÞÇß´ø ºó°ï, ±â±Ù ¹× Àý¸ÁÀ» ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ³ë·ÂÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁÝ´Ï´Ù. Members of the Harvard Family: Here in the Yard is one of the great collections of intellectual talent in the world. ÇϹöµå °¡Á· ¿©·¯ºÐ, ¿©±â Ä·ÆÛ½º´Â Àü¼¼°è¿¡¼­ ¸ðÀÎ ÀÎÀçµéÀÇ ÁýÇÕ¼Ò ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. What for? ¹«¾ùÀ» À§Çؼ­ Àϱî¿ä? There is no question that the faculty, the alumni, the students, and the benefactors of Harvard have used their power to improve the lives of people here and around the world. But can we do more? Can Harvard dedicate its intellect to improving the lives of people who will never even hear its name? ¿©±â ÇϹöµå ±³¼ö ¿©·¯ºÐ, µ¿¹®, Çлý ¹× ±âºÎÀÚ ºÐµéÀÌ Àü¼¼°è »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀ» Çâ»ó½Ã۱â À§ÇØ º»ÀεéÀÇ ÈûÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â Àǹ®ÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®°¡ Á»´õ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î¿ä? ÇϹöµå°¡ ÇϹöµå¶ó´Â À̸§Á¶Â÷ µé¾îº¸Áöµµ ¸øÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »îÀ» ÁõÁø½Ã۴µ¥ ±× Áö½ÄÀ» ¹ÙÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î¿ä? Let me make a request of the deans and the professors ? the intellectual leaders here at Harvard: As you hire new faculty, award tenure, review curriculum, and determine degree requirements, please ask yourselves: ¿©±â ÇϹöµå Áö½ÄÀÇ ¸®´õÀ̽ŠÇÐÀå´Ô°ú ±³¼ö´Ôµé²² ¿äûÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ±³¼ö¸¦ ¿µÀÔÇϰųª Á¾½Å±³¼ö±ÇÀ» ¹Þ°Å³ª, ±³°ú°úÁ¤À» °ËÅäÇϰųª °¢ ÇÐÀ§¿¡¼­ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â »çÇ×µéÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¶§ ½º½º·Î¿¡°Ô ¹°¾îº¸½Ê½Ã¿À. Should our best minds be dedicated to solving our biggest problems? ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¸¶Àε尡 ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¹ÙÃÄÁö°í ÀÖ³ª? Should Harvard encourage its faculty to take on the world¡¯s worst inequities? Should Harvard students learn about the depth of global poverty ¡¦ the prevalence of world hunger ¡¦ the scarcity of clean water ¡¦the girls kept out of school ¡¦ the children who die from diseases we can cure? ÇϹöµå´Â ±³¼öµéÀÌ ¼¼°è ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ºÒÆòµîÀ» Á÷½ÃÇÏ°í °í¹ÎÇϵµ·Ï ±ÇÀåÇϰí ÀÖ´ÂÁö? ÇϹöµå ÇлýµéÀº ±Û·Î¹úÇÑ ºó°ïÀ̳ª, ¸¸¿¬ÇÑ ¹è°íÇÄ, ¹° ¿À¿°, Çб³¿¡ ¸ø³ª¿À´Â ¿©Çлýµé ¹× ¿ì¸®°¡ Ä¡·áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áúº´À¸·Î Á×Àº ¾ÆÀÌµé µî¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹è¿ì°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö? Should the world¡¯s most privileged people learn about the lives of the world¡¯s least privileged? Áö±¸»ó °¡Àå Æ¯±ÇÀ» °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÃÖÀúÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áø »ç¶÷µéÀÇ »î¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹è¿ì°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö? These are not rhetorical questions ? you will answer with your policies. ÀÌ °ÍµéÀº ¾î¶² ¹Ì»ç¿©±¸ÀÇ Áú¹®µéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀ» °¡Áö°í ´äº¯À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. My mother, who was filled with pride the day I was admitted here ? never stopped pressing me to do more for others. A few days before my wedding, she hosted a bridal event, at which she read aloud a letter about marriage that she had written to Melinda. My mother was very ill with cancer at the time, but she saw one more opportunity to deliver her message, and at the close of the letter she said: ¡°From those to whom much is given, much is expected.¡± Á¦°¡ À̰÷¿¡ ÀÔÇÐÀÌ °áÁ¤ ³ª´ø ³¯ ÀÚ±à½É¿¡ ³ÑÄ¡¼Ì´ø Á¦ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â Ç×»ó ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô º¸´Ù ¸¹ÀÌ º£Ç®¶ó´Â ¾Ð·ÂÀ» Àú¿¡°Ô ³Ö¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. Á¦ °áÈ¥½Ä ¸çÄ¥ Àü ±×³à´Â °áÈ¥ÀüÀÇ ½ÅºÎÀ̺¥Æ®¸¦ ÁÖ°üÇϸ鼭 ¸á¸°´Ù¿¡°Ô ¾´ ÆíÁö¸¦ Å« ¼Ò¸®·Î ÀÐÀ¸¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù. ±× ´ç½Ã Á¦ ¾î¸Ó´Ï´Â ¾ÏÀ¸·Î °í»ýÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥ ±×³à´Â ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ã±ä ³»¿ë¿¡¼­ ´Ù½Ã Çѹø º»ÀÎÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÏ¿´½À´Ï´Ù. Áï, ÆíÁöÀÇ ¸»¹Ì¿¡ ±×³à´Â ¡° ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº Àǹ«°¡ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù¡± ¶ó°í ½è½À´Ï´Ù. When you consider what those of us here in this Yard have been given ? in talent, privilege, and opportunity ? there is almost no limit to what the world has a right to expect from us. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÌ Ä·ÆÛ½ºÀÇ ¿ì¸®µé¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾îÁø °ÍµéÀ» »ý°¢Çغ¸¸é Àç´É, Ư±Ç ¹× ±âȸ µî ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ç¸®¿¡´Â °ÅÀÇ Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. In line with the promise of this age, I want to exhort each of the graduates here to take on an issue ? a complex problem, a deep inequity, and become a specialist on it. If you make it the focus of your career, that would be phenomenal. But you don¡¯t have to do that to make an impact. For a few hours every week, you can use the growing power of the Internet to get informed, find others with the same interests, see the barriers, and find ways to cut through them. ÀÌ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾à¼Ó¿¡ ºÎÀÀÇϱâ À§ÇØ Àú´Â ¿©±â ¸ðµç Á¹¾÷»ý ¸ðµÎ°¡ ½É°¢ÇÑ ºÒÆòµî °°Àº º¹ÀâÇÑ ¹®Á¦¸¦ Á÷½ÃÇÏ°í ±× °Í¿¡ Àü¹®°¡°¡ µÇ±â¸¦ ±ÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÇ ÇâÈÄ °æ·ÂÀÇ Á߽ɿ¡ Ç×»ó À̰ÍÀ» µÐ´Ù¸é ±× °ÍÀº Á¤¸» °æÀÌ·Î¿î °ÍÀÏ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡±â À§ÇØ ±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ´ÜÁö ¸ÅÁÖ ¸î ½Ã°£ ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀº ¾öû³­ ÆÄ¿öÀÇ ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ Áö½ÄÀ» ½×°í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Áø ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¹ß°ßÇϰí Àå¾Ö¹°À» ÆÄ¾Ç ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ ±× °ÍµéÀ» ¹«³Ê¶ß¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¸ð»öÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù. Don¡¯t let complexity stop you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It will be one of the great experiences of your lives. º¹ÀâÇÑ Çö½ÇÀÌ ´ç½ÅÀ» ¸ØÃßÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇϽʽÿÀ, ÇൿÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ µÇ½Ã°í ºÒÆòµîÀ» Á÷½ÃÇϽʽÿÀ. ±× °ÍÀº ´ç½Å Àλý¿¡ ÀÖ¾î °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ °æÇè Áß Çϳª°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. You graduates are coming of age in an amazing time. As you leave Harvard, you have technology that members of my class never had. You have awareness of global inequity, which we did not have. And with that awareness, you likely also have an informed conscience that will torment you if you abandon these people whose lives you could change with very little effort. You have more than we had; you must start sooner, and carry on longer. ¿©·¯ºÐ Á¹¾÷»ýµéÀº Á¤¸» ȯ»óÀûÀÎ ½Ã´ë¿¡ »çȸ¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ÇϹöµå¸¦ ¶°³ª°Ô µÇ¸é ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀº ¿ì¸® ¼¼´ëÀÇ ´©±¸µµ °æÇèÇØº¸Áö ¸øÇÑ ±â¼úÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ°í ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸ô¶ú´ø ±Û·Î¹úÇÑ ºÒÆòµî¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÎÁöÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÎÁö¸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÇ ¸Å¿ì ÀÛÀº ³ë·ÂÀ¸·Îµµ »îÀ» º¯È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î·Á¿î »ç¶÷µéÀ» µ½´Â °ÍÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ¾ç½ÉÀÇ ¼Ò¸®¿¡ °í³úÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀº ÀúÈñ ¼¼´ëº¸´Ù ¸¹Àº °ÍÀ» °¡Á³½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Á¶¼ÓÈ÷ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ½Ã°í ±×¸®°í ¿À·¡µµ·Ï Áö¼ÓÇϽʽÿÀ. Knowing what you know, how could you not? ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍµéÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¾î¶»°Ô ½ÇõÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú½À´Ï±î? And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yourselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well you have addressed the world¡¯s deepest inequities ¡¦ on how well you treated people a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. ±×¸®°í Áö±ÝÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ 30³â µÚ ¿©±â ÇϹöµå¿¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Í¼­ ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÇ Àç´É°ú ¿­Á¤À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾î ¿Â ÀϵéÀ» ¶°¿Ã¸®±â ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ »çȸ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·é ÇÁ·ÎÆä¼Å³ÎÇÑ ¾÷Àû»Ó¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾î¶»°Ô Àü ¼¼°èÀÇ ½É°¢ÇÑ ºÒÆòµîÀ» ÇØ¼ÒÇϴµ¥ ±â¿©Çß´ÂÁö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ½º½º·Î¸¦ Æò°¡ÇϽñ⸦ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô Àΰ£¼º ¿Ü¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ŸÁö¿ªÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ±â¿©Çß´ÂÁö¸¦¡¦.. Good luck. °¨»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.